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    Method of producing improved microstructure and properties for ceramic superconductors
    3.
    发明授权
    Method of producing improved microstructure and properties for ceramic superconductors 失效
    陶瓷超导体的改进微结构和性能的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5525586A

    公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

    申请号：US306927

    申请日：1994-09-15

    申请人： Jitendra P. Singh ,  Rob A. Guttschow ,  Joseph T. Dusek ,  Roger B. Poeppel

    发明人： Jitendra P. Singh ,  Rob A. Guttschow ,  Joseph T. Dusek ,  Roger B. Poeppel

    IPC分类号： H01L39/24 ,  H01L39/12

    CPC分类号： H01L39/2419

    摘要： A ceramic superconductor is produced by close control of oxygen partial pressure during sintering of the material. The resulting microstructure of YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x indicates that sintering kinetics are enhanced at reduced p(O.sub.2). The density of specimens sintered at 910.degree. C. increased from 79 to 94% theoretical when p(O.sub.2) was decreased from 0.1 to 0.0001 MPa. The increase in density with decrease in p(O.sub.2) derives from enhanced sintering kinetics, due to increased defect concentration and decreased activation energy of the rate-controlling species undergoing diffusion. Sintering at 910.degree. C. resulted in a fine-grain microstructure, with an average grain size of approximately 4 .mu.m. Such a microstructure results in reduced microcracking, strengths as high as 191 MPa and high critical current density capacity.

    摘要翻译： 陶瓷超导体是通过在材料烧结过程中紧密控制氧分压而产生的。 所得到的YBa2Cu3Ox微观结构表明烧结动力学在降低的p（O 2）下得到增强。 当p（O2）从0.1降低到0.0001 MPa时，在910℃下烧结的样品的密度从理论上从79增加到94％。 由于增加的缺陷浓度和速率控制物质经历扩散的活化能降低，p（O 2）的密度增加来自增强的烧结动力学。 在910℃下烧结导致细晶粒微观结构，平均晶粒尺寸约为4μm。 这种微观结构导致微裂纹减少，强度高达191MPa和高临界电流密度容量。

    High temperature superconductor current leads
    4.
    发明授权
    High temperature superconductor current leads 失效
    高温超导体电流引线

    公开(公告)号：US5426094A

    公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

    申请号：US641822

    申请日：1991-01-16

    申请人： John R. Hull ,  Roger B. Poeppel

    发明人： John R. Hull ,  Roger B. Poeppel

    IPC分类号： F17C13/00 ,  H01F6/06 ,  H01R4/68 ,  H01B12/00

    CPC分类号： H01F6/065 ,  H01R4/68 ,  Y10S505/884 ,  Y10S505/887

    摘要： An electrical lead having one end for connection to an apparatus in a cryogenic environment and the other end for connection to an apparatus outside the cryogenic environment. The electrical lead includes a high temperature superconductor wire and an electrically conductive material distributed therein, where the conductive material is present at the one end of the lead at a concentration in the range of from 0 to about 3% by volume, and at the other end of the lead at a concentration of less than about 20% by volume. Various embodiments are shown for groups of high temperature superconductor wires and sheaths.

    摘要翻译： 一个电导线，其一端用于连接到低温环境中的装置，另一端用于连接到低温环境外的装置。 电引线包括高温超导体导线和分布在其中的导电材料，其中导电材料以浓度为0至约3体积％的浓度存在于引线的一端，而在另一个 浓度低于约20体积％的铅的末端。 针对高温超导体电线和护套组示出了各种实施例。

    Methods and apparatus for reducing corrosion in refractory linings
    5.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for reducing corrosion in refractory linings 失效
    减少耐火衬里腐蚀的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US4705563A

    公开(公告)日：1987-11-10

    申请号：US922363

    申请日：1986-10-23

    申请人： Roger B. Poeppel ,  Sherman Greenberg ,  Dwight R. Diercks

    发明人： Roger B. Poeppel ,  Sherman Greenberg ,  Dwight R. Diercks

    IPC分类号： C21B13/00 ,  C21C5/44 ,  F27B3/14 ,  F27D1/16 ,  F27D3/16 ,  C22B9/00

    CPC分类号： F27B3/14 ,  C21C5/44 ,  F27D1/1678 ,  F27D2003/161

    摘要： Methods and apparatus are provided for reducing corrosion in a refractory lining of a liquid-containing vessel used in direct steelmaking processes. The vessel operates at between about 1600.degree. C. and about 1800.degree. C. and an oxygen partial pressure of about 10.sup.-12 atmospheres, creating slag which is rich in FeO. The refractory lining includes a significant level of chromium oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3), and has small interconnected pores which may be filled with a gas mixture having a higher total pressure and oxygen partial pressure than the total pressure and oxygen partial pressure associted with the liquid against the lining of the vessel.The gas mixture is forced through the pores of the lining so that the pores are continuously filled with the mixture. In this manner, the gas mixture creates a blanket which increases the oxygen partial pressure at the lining enough to maintain the chromium in the lining in a selected valence state in which the chromium has decreased solubility in the FeO slag, thereby reducing corrosion by the FeO and increasing the useful life of the refractory lining.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于减少在直接炼钢过程中使用的含液体容器的耐火衬里中的腐蚀的方法和装置。 容器在约1600℃至约1800℃之间运行，氧分压约为10-12个大气压，产生富含FeO的炉渣。 耐火衬里包括显着水平的氧化铬（Cr 2 O 3），并且具有小的互连孔，其可以填充具有比与液体相反的总压力和氧分压更高的总压力和氧分压的气体混合物 船内衬。 气体混合物被迫通过衬里的孔，使得孔被连续填充混合物。 以这种方式，气体混合物产生毯子，其增加衬里处的氧分压足以将衬里中的铬保持在选定的价态中，其中铬在FeO炉渣中具有降低的溶解度，从而减少FeO的腐蚀 并增加耐火衬里的使用寿命。

    Method of manufacture of single phase ceramic superconductors
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of manufacture of single phase ceramic superconductors 失效
    单相陶瓷超导体的制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5401712A

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-28

    申请号：US947324

    申请日：1992-09-18

    申请人： Jitrenda P. Singh ,  Roger B. Poeppel ,  Kenneth C. Goretta ,  Nan Chen

    发明人： Jitrenda P. Singh ,  Roger B. Poeppel ,  Kenneth C. Goretta ,  Nan Chen

    IPC分类号： H01L39/24 ,  H01B12/00 ,  H01L39/12

    CPC分类号： H01L39/2464 ,  Y10S505/742 ,  Y10S505/782

    摘要： A ceramic superconductor is produced by close control of oxygen partial pressure during sintering of the material. The resulting microstructure of YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x indicates that sintering kinetics are enhanced at reduced p(O.sub.2) and that because of second phase precipitates, grain growth is prevented. The density of specimens sintered at 910.degree. C. increased from 79 to 94% theoretical when p(O.sub.2) was decreased from 0.1 to 0.0001 MPa. The increase in density with decrease in p(O.sub.2) derives from enhanced sintering kinetics, due to increased defect concentration and decreased activation energy of the rate-controlling species undergoing diffusion. Sintering at 910.degree. C resulted in a fine-grain microstructure, with an average grain size of about 4 .mu.m. Post sintering annealing in a region of stability for the desired phase converts the second phases and limits grain growth. The method of pinning grain boundaries by small scale decompositive products and then annealing to convert its product to the desired phase can be used for other complex asides. Such a microstructure results in reduced microcracking, strengths as high as 230 MPa and high critical current density capacity.

    摘要翻译： 陶瓷超导体是通过在材料烧结过程中紧密控制氧分压而产生的。 所得到的YBa2Cu3Ox微观结构表明烧结动力学在降低的p（O 2）下得到提高，而由于第二相析出，可以防止晶粒生长。 当p（O2）从0.1降低到0.0001 MPa时，在910℃下烧结的样品的密度从理论上从79增加到94％。 由于增加的缺陷浓度和速率控制物质经历扩散的活化能降低，p（O 2）的密度增加来自增强的烧结动力学。 在910℃烧结得到细晶粒微观结构，平均粒径约4μm。 在所需相的稳定区域中的后烧结退火转变第二相并限制晶粒生长。 通过小规模分解产物固定晶界的方法，然后退火以将其产物转化成所需相，可用于其它复合物。 这种微观结构导致微裂纹减少，强度高达230MPa和高临界电流密度容量。