Abstract:
A metal cutting drill includes a shank having cutting edges at a front end and helical flutes extending rearwardly from respective cutting edges for conductive cutting fluid away from the front end. The cross-sectional area of each flute, as seen in a plane oriented non-perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the drill, becomes progressively smaller in a rearward direction. A helix angle defined by each flute becomes progressively smaller in the rearward direction. An angle formed between the plane and another plane oriented perpendicular to the axis equals the helix angle at the location where the planes intersect each other and the axis.
Abstract:
A cutting tool, preferably for milling, includes a holder and a cutting insert mounted thereon. The holder includes a seat upon which the insert is mounted, and an upstanding wall structure against which an edge face of the insert is pressed. The edge face has upper and lower portions separated by a step. The upper portion is frustoconical and is pressed against an upper wall of the wall structure to frictionally resist rotation of the insert about the insert's center axis. The lower portion of the edge face is polygonal and is adapted to engage a lower wall of the wall structure at a location spaced radially inwardly from a location where the upper portion and upper wall make contact. The lower portion rotates into engagement with the lower wall in response to cutting forces acting on the insert, to create an interference relationship between the lower portion and lower wall which prevents further rotation of the insert.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a material handling apparatus with a cab and a body mounted on a truck frame. An articulating crane is mounted on the frame between the cab and the body and is responsive to controls within the cab. As the operator sits at the controls in the cab, visibility of the crane operation is provided by a rear window in the cab and a cut out corner portion of the body. An auxiliary seat and set of controls is provided so that the operator can control the crane from either side of the cab. A second cut out corner portion improves visibility from the auxiliary seat.
Abstract:
A lubricant for metal working comprises (1) an ester of tall oil and a polyhydric alcohol and (2) an ester of an acid derived from an animal or vegetable fat or vegetable or fish oil and/or pure fatty acids and a polyhydric alcohol, and, optionally, (3) an additive forming a protective layer on the metal. The tall oil may be refined, containing less than 20% of resin acids, which may be replenished with abietic acid or colophony and the polyhydric alcohol may be ethylene glycol, di- or triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 500 - 1500, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, a polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, or tri-methoxy propane. In forming the other ester the alcohol is chosen from this same selection while the acid may be obtained from wool fat, lard, tallow, bees-wax, lanolin, olive oil, sesame oil, soya oil, cotton seed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, or rape seed oil to which may be added or which may be replaced by pure lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic or linolenic acid. The additive (3) may be a chlorine, sulphur or phosphorus compound, e.g. chlorinated paraffins, pentachlorophenol, sulphur, sulphur chloride, sulphur oxychloride, diethyl sulphide, dioxyethyl sulphide, mercaptobenzthizaole, sodium mercaptobenzthiazole or tricresyl phosphate. Where compounds (1) and (2) only are present the weight ratio of (1):(2) may be 90:10 to 10:90. Where the additives (3) is also present constituents (1) and (2) each form 5 - 90% by weight and constituent (3) forms 5 - 50% by weight of the total. A mineral or synthetic lubricating oil may also be present.
Abstract:
A computer-controlled ultrasonic cleaning system (10) that is designed to clean various articles ranging from integrated-circuit silicone wafers and hard disk platters to small mechanical components. The system (10) utilizes an electronic system which operates in combination with a computer (12) and software (14) to activate a plurality of crystal transducers (32). The crystal transducers (32), which are located on the lower surface of a cleaning tank (40) convert electrical energy, supplied by the electronic system, to acoustic/mechanical energy with a conversion efficiency near 80 percent. The system software includes a program that automatically calibrates the system and corrects crystal-to-crystal deficiencies to maintain the system (10) in a peak operating condition.