公开(公告)号：US5426936A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-27

申请号：US78972

申请日：1993-06-17

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Richard F. Abrams

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Richard F. Abrams

IPC分类号： F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F01N3/02 ,  F02M25/06

CPC分类号： F01N3/023 ,  F01N13/009 ,  F01N3/0233 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/002 ,  F01N2250/06 ,  F01N2330/06 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/47 ,  Y10S55/30

摘要： A diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system for control of NO.sub.x emissions is disclosed in hi h total particulate (soot, condensed polynuclear aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and ash) control system is employed to filter the exhaust gas prior to reintroduction to the diesel engine. By cleaning the recirculated exhaust gas of substantially all particulates, wear on the engine due to particulate abrasion is minimized, and NO.sub.x and particulate emissions are reduced. The particulate control system includes a high efficiency ceramic monolith trap that is periodically regenerated by one or more pulses of high-pressure air that move in the opposite direction of the engine exhaust flow through the trap. In one embodiment, a portion of the filtered diesel exhaust is recirculated to the engine. In a further embodiment, the particulate control system filters a portion of the diesel exhaust in the recirculation flow path. The system can retrofit any existing diesel-powered equipment.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制NOx排放的柴油发动机废气再循环系统，其中，在重新引入柴油发动机之前，采用总体微粒（烟灰，冷凝多核芳烃和脂族烃，以及灰分）控制系统来过滤废气。 通过清洁基本上所有颗粒的再循环废气，由于颗粒磨损引起的发动机磨损最小化，并且NOx和颗粒排放减少。 颗粒物控制系统包括高效率的陶瓷整体式收集器，其通过一个或多个高压空气脉冲周期性地再生，所述高压空气沿与发动机排气流相反的方向移动通过该捕集器。 在一个实施例中，一部分经过滤的柴油机废气再循环到发动机。 在另一个实施例中，颗粒控制系统过滤一部分在循环流动路径中的柴油机废气。 该系统可以改造任何现有的柴油动力设备。

公开(公告)号：US5312605A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-17

申请号：US805012

申请日：1991-12-11

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Donald L. Wise

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Donald L. Wise

IPC分类号： B01D53/60 ,  B01J20/04 ,  B01D47/00

CPC分类号： B01D53/60 ,  B01J20/041 ,  B01J20/28021 ,  B01J20/28054 ,  B01J20/28059 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3085

摘要： A method is disclosed for removing pollutants from the exhaust of combustion systems burning fuels containing substantial amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. An exemplary method of the invention involves the formation and reaction of a sorbent comprising calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). The CMA is either dry-sprayed (in the form of a fine powder) or wet-sprayed in an aqueous solution in a high temperature environment such as a combustion chamber. The latter technique is feasible since CMA is a uniquely water-soluble form of calcium and magnesium. When the dispersed particles of CMA are heated to a high temperature, fine calcium and magnesium oxide particles, which are hollow with thin and highly porous walls are formed, affording optimum external and internal accessibility for reacting with toxic gaseous emissions such as SO.sub.2. Further, the combustion of the organic acetate portion of the sorbent results in the conversion of NO.sub.x to N.sub.2.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种从燃烧系统的排气中除去燃烧含有大量硫和氮的燃料的污染物的方法。 本发明的示例性方法涉及包含醋酸钙（CMA）的吸附剂的形成和反应。 CMA可以在诸如燃烧室的高温环境中在水溶液中喷雾（以细粉末的形式）或湿喷雾。 后一种技术是可行的，因为CMA是唯一的水溶性形式的钙和镁。 当将分散​​的CMA颗粒加热到高温时，形成具有薄且高度多孔壁的中空的细小的钙和氧化镁颗粒，从而提供与有毒气体排放物如SO2反应的最佳的外部和内部可接近性。 此外，吸附剂的有机乙酸酯部分的燃烧导致NOx转化为N 2。

公开(公告)号：US5785936A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US747353

申请日：1996-11-12

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis

IPC分类号： B01D46/00 ,  B01D53/46 ,  B01D53/74 ,  B01D53/78 ,  B01D53/83 ,  B01D53/81

CPC分类号： B01D53/74 ,  B01D46/00 ,  B01D53/46 ,  B01D53/78 ,  B01D53/83

摘要： A method for the simultaneous control of SO.sub.2, NO.sub.x, HCl, air toxins, metal fumes, and particulate emissions (ash, soot, metal oxides) from fossil fuel burning combustion processes is provided by injecting a sorbent upstream of a filter in the furnace and collecting sorbent and particulates in the filter. Collecting the sorbent in the filter increases its residence time in the process. The sorbent is injected in the post-flame region of a furnace, where it reacts with the SO.sub.2, the NO.sub.x, the HCl, and the air toxics in the effluent gas. A surface filter that can withstand temperatures of approximately 1000.degree. C. is mounted, either fixedly or rotatably, in the furnace downstream of the sorbent injection region. The gas flows through the filter, and the sorbent and other particulates become embedded in the surface layer of the filter. Gases continue to flow through the filter past the embedded sorbent, where the reactions with the sorbent may continue for a long time, on the order of minutes, allowing high utilization of the sorbent to be achieved. The filter is periodically cleaned aerodynamically with a counterflow stream of compressed air, blown in pulses, through a section of the filter. Dislodged particulates are collected in a hopper.

摘要翻译： 通过在炉内注入过滤器上游的吸附剂来提供从化石燃料燃烧过程同时控制SO2，NOx，HCl，空气毒素，金属烟雾和颗粒物排放物（灰分，烟灰，金属氧化物）的方法， 收集过滤器中的吸附剂和颗粒物。 在过滤器中收集吸附剂会增加其在该过程中的停留时间。 吸附剂被注入到炉的后火焰区域，其中它与SO 2，NOx，HCl和废气中的空气有毒物质反应。 可以耐受约1000℃的温度的表面过滤器固定地或可旋转地安装在吸附剂喷射区域下游的炉中。 气体流过过滤器，吸附剂和其他颗粒物嵌入过滤器的表面层。 气体继续通过过滤器通过嵌入的吸附剂，其中与吸附剂的反应可以持续很长时间，几分钟左右，从而允许实现吸附剂的高利用。 过滤器通过空气动力学地与通过过滤器的一部分的脉冲吹送的压缩空气的逆流一起被周期性地清洁。 将移出的颗粒收集在料斗中。

公开(公告)号：US5253476A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

申请号：US839171

申请日：1992-02-21

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Najib Kahlil

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Najib Kahlil

IPC分类号： F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F01N3/02

CPC分类号： F01N3/0233 ,  F01N13/009 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/002 ,  F01N2250/06 ,  F01N2330/06 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/47 ,  Y10S55/30

摘要： A simple, low cost and reliable total particulate (soot, polynuclear aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and ash) control system is disclosed that separates the particulate burning process from the body of a particulate filter and that needs very little compressed air to regenerate. The system can retrofit any existing diesel-powered equipment. The particulate control system includes a stationary ceramic monolith trap that is regenerated by one or more pulses of high-pressure and low-velocity air that move in the opposite direction of the engine exhaust flow through the trap. The particulate control system in a single trap embodiment conducts the engine exhaust to the atmosphere during regeneration periods, and in a dual trap embodiment, conducts the engine exhaust through two traps that are operated alternatively such that while one is filtering the exhaust the other is being regenerated, and vice versa.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种简单，低成本和可靠的总颗粒（烟灰，多核芳烃和脂肪烃和灰分）控制系统，其将颗粒燃烧过程与微粒过滤器的主体分离，并且需要非常少的压缩空气来再生。 该系统可以改造任何现有的柴油动力设备。 微粒控制系统包括固定的陶瓷整体式收集器，其通过高压和低速空气的一个或多个脉冲再生，所述高压和低速空气沿与发动机排气流相反的方向移动通过该捕集器。 单个捕集器实施例中的颗粒物控制系统在再生期间将发动机排放到大气中，并且在双阱实施例中，引擎排气通过两个陷阱进行操作，这两个捕集器交替地操作，使得当一个过滤排气时，另一个是 再生，反之亦然。

公开(公告)号：US5390492A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-21

申请号：US201849

申请日：1994-02-25

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis

IPC分类号： F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/037 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F01N13/04 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02M25/07 ,  F01N3/02

CPC分类号： F01N3/037 ,  F01N13/009 ,  F01N13/011 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/0233 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N9/002 ,  F02M26/15 ,  F02M26/34 ,  F02M26/36 ,  F01N2250/06 ,  F01N2330/06 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02M26/03 ,  F02M26/04 ,  F02M26/53 ,  Y02T10/47 ,  Y10S55/30

摘要： A flow-through particulate incineration system is coupled to an aerodynamically regenerated diesel engine exhaust gas particulate (soot, condensed polynuclear aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and ash) trap. An incineration chamber is provided downstream of the particulates dislodged from the particulate trap during regeneration thereof by a pulse of compressed air. During regeneration, a valve between the particulate trap and the incineration chamber opens to allows the air and entrained particles to pass into the incineration chamber. A secondary filter is mounted within the incineration chamber to allow passage of the regeneration air therethrough, but prevent passage of the particulates, whereby the particulates are retained in the incineration chamber. A heater in the incineration chamber is periodically activated to burn the particulates collected in the trap. The oxidation products may be exhausted to ambient or may be returned to the engine intake in an exhaust gas recirculation system.

摘要翻译： 流通颗粒物焚烧系统与空气动力学再生的柴油发动机废气颗粒（烟灰，冷凝多核芳烃和脂族烃，以及灰分）结合。 在通过压缩空气的脉冲再生期间，从颗粒捕集器移出的颗粒的下游设置有焚烧室。 在再生期间，颗粒捕集器和焚烧室之间的阀打开以允许空气和夹带的颗粒进入焚烧室。 二次过滤器安装在焚化室内以允许再生空气通过其中，但是防止微粒通过，由此微粒保留在焚烧室中。 周期性地激活焚化室中的加热器，以将收集在捕集器中的微粒燃烧。 氧化产物可以排放到环境中，或者可以在排气再循环系统中返回到发动机进气口。

公开(公告)号：US5013340A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-07

申请号：US374078

申请日：1989-06-29

申请人： Mohammad E. Taslim ,  Yiannis A. Levendis

发明人： Mohammad E. Taslim ,  Yiannis A. Levendis

IPC分类号： F01N3/021 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F02B3/06

CPC分类号： F01N3/0215 ,  F01N3/0214 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N2290/06 ,  F01N2330/06 ,  F01N2330/10 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/20 ,  Y10S55/30

摘要： A rotating particulate trap is disclosed, which may find application in diesel engines, air conditioning systems, industrial air-filters and the like. The invention includes a disk or cylinder which is formed from material suitable for filtering particulates which are present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines, gas turbines, industrial air or other particulate laden gases. The disk is mounted transversely in the exhaust duct of a diesel engine and in a fresh air duct which is disposed parallel to the exhaust duct. As the disk rotates within the exhaust duct, it filters particulates from the exhaust gases of the diesel engine. The filtered particulates are expelled from the disk by fresh air blowing in the air duct as the disk rotates within the air duct. The fresh air is blown in the air duct in a direction opposite to the flow of exhaust gases within the exhaust duct by a fan or compressor or compressed air jets. The counterflow arrangement of fresh air and combustion gases enhances the effectiveness of particulate removal as the disk rotates between the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct. Particulates expelled from the disk are blown into a filter bag which is attached to the end of the fresh air duct.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种旋转的微粒捕集器，其可用于柴油发动机，空调系统，工业空气过滤器等。 本发明包括由适用于过滤存在于柴油发动机，燃气轮机，工业空气或其它含颗粒气体的废气中的颗粒的材料形成的圆盘或圆筒。 盘被横向安装在柴油发动机的排气管道和与排气管平行设置的新鲜空气管道中。 当盘在排气管内旋转时，它会从柴油发动机的废气中过滤颗粒物。 当盘在空气管道内旋转时，过滤的颗粒物通过吹入空气管道中的新鲜空气从盘排出。 新鲜空气通过风扇或压缩机或压缩空气射流以与废气管道内的废气流相反的方向在空气管道中吹送。 新鲜空气和燃烧气体的逆流布置提高了在排气管道和新鲜空气管道之间旋转时微粒去除的效果。 从盘排出的颗粒被吹入附着在新鲜空气管道末端的过滤袋。

公开(公告)号：US5352423A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-04

申请号：US39853

申请日：1993-03-30

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Donald L. Wise

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Donald L. Wise

IPC分类号： B01D53/60 ,  B01J20/04 ,  B01D53/34

CPC分类号： B01D53/60 ,  B01J20/041 ,  B01J20/28021 ,  B01J20/3078 ,  B01J20/3085

摘要： A method is disclosed for removing pollutants from the exhaust of combustion systems burning fuels containing substantial amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. An exemplary method of the invention involves the formation and reaction of a sorbent comprising calcium benzoate. The calcium benzoate is either dry-sprayed (in the form of a fine powder) or wet-sprayed in an aqueous solution in a high temperature environment such as a combustion chamber. The latter technique is feasible since calcium benzoate is a water-soluble form of calcium. When the dispersed particles of calcium benzoate are heated to a high temperature, the organic benzoate burns off and fine calcium oxide particles are formed. These particles are cenospheric (hollow) and have thin and highly porous walls, thus, affording optimum external and internal accessibility for reacting with toxic gaseous emissions such as SO.sub.2. Further, the combustion of the organic benzoate portion of the sorbent results in the conversion of NO.sub.x to N.sub.2.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种从燃烧系统的排气中除去燃烧含有大量硫和氮的燃料的污染物的方法。 本发明的示例性方法涉及包含苯甲酸钙的吸附剂的形成和反应。 苯甲酸钙可以在高温环境如燃烧室中喷雾（以细粉末的形式）或在水溶液中湿喷雾。 后一种技术是可行的，因为苯甲酸钙是水溶性形式的钙。 当苯甲酸钙的分散颗粒被加热到高温时，有机苯甲酸盐被烧掉并形成细小的氧化钙颗粒。 这些颗粒是空心的（空心的）并且具有薄且高度多孔的壁，因此，提供最佳的外部和内部可接近性以与诸如SO 2的有毒气体排放物反应。 此外，吸附剂的有机苯甲酸酯部分的燃烧导致NOx转化为N 2。

公开(公告)号：US5269980A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-14

申请号：US740507

申请日：1991-08-05

申请人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Thomai Panagiotou ,  Richard Flagan

发明人： Yiannis A. Levendis ,  Thomai Panagiotou ,  Richard Flagan

IPC分类号： B01J2/04 ,  B05B17/06 ,  B29B9/10

CPC分类号： B05B17/0623 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B29B9/10

摘要： A process for producing spherical polymer particles which may be either monodisperse of a predetermined and controlled size, or polydisperse, using a liquid atomization technique. The process includes an aerosol generator to create a stream or multiple streams of liquid droplets sprayed into a thermal reactor. The aerosol generator sprays the feed solution which comprises liquid organic monomers or semi-polymerized monomers, a polymerization catalyst and optionally, a solvent, into the thermal reactor environment. The solvent evaporates allowing polymerization reactions to commence. Polymerization may proceed by a variety of methods. Polymerization is completed during the flight-time of the droplets and the solid polymer particles are collected at the bottom of the reactor. The size of the particles in every batch may be predetermined and controlled by fine tuning the aerosol generator's configuration or operational parameters to adjust the size of the droplets of the feed solution being sprayed into the reactor. In one variation, the feed solution to the aerosol generator may be a polymer dissolved in an appropriate solvent. The aerosol generator then sprays the polymer solution in the thermal reactor to generate particles by evaporating the solvent.

摘要翻译： 使用液体雾化技术制备可以是预定和受控尺寸的单分散性或多分散性的球形聚合物颗粒的方法。 该方法包括气溶胶发生器以产生喷射到热反应器中的流或多个液滴流。 气溶胶发生器将包含液体有机单体或半聚合单体的进料溶液，聚合催化剂和任选的溶剂喷射到热反应器环境中。 溶剂蒸发，使聚合反应开始。 聚合可以通过各种方法进行。 在液滴的飞行时间期间完成聚合，并且在反应器的底部收集固体聚合物颗粒。 每个批次中的颗粒尺寸可以是预定的并通过微调气溶胶发生器的结构或操作参数来控制，以调节喷射到反应器中的进料溶液的液滴的尺寸。 在一个实施方案中，气溶胶发生器的进料溶液可以是溶解在合适溶剂中的聚合物。 然后气溶胶发生器将聚合物溶液喷射在热反应器中，以通过蒸发溶剂产生颗粒。