摘要:
A method for evaluating cancellous bone from a density pattern of the cancellous bone obtained by irradiating the cancellous bone with a radiation wherein trabeculae of the cancellous bone are analyzed based on a power spectrum obtained by a Fourier transformation of the density pattern is provided.Furthermore, a method for evaluating cancellous bone from the density pattern of the cancellous bone obtained by irradiating the cancellous bone with radiation, wherein the density pattern is determined by irradiating the radiation substantially vertically against the main trabecula of the cancellous bone and the degree of the bone atrophy of the cancellous bone is evaluated by using the area (.SIGMA.GS) of the density pattern and/or the value (.SIGMA.GS/D) obtained by dividing the area (.SIGMA.GS) by the bone width (D) of the cancellous bone.
摘要:
A method for evaluating bone comprising the steps of: (a) determining a bone pattern (i) by measuring the photodensity of an X-ray photograph from the long bone of a limb or (ii) by photon absorptiometry from the long bone of a limb; (b) smoothing and symmetrizing the bone pattern to modify the same; (c) determining at least one index selected from the group consisting of an index of the bone cortical width (MCI), a bone width (D), a maximum bone density (GSmax), a minimum bone density (GSmin), a bone mineral content (.SIGMA.GS), and an average bone density (.SIGMA.GS/D or .SIGMA.GS/D.sup.2); and (d) evaluating the bone based on the at least one index. The bone evaluation also can be carried out by determining a bone density distribution, from the modified bone pattern obtained above, by setting a bone model having an elliptic bone cross-sectional external shape, a zonate bone cortex, and a bone density decreasing portion in the inside of the bone cortex. The bone evaluation can further be carried out by first obtaining modified patterns in a plurality of portions of the bone at a constant distance and, then, by determining a bone density distribution in each portion from the modified bone pattern in each portion by setting the above-mentioned bone model in each portion. The bone density distribution in each portion is classified, by color, based on the density values, and the X-ray image or photon absorptiometry image is converted to the image of the bone density distribution.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a semiconductor device (8), including the step of etching a layer of silicon nitride (12) formed on the semiconductor device in a hot phosphoric acid solution (1). The etching step comprises the steps of preparing a means (4) for supplying a low concentration phosphoric acid solution having a predetermined concentration, detecting (3) a temperature of the hot phosphoric acid solution in the etching tank (2), starting a supply of the low concentration phosphoric acid solution to the etching tank when a predetermined time has elapsed (t) after the detected temperature of the hot phosphoric acid solution in the etching tank becomes higher than a first predetermined temperatures (T.sub.1), and stopping the supply of the low concentration phosphoric acid solution when the detected temperature of the hot phosphoric acid solution becomes lower then a second predetermined temperature (T.sub.2) which is lower than the first predetermined temperature.
摘要:
A frequency-to-current conversion circuit comprises a charge/discharge circuit for charging or discharging with a first constant current in synchronism with each cycle of an input pulse signal having a varying frequency, a voltage comparison circuit for detecting a predetermined voltage attained by the charge/discharge circuit at the expiration of a predetermined time interval dependent on the value of the first constant current from the beginning of the charge or discharge, and an output circuit for receiving the output signal of the voltage comparison circuit as well as the input pulse signal to generate a second constant current during the predetermined time interval in synchronism with each cycle of the input pulse signal.
摘要:
A method of removing moisture and toxic gas components from exhaust gas, comprises making exhaust gas, exhausted from an LNG burning boiler, flow through coolant contained in a dehydrating tower to cool it to such a temperature as to solidify moisture and nitrogen oxides but not carbon dioxide, thereby solidifying moisture and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas to separate from the exhaust gas; introducing the solidified moisture and nitrogen oxides into a solid-liquid separator thereby separating the moisture or the nitrogen oxides from the coolant; and making the coolant be contained in a cooling tower so as to be cooled, and then making the coolant be contained in the dehydrating tower again so as to be circulated.
摘要:
A method for bone histomorphometry by using a non-decalcified bone specimen, comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining two pictures A and B by recording different chromatic light transmitted through a same region of said non-decalcified bone specimen or by recording different chromatic fluorescence from the region of said non-decalcified bone specimen; (b) detecting the strength (brightness) L.sub.An and L.sub.Bn of the corresponding image elements (pixels) An and Bn of said two pictures A and B; (c) determining the ratio L.sub.An /L.sub.Bn ; (d) performing the steps (b) and (c) on all corresponding image elements of said two pictures A and B; and (e) with regard to the ratio L.sub.An /L.sub.Bn, calculating and expressing areas of three components of bone, said three components of bone being a calcified bone area, an osteoid area, and a bone marrow area, in said non-decalcified bone specimen.
摘要:
A diagnostic monitoring system, for detecting and displaying malfunctions or abnormal operations occurring in various engine operation control computers, includes a microcomputer, actuators and sensors. Each of the engine operation control computers performs a diagnosis program as a part of their control programs and produces a signal whenever a malfunction or abnormal operation is detected. A central supervisory system receives such signals from the engine operation control computers and stores them separately for the individual control computers. A display unit displays the stored signals in response to instructions from the central supervisory system.
摘要:
An exhaust gas processing method comprises making exhaust gas, exhausted from a coal burning boiler or an LNG burning boiler, flow through coolant to cool it to such a first temperature as to liquefy or solidify nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides without solidifying carbon dioxide, thereby liquefying or solidifying nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides as toxic gas components contained in the exhaust gas to separate them from the exhaust gas; removing moisture contained in the exhaust gas; and cooling the exhaust gas to such a second temperature as to solidify carbon dioxide, thereby solidifying carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas to separate it from the exhaust gas.
摘要:
A local washing device of flush toilet for cleaning the user's body part with heated water ejected toward the part under varying pressures preventing drastic initial ejection. The device comprises a heated water tank supplied with water from a flushing water reservoir, a nozzle arm connected at an end to the tank and rotatable between extruded and retreated positions at the other free end forming water ejecting nozzle, and means for controlling water-ejecting pressure to be initially low and gradually high enough for achieving desired washing.