摘要:
A supported catalyst useful in the preparation of an electrode for an electrochemical cell which comprises the residue remaining after heating at about 500.degree. to about 700.degree. C. a transition metal and a polymer such as polyvinylpyridine all adsorbed on a support material. Useful electrodes are prepared by combining the supported catalyst with a current collector.
摘要:
Methods are disclosed to control reverse current flow in stacks of membrane electrolytic cells during off-line periods. One method includes the introduction of a stripping gas flow to the anolyte solution of the cells during an interruption of normal positive current flow. In another embodiment, reverse current flow is controlled by introducing at least one soluble reducing agent to the anolyte solution during an interruption of normal positive current flow. Also disclosed is a porous sparging apparatus useful in introducing a stripping gas flow to a stack of membrane electrolytic cells.
摘要:
A method of production of highly alloyed supported or unsupported platinum-ruthenium catalysts by simultaneous precipitation of the corresponding hydrous oxides or hydroxides and subsequent reduction wherein the simultaneous precipitation of platinum and ruthenium hydrous oxides is made possible by mixing two separate precursor solutions of the two metals, one in acidic and the other in basic environment, until reaching a near-neutral pH at which both hydrous oxide species are insoluble.
摘要:
Durable electrolytic cell electrodes having low hydrogen overpotential and performance stability. A highly porous electrocatalytic primary phase and an outer, secondary phase reinforcement coating are provided on an electrically conducting transition metal substrate to make the electrodes. Durability is achieved by the application of the outer secondary phase to protect the primary phase electrocatalytically active coating. A process is also disclosed for catalizing a substrate surface to promote electroless deposition of a metal.
摘要:
A supported catalyst useful in the preparation of an electrode for an electrochemical cell which comprises the residue remaining after heating at about 500.degree. to about 800.degree. C. a transition metal and a polymer such as polyvinylpyridine all adsorbed on a support material. Useful electrodes are prepared by combining the supported catalyst with a current collector.
摘要:
A membrane-electrode structure for use in an electrochemical cell comprising an ion exchange membrane with a cathode layer and an intermediate layer between the cathode and the membrane. The intermediate layer comprises about 5 to 80% by weight of inorganic solid particles and about 95 to 20% by weight of an ionic conductive polymeric binder.
摘要:
A gas diffusion electrode comprises at least one gas diffusion media, at least one supported catalyst layer disposed on top of the gas diffusion media, the supported catalyst layer comprising at least one supported catalyst, and an unsupported catalyst layer disposed on top of the supported catalyst layer, the unsupported catalyst layer having a higher total catalyst loading than the supported catalyst layer.
摘要:
An improved structure for gas diffusion electrodes and gas diffusion layers whereby fine gradients of porosity and hydrophobicity promote efficient gas transport, water removal and overall enhanced performance of Membrane Electrode Assemblies constructed with these components.
摘要:
A carbon-supported platinum catalyst obtained by chemical reduction of in situ-formed platinum dioxide on a carbon support and a method of production thereof.
摘要:
A carbon-supported platinum alloy catalyst obtained by simultaneous chemical reduction of in situ-formed platinum dioxide and of at least one transition metal hydrous oxide on a carbon support.