公开(公告)号：US4726840A

公开(公告)日：1988-02-23

申请号：US896937

申请日：1986-08-15

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Felix Muller ,  Gerhard Bruckmann

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Felix Muller ,  Gerhard Bruckmann

IPC分类号： C22B9/18 ,  C22B9/193 ,  B22D27/02

CPC分类号： C22B9/18

摘要： Method for the electroslag refining of metals of which at least 50 weight-percent are in the form of at least one current-carrying consumable electrode, especially one having alloy components with an affinity for oxygen, wherein the metals are remelted to an ingot through a molten bath of slag. To achieve the object of preventing oxidation, freckling, rings and white spots and at the same time produce a degassing, the following measures are undertaken: (a) the refining process is performed at a subatmospheric pressure, (b) the slag is an at least 80 weight-percent oxidic slag of oxides whose boiling points are above 2000.degree. C., and (c) the slag is heated by means of alternating current.

摘要翻译： 至少50重量％的金属的电渣精炼方法是至少一种载流自耗电极，特别是具有对氧气具有亲合力的合金组分的金属的方法，其中金属通过 熔渣熔渣 为了达到防止氧化，雀斑，环和白斑的目的，同时产生脱气，采取以下措施：（a）精炼过程在低于大气压下进行，（b）炉渣为 沸点高于2000℃的氧化物最少80重量％的氧化渣，（c）炉渣通过交流电加热。

公开(公告)号：US4881239A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-14

申请号：US201588

申请日：1988-06-02

申请人： Otto Stenzel ,  Felix Muller ,  Gerhard Bruckmann ,  Alok Choudhury

发明人： Otto Stenzel ,  Felix Muller ,  Gerhard Bruckmann ,  Alok Choudhury

IPC分类号： C22B9/20 ,  F27B3/08 ,  F27B3/28 ,  F27D19/00 ,  F27D21/00 ,  H05B7/144

CPC分类号： H05B7/144 ,  C22B9/20 ,  F27B3/085 ,  F27B3/28 ,  F27D21/00 ,  F27D2019/0087 ,  Y02P10/256 ,  Y02P10/259

摘要： Apparatus for the detection and evaluation of process parameters arising during the remelting of an electrode (31) to a metallic block (32) in a vacuum arc furnace detects deviations of at least one process parameter from a predetermined course and uses them to locate faults in the electrode and/or in the metal block (32).

摘要翻译： 用于检测和评估在真空电弧炉中将电极（31）重熔到金属块（32）时产生的工艺参数的检测和评估，检测至少一个工艺参数与预定工艺的偏差，并使用它们来定位故障 电极和/或金属块（32）中。

公开(公告)号：US5479438A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-26

申请号：US264726

申请日：1994-06-23

申请人： Mathias Blum ,  Alok Choudhury ,  Hans-Gunter Fellmann ,  Wilfried Goy ,  Franz Hugo ,  Felix Muller ,  Wolfgang Schwarz ,  Hardy Weisweiler

发明人： Mathias Blum ,  Alok Choudhury ,  Hans-Gunter Fellmann ,  Wilfried Goy ,  Franz Hugo ,  Felix Muller ,  Wolfgang Schwarz ,  Hardy Weisweiler

IPC分类号： F27B14/18 ,  B22D41/14 ,  F27B14/06 ,  F27D3/15 ,  F27D11/06 ,  H05B6/22

CPC分类号： B22D41/14 ,  F27B14/063 ,  F27D3/1509

摘要： In a melting crucible (3) a central bottom portion (27) is formed of a plurality of palisades (5) and is shaped so that the palisades together form a vessel or a pot (7) having a centrally disposed spout or outlet (8). Two independently powered induction coils (10, 11) are provided, one coil (10) externally surrounding the collar or upper part of the central bottom portion (27), and the other coil (11) externally surrounding the spout (8). The palisades (5) are separated from one another by individual gaps (6) running radially outwardly from the center, while the electromagnetic field of at least the upper coil (10) acts on the charge contained in the melting crucible through the gaps (6).

摘要翻译： 在熔化坩埚（3）中，中心底部（27）由多个栅栏（5）形成，并且成形为使得栅栏一起形成容器或具有中心设置的出口（8）的罐（7） ）。 设置有两个独立供电的感应线圈（10,11），一个线圈（10）从外部围绕中心底部（27）的轴环或上部，另一个线圈（11）在外部围绕喷口（8）。 栅栏（5）通过从中心径向向外延伸的各个间隙（6）彼此分开，而至少上部线圈（10）的电磁场通过间隙（6）作用在熔化坩埚中的电荷上 ）。

公开(公告)号：US5690891A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US594009

申请日：1996-01-30

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

IPC分类号： C22C1/00 ,  C21C5/52 ,  C22C1/02

CPC分类号： C21C5/5264 ,  C21C5/5241 ,  C22C1/02 ,  Y02P10/253

摘要： In a process for the production of alloys from at least two alloy components (A, B, C, D, . . . ) with different melting points by melting in an inductively heated cold-walled crucible (1) with a cooled crucible base (3), in order to obtain an exact and homogeneous alloy composition at least a part of the alloy components (A, B, C, D, . . . ) are introduced into the cold-walled crucible (1) consecutively and in stacked fashion where either a) the alloy component (a) in each case with the lower melting point is introduced first or b) the alloy component in each case with the lower density is introduced first and following the introduction at least one of further alloy component the heating energy is switched on. The process serves preferably for the production of the intermetallic phase TiAl, where firstly the aluminium and then the titanium are stacked in the cold-walled crucible (1).

摘要翻译： 在通过在感应加热的冷壁坩埚（1）中用冷却的坩埚基底（1）熔化而从具有不同熔点的至少两种合金组分（A，B，C，D ...）生产合金的方法中， 3），为了获得精确且均匀的合金组成，将至少一部分合金成分（A，B，C，D ...）连续并且以堆叠方式引入冷壁坩埚（1） 其中a）首先引入具有较低熔点的每种情况下的合金组分（a）或b）首先引入具有较低密度的每种情况下的合金组分，并且在引入至少一种其它合金组分的加热 能量打开。 该方法优选用于生产金属间相TiAl，其中首先将铝然后钛堆叠在冷壁坩埚（1）中。

公开(公告)号：US06443212B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-03

申请号：US09409629

申请日：1999-10-01

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Franz Hugo ,  Hans Günther Fellmann ,  Peter Busse ,  Thomas Ruppel ,  Alfred Henn

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Franz Hugo ,  Hans Günther Fellmann ,  Peter Busse ,  Thomas Ruppel ,  Alfred Henn

IPC分类号： B22D1304

CPC分类号： B22D13/06 ,  B22D13/101 ,  B22D21/005

摘要： Molds (1) with annular mold parts (2, 3) divided by at least one plane of division (E—E) and forming a plurality of cavities (8) disposed at least substantially radially to a centrifugation axis (A—A), serve for the production of precision castings by centrifugal casting, especially of parts made of materials containing titanium for internal combustion engines, the molds (1) and a casting system being contained in a closed chamber. To automate production, at least one mold part (2, 3) is made to rotate in its own rotational guide, and two mold parts (2, 3) together with the corresponding rotational guides are brought to a closed position for the casting and solidification and to an open position for the removal of the precision castings. When cast, the precision castings are preferably joined together at their radially inward pointing ends by a circumferential ring of the solidified metal and thus a circle of castings can be removed from the opened mold by a manipulating system.

摘要翻译： 具有环形模具部件（2,3）的模具（1）除以至少一个分割平面（EE）并形成至少基本径向设置于离心轴线（AA）的多个空腔（8），用于生产 的精密铸件通过离心铸造，特别是由用于内燃机的钛材料制成的部件，模具（1）和铸造系统被包含在封闭的腔室中。 为了自动化生产，使至少一个模具部件（2,3）在其自身的旋转引导件中旋转，并且两个模具部件（2,3）与相应的旋转导向件一起被带到关闭位置以进行铸造和固化 并且到达用于移除精密铸件的打开位置。 当铸造时，精密铸件优选地通过固化金属的周向环在其径向向内指向的端部处连接在一起，因此可以通过操纵系统从开模中移除一圈铸件。

公开(公告)号：US6027563A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-22

申请号：US799133

申请日：1997-02-13

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

IPC分类号： C30B11/14 ,  C30B11/00 ,  C30B29/06 ,  H01L21/208 ,  H01L31/18 ,  C30B15/20

CPC分类号： C30B29/06 ,  C30B11/003 ,  H01L31/1804 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521 ,  Y10T117/1056 ,  Y10T117/1064

摘要： For the oriented solidification of molten silicon to form an ingot in a bottomless crystallization chamber (9, 41) with a cooling body (11), which can be lowered relative to the chamber, the flat bottom surface of a seed body (25) of solid silicon is laid on the surface of the cooling body. The top surface of the seed body (25) is melted, and the ingot is grown on top of it as the cooling body is lowered by relative motion with respect to the crystallization chamber (9, 41) at a rate which is dependent on the supply of additional silicon and the solidification rate. For the purpose of producing large ingots with a coarsely crystalline to monocrystalline structure, a seed body (25) with a crystalline structure selected from the group ranging from coarsely crystalline to monocrystalline is used. Either lump silicon is placed on top of the seed body (25) and melted by induction, or molten silicon is produced in a forehearth (37) and poured onto the seed body (25). The seed body (25) has a thickness of 0.3-20 mm, and preferably of 1-10 mm.

摘要翻译： 对于熔融硅的取向固化，在具有可相对于室降低的冷却体（11）的无底结晶室（9,41）中形成锭，将种子体（25）的平坦底面 固体硅被放置在冷却体的表面上。 晶种（25）的顶表面被熔化，并且随着冷却体相对于结晶室（9,41）的相对运动而降低冷却体的晶锭在其顶部生长，速率取决于 供应额外的硅和凝固率。 为了生产具有粗晶体到单晶结构的大锭，使用具有从粗结晶到单晶范围的晶体结构的种子体（25）。 将块状硅放置在种子体（25）的顶部并通过感应熔化，或者在前炉（37）中产生熔融硅并倒入种子体（25）。 种子体（25）的厚度为0.3〜20mm，优选为1〜10mm。

公开(公告)号：US06408929B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09849045

申请日：2001-05-04

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Harald Scholz ,  Matthias Blum ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Marek Gorywoda ,  David Francis Lupton

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Harald Scholz ,  Matthias Blum ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Marek Gorywoda ,  David Francis Lupton

IPC分类号： B22D1306

摘要： In the production of precision castings by centrifugal casting with controlled solidification, a melt is cast under vacuum or shield gas into a pre-heated mold (15) with a central gate (19) and several mold cavities proceeding from the gate toward the outer circumference (Da) of the mold (15). To prevent the formation of shrinkholes and porous areas in the castings, to save energy, and to increase the production rate, the mold (15) is operated at temperatures which decrease from the inside toward the outside. The mold consists of a material or material combination with a coefficient of thermal conductivity lower than that of copper. Before the melt is poured, the mold (15) is heated, starting from the gate (19), by a heating device (20), which projects into the gate, so that the gate (19) reaches a temperature which is a function of the material being cast. Heating is carried out at a rate sufficient to produce a temperature Gradient of at least 100° C., preferably of 200-600° C., even more preferably of 300-500° C., between the inside circumference (Di) and the outside circumference (Da). The invention is used preferable for the production of precision castings of metals of the group titanium, titanium alloys with at least 40 wt. % of the titanium, and superalloys.

公开(公告)号：US06250366B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US08937995

申请日：1997-09-26

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Harald Scholz ,  Matthias Blum ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Marek Gorywoda ,  David Francis Lupton

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Harald Scholz ,  Matthias Blum ,  Georg Jarczyk ,  Marek Gorywoda ,  David Francis Lupton

IPC分类号： B22D1306

CPC分类号： B22D13/04 ,  B22D27/003 ,  B22D27/045 ,  B22D27/15

摘要： In the production of precision castings by centrifugal casting with controlled solidification, a melt is cast under vacuum or shield gas into a pre-heated mold (15) with a central gate (19) and several mold cavities proceeding from the gate toward the outer circumference (Da) of the mold (15). To prevent the formation of shrinkholes and porous areas in the castings, to save energy, and to increase the production rate, the mold (15) is operated at temperatures which decrease from the inside toward the outside. The mold consists of a material or material combination with a coefficient of thermal conductivity lower than that of copper. Before the melt is poured, the mold (15) is heated, starting from the gate (19), by a heating device (20), which projects into the gate, so that the gate (19) reaches a temperature which is a function of the material being cast. Heating is carried out at a rate sufficient to produce a temperature gradient of at least 100° C., preferably of 200-600° C., even more preferably of 300-500° C., between the inside circumference (Di) and the outside circumference (Da). The invention is used preferably for the production of precision castings of metals of the group titanium, titanium alloys with at least 40 wt. % of the titanium, and superalloys.

摘要翻译： 在通过具有受控凝固的离心铸造生产精密铸件时，将熔体在真空下或保护气体下铸入具有中心浇口（19）的预热模具（15）中，并且从浇口朝向外圆周 （15）的（Da）。 为了防止在铸件中形成收缩孔和多孔区域，为了节省能量并提高生产率，模具（15）在从内向外减小的温度下运行。 模具由材料或材料组合组成，其导热系数低于铜的导热系数。 在熔融物浇注之前，模具（15）从浇口（19）开始被加入装置（20）加热，加热装置（20）突入浇口，使得浇口（19）达到功能的温度 的材料被铸造。 以足以在内圆周（Di）和内径（Di）之间产生至少100℃，优选200-600℃，甚至更优选300-500℃的温度梯度的速率进行加热 外围（Da）。 本发明优选用于生产钛，钛合金金属的精密铸件，其具有至少40wt。 ％的钛和超级合金。

公开(公告)号：US5626179A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-06

申请号：US458904

申请日：1995-06-02

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Matthias Blum ,  Harald Scholz ,  Georg Jarczyk

IPC分类号： B22D21/02 ,  A61F2/00 ,  A61F2/30 ,  A61F2/32 ,  B22C9/06 ,  B22D13/04 ,  B22D13/06 ,  B22D13/10 ,  B22D27/15 ,  B22C1/00 ,  B22C3/00

CPC分类号： B22D13/04 ,  B22C9/061 ,  B22D13/066 ,  B22D13/102 ,  B22D27/15 ,  A61F2/32 ,  A61F2002/30957 ,  A61F2310/00023

摘要： In the production of castings from a melt of a reactive metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloys, and titanium-based alloys, a reusable casting mold (20) is used; the mold, at least in the area of the surface which comes in contact with the melt, consists of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, zirconium, and/or their alloys. The casting mold (20) preferably consists, at least in the area of the surface which comes in contact with the melt, of a tantalum based alloy containing at least 50 wt. % of tantalum. The casting molds can be made of a homogeneous metal, but it is also possible to insert shells of the metals in question into a base body to form the boundaries of the mold cavities, whereas the base body itself consists of some other metal or alloy or of a nonmetal such as graphite or silicon nitride. Insofar as the casting molds in question are molds for centrifugal casting, it is preferable to use titanium, a titanium alloy, or titanium aluminide as the nonmetal for the base body.

摘要翻译： 在从由钛，钛合金和钛基合金组成的组中选择的活性金属的熔体制造铸件时，使用可重复使用的铸模（20）; 模具至少在与熔体接触的表面区域中由至少一种选自钽，铌，锆和/或它们的合金的金属组成。 铸模（20）优选至少在与熔体接触的表面区域中包含含有至少50重量％的钽基合金的钽基合金。 ％的钽。 铸造模具可以由均质的金属制成，但是也可以将所讨论的金属的壳体插入基体中以形成模具腔的边界，而基体本身由一些其它金属或合金或 的非金属如石墨或氮化硅。 只要所涉及的铸型是用于离心铸造的模具，优选使用钛，钛合金或铝化铝作为基体的非金属。

公开(公告)号：US5480127A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US347958

申请日：1994-12-01

申请人： Alok Choudhury ,  Jochen Schumann ,  Harald Scholz ,  Jan-Erwin Schindler

发明人： Alok Choudhury ,  Jochen Schumann ,  Harald Scholz ,  Jan-Erwin Schindler

IPC分类号： C21C5/52 ,  C21C7/00 ,  C21B13/14

CPC分类号： C21C7/0075 ,  C21C5/5252

摘要： In a method for melting and treating metals and metal alloys, especially steels, solid charge material is melted in a ladle. Then while passing a gas through the melt at least part of the time, at least one of the treatments of decarburization, dephosphorization, deoxidation, desulfurization, alloying and removing nonmetallic inclusions is performed in the same ladle. An apparatus for the practice of the method has two tracks (W1, W2) for the ladle (5), which are aligned in an approximate T-shape to one another, a preheating station (9) and a slag removal station (14) being arranged in the top part of the T and, at the intersection between the top part and the stem between the preheating station (9) and the slag removal station (14), the first treatment station (10) with a heating system is disposed, and at the free end of the stem of the T a second treatment station (16) for the vacuum treatment is disposed.

摘要翻译： 在用于熔化和处理金属和金属合金，特别是钢的方法中，固体电荷材料在钢包中熔化。 然后在至少部分时间内通过熔体通入气体时，在同一个钢包中进行脱碳，脱磷，脱氧，脱硫，合金化和除去非金属夹杂物的处理中的至少一种。 用于实施该方法的装置具有用于钢包（5）的两个轨道（W1，W2），它们彼此大致T形排列，预热站（9）和除渣站（14） 布置在T的顶部，并且在预热站（9）和除渣站（14）之间的顶部和杆之间的交叉点处，设置具有加热系统的第一处理站（10） ，并且在T的杆的自由端处设置用于真空处理的第二处理站（16）。