公开(公告)号：US20080035480A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-14

申请号：US10593020

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Berndt Cramer ,  Bernd Schumann ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Ralf Liedtke

发明人： Berndt Cramer ,  Bernd Schumann ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Ralf Liedtke

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071

摘要： A sensor element for determining a physical property of a test gas, e.g., the concentration of a gas component in a gas mixture, in particular the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from internal combustion engines, has a solid electrolyte body, an external electrode exposed to the test gas situated on the solid electrolyte body, an internal electrode situated in the solid electrolyte body, and an electrical resistance heater which has a meandering heating surface situated in the solid electrolyte body, and is embedded in insulation. The external electrode is situated in a cavity formed in the solid electrolyte body to reduce the heat losses from the sensor element due to convection and radiation to the cold test gas flow.

摘要翻译： 用于确定测试气体的物理性能的传感器元件，例如气体混合物中的气体组分的浓度，特别是来自内燃机的废气中的氧气浓度，具有固体电解质体，外部电极暴露 位于固体电解质体上的测试气体，位于固体电解质体中的内部电极和电阻加热器，其具有位于固体电解质体中的曲折加热表面，并且被嵌入绝缘体中。 外部电极位于形成在固体电解质体中的空腔中，以减少由于对流和辐射而导致的传感器元件对冷试验气体流的热损失。

公开(公告)号：US08166803B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-01

申请号：US11886698

申请日：2006-01-25

申请人： Volker Haller ,  Markus Niemann ,  Thomas Hilberath ,  Gerald Hamm ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Monika Scherer ,  Udo Kaess

发明人： Volker Haller ,  Markus Niemann ,  Thomas Hilberath ,  Gerald Hamm ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Monika Scherer ,  Udo Kaess

IPC分类号： G01N33/28

CPC分类号： G01N33/2876 ,  G01N33/2888

摘要： The quantitative determination of aging effects on motor oil is of great interest. According to a method, two variables of the motor oil are detected, one of the two variables being the viscosity and the other variable being the acid content of the motor oil. A first deviation of the detected first variable from a default value is then determined, and the second variable is estimated based on the deviation. By determining a second deviation of the estimated second variable from the detected second variable, the second deviation is determined as a measure of the aging effect on the motor oil. Since various aging effects influence the two variables in different manners, individual aging effects may be quantitatively determined in a targeted manner.

摘要翻译： 对机油的老化影响的定量测定是非常有意义的。 根据一种方法，检测到机油的两个变量，两个变量之一是粘度，另一个变量是机油的酸含量。 然后确定检测到的第一变量与默认值的第一偏差，并且基于偏差来估计第二变量。 通过从所检测的第二变量确定估计的第二变量的第二偏差，将第二偏差确定为对机油的老化效应的量度。 由于各种老化效应以不同的方式影响两个变量，因此可以以有针对性的方式定量确定个体老化效应。

公开(公告)号：US20090211342A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US11886698

申请日：2006-01-25

申请人： Volker Haller ,  Markus Niemann ,  Thomas Hilberath ,  Gerald Hamm ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Monika Scherer ,  Udo Kaess

发明人： Volker Haller ,  Markus Niemann ,  Thomas Hilberath ,  Gerald Hamm ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Monika Scherer ,  Udo Kaess

IPC分类号： G01N33/28

CPC分类号： G01N33/2876 ,  G01N33/2888

摘要： The quantitative determination of aging effects on motor oil is of great interest. According to a method, two variables of the motor oil are detected, one of the two variables being the viscosity and the other variable being the acid content of the motor oil. A first deviation of the detected first variable from a default value is then determined, and the second variable is estimated based on the deviation. By determining a second deviation of the estimated second variable from the detected second variable, the second deviation is determined as a measure of the aging effect on the motor oil. Since various aging effects influence the two variables in different manners, individual aging effects may be quantitatively determined in a targeted manner.

摘要翻译： 对机油的老化影响的定量测定是非常有意义的。 根据一种方法，检测到机油的两个变量，两个变量之一是粘度，另一个变量是机油的酸含量。 然后确定检测到的第一变量与默认值的第一偏差，并且基于偏差来估计第二变量。 通过从所检测的第二变量确定估计的第二变量的第二偏差，将第二偏差确定为对机油的老化效应的量度。 由于各种老化效应以不同的方式影响两个变量，因此可以以有针对性的方式定量确定个体老化效应。

公开(公告)号：US08835222B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-16

申请号：US13623244

申请日：2012-09-20

申请人： Mathias Bruendel ,  Frieder Haag ,  Jens Frey ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Juergen Fritz ,  Lutz Rauscher

发明人： Mathias Bruendel ,  Frieder Haag ,  Jens Frey ,  Rolf Speicher ,  Juergen Fritz ,  Lutz Rauscher

IPC分类号： H01L21/00 ,  B81C1/00 ,  H01L21/56 ,  H01L21/50 ,  H01L23/48 ,  H01L23/00 ,  H01L23/544 ,  H01L21/768

CPC分类号： H01L23/48 ,  B81B2207/012 ,  B81B2207/096 ,  B81C1/00238 ,  B81C2203/0154 ,  B81C2203/0792 ,  H01L21/50 ,  H01L21/561 ,  H01L21/76898 ,  H01L23/544 ,  H01L24/11 ,  H01L24/13 ,  H01L24/17 ,  H01L24/81 ,  H01L24/92 ,  H01L24/94 ,  H01L24/97 ,  H01L2223/54426 ,  H01L2223/54466 ,  H01L2224/0401 ,  H01L2224/09181 ,  H01L2224/13025 ,  H01L2224/131 ,  H01L2224/13101 ,  H01L2224/16145 ,  H01L2224/16146 ,  H01L2224/16235 ,  H01L2224/17181 ,  H01L2224/9202 ,  H01L2224/94 ,  H01L2224/97 ,  H01L2924/01012 ,  H01L2924/1433 ,  H01L2924/1461 ,  H01L2924/181 ,  H01L2224/81 ,  H01L2924/014 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2224/11 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A method for producing a two-chip assembly includes: providing a wafer having a first thickness, which wafer has a front side and a back side, a first plurality of first chips being provided on the front side of the wafer; attaching a second plurality of second chips on the front side of the wafer, so that every first chip is joined in each instance to a second chip and forms a corresponding two-chip pair; forming a cohesive mold package on the front side of the wafer, so that the second chips are packaged; thinning the wafer from the back side to a second thickness which is less than the first thickness; forming vias from the back side to the second chips; and separating the two-chip pairs into corresponding two-chip assemblies.

摘要翻译： 一种用于制造双芯片组件的方法包括：提供具有第一厚度的晶片，该晶片具有前侧和后侧，在晶片的前侧设置有第一多个第一芯片; 在晶片的前侧附加第二多个第二芯片，使得每个第一芯片在每种情况下都连接到第二芯片并形成相应的双芯片对; 在所述晶片的前侧形成粘结的模具包，使得所述第二芯片被包装; 将晶片从背面变薄至小于第一厚度的第二厚度; 从后侧到第二芯片形成通孔; 并将两芯片对分离成相应的双芯片组件。