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公开(公告)号：US5427051A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US64386
申请日：1993-05-21
申请人： Randolph E. Maxwell , Curtis E. Scott , Mary S. Kaliszewski , Marshall G. Jones , Lionel M. Levinson , Carl E. Erikson
发明人： Randolph E. Maxwell , Curtis E. Scott , Mary S. Kaliszewski , Marshall G. Jones , Lionel M. Levinson , Carl E. Erikson
摘要： Polycrystalline alumina bodies have been converted to sapphire by a solid state conversion process in which a localized energy source is used to heat only a portion of the body to a temperature above 1800.degree. C. Using a laser as the energy source resulted in conversion to sapphire in less than an hour. The polycrystalline alumina bodies had a magnesia content below 50 wppm, an average grain size below 100 microns, and a density greater than 3.97 g/cc.
摘要翻译： 多晶氧化铝体已经通过固态转化过程转化为蓝宝石，其中局部能量源仅用于将身体的一部分加热至高于1800℃的温度。使用激光作为能量源导致转化为蓝宝石 在不到一个小时内。 多晶氧化铝体的氧化镁含量低于50wppm，平均粒度小于100微米，密度大于3.97g / cc。
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公开(公告)号：US5451553A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-19
申请号：US126954
申请日：1993-09-24
IPC分类号： C04B35/115 , C30B1/02 , C30B1/04 , C30B1/10 , C30B29/20
摘要： A solid state process for the bulk conversion of a dense polycrystalline ceramic body to a single crystal body has been accomplished by heating the polycrystalline material to a temperature above one-half of the melting temperature of the material but below the melting point of the material. As the process is a solid state process, no melting of the ceramic body is necessary to convert it to a single crystal. The process has been used to convert a dense polycrystalline alumina body (PCA) containing less than 100 wppm of magnesia to sapphire (single crystal alumina) by heating the PCA to temperatures above 1100.degree. C. but below 2050.degree. C., the melting point of alumina.
摘要翻译： 已经通过将多晶材料加热到材料的熔融温度的一半以上但低于材料的熔点的温度来实现将致密多晶陶瓷体大量转化成单晶体的固态工艺。 由于该工艺是固态工艺，因此陶瓷体的熔化不需要将其转化为单晶。 该方法已被用于通过将PCA加热到高于1100℃但低于2050℃的温度将含有小于100wppm的氧化镁的致密多晶氧化铝体（PCA）转化为蓝宝石（单晶氧化铝），熔点 的氧化铝。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5394057A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US927105
申请日：1992-08-07
申请人： Timothy D. Russell , Curtis E. Scott , Charles N. Stewart , Ranajit K. Datta , Mary S. Kaliszewski , Paul G. Mathews
发明人： Timothy D. Russell , Curtis E. Scott , Charles N. Stewart , Ranajit K. Datta , Mary S. Kaliszewski , Paul G. Mathews
CPC分类号： C04B41/5024 , C03C17/02 , H01J61/35 , H01J61/827
摘要： An arc tube of fused silica for a metal halide arc discharge lamp including a fill for the arc tube comprised of a sodium halide, at least one additional metal halide, and an inert starting gas, the arc tube including a tube of fused silica having an inner wall defining an arc chamber, the inner wall of the tube having provided thereon a metal silicate coating which is vitreous and light-transmissive, and which is comprised of a silicate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting essentially of scandium, yttrium, and a rare earth element, and preferably which is the same metal as that of the at least one additional metal halide. Protection of the fused silica arc tube with the metal silicate coating reduces loss of the metallic portion of the fill by diffusion or reaction and corresponding buildup of free halogen in the arc tube.
摘要翻译： 一种用于金属卤化物电弧放电灯的熔融石英电弧管，其包括由卤化钠，至少一种附加的金属卤化物和惰性起始气体组成的电弧管的填充物，所述电弧管包括熔融石英管，其具有 内壁限定电弧室，所述管的内壁上设置有玻璃质和透光性的金属硅酸盐涂层，所述金属硅酸盐涂层由至少一种金属的硅酸盐组成，所述金属选自基本上由钪，钇 和稀土元素，优选与至少一种另外的金属卤化物相同的金属。 用金属硅酸盐涂层保护熔融石英电弧管通过扩散或反应减少填充物的金属部分的损失，并且在电弧管中相应地形成游离卤素。
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公开(公告)号：US5588992A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US552700
申请日：1995-11-03
摘要： A solid state method of converting a polycrystalline ceramic body to a single crystal body includes the steps of doping the polycrystalline ceramic material with a conversion-enhancing dopant and then heating the polycrystalline body at a selected temperature for a selected time sufficient to convert the polycrystalline body to a single crystal. The selected temperature is less than the melting temperature of the polycrystalline material and greater than about one-half the melting temperature of the material. In the conversion of polycrystalline alumina to single crystal alumina (sapphire), examples of conversion-enhancing dopants include cations having a +3 valence, such as chromium, gallium, and titanium. The polycrystalline body further can be inhomogeneously doped to form a first portion of the polycrystalline body that is doped to the selected level of the conversion-enhancing dopant and a second portion that is not doped such that heating the doped polycrystalline body causes conversion of first portion to a single crystal structure and the second portion retains a polycrystalline structure.
摘要翻译： 将多晶陶瓷体转换为单晶体的固态方法包括以下步骤：用转化增强掺杂剂掺杂多晶陶瓷材料，然后在所选择的温度下加热多晶体一段足以将多晶体转变的选定时间 到单晶。 所选择的温度小于多晶材料的熔化温度并且大于材料的熔融温度的约一半。 在将多晶氧化铝转化为单晶氧化铝（蓝宝石）时，转化增强掺杂剂的实例包括具有+3价的阳离子，例如铬，镓和钛。 多晶体还可以不均匀地掺杂以形成掺杂到转化增强掺杂剂的选定水平的多晶体的第一部分和不掺杂的第二部分，使得加热掺杂的多晶体导致第一部分的转化 到单晶结构，第二部分保留多晶结构。
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公开(公告)号：US5487353A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-30
申请号：US195187
申请日：1994-02-14
摘要： A solid state method of converting a polycrystalline ceramic body to a single crystal body includes the steps of doping the polycrystalline ceramic material with a conversion-enhancing dopant and then heating the polycrystalline body at a selected temperature for a selected time sufficient to convert the polycrystalline body to a single crystal. The selected temperature is less than the melting temperature of the polycrystalline material and greater than about one-half the melting temperature of the material. In the conversion of polycrystalline alumina to single crystal alumina (sapphire), examples of conversion-enhancing dopants include cations having a +3 valence, such as chromium, gallium, and titanium. The polycrystalline body further can be inhomogeneously doped to form a first portion of the polycrystalline body that is doped to the selected level of the conversion-enhancing dopant and a second portion that is not doped such that heating the doped polycrystalline body causes conversion of first portion to a single crystal structure and the second portion retains a polycrystalline structure.
摘要翻译： 将多晶陶瓷体转换为单晶体的固态方法包括以下步骤：用转化增强掺杂剂掺杂多晶陶瓷材料，然后在所选择的温度下加热多晶体一段足以将多晶体转变的选定时间 到单晶。 所选择的温度小于多晶材料的熔化温度并且大于材料的熔融温度的约一半。 在将多晶氧化铝转化为单晶氧化铝（蓝宝石）时，转化增强掺杂剂的实例包括具有+3价的阳离子，例如铬，镓和钛。 多晶体还可以不均匀地掺杂以形成掺杂到转化增强掺杂剂的选定水平的多晶体的第一部分和不掺杂的第二部分，使得加热掺杂的多晶体导致第一部分的转化 到单晶结构，第二部分保留多晶结构。
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6.发明授权Solid state thermal conversion of polycrystalline alumina to sapphire using a seed crystal 失效使用晶种将多晶氧化铝固体热转化为蓝宝石
公开(公告)号：US5549746A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US126628
申请日：1993-09-24
摘要： A solid state seed crystal process for bulk conversion of a polycrystalline ceramic body to a single crystal body (of the same chemical composition) having the same crystal orientation as the seed crystal. The process comprises heating said body to form a monolithic join between the body and the seed crystal, heating the joined structure to reduce grain growth inhibitors and further heating the joined structure above the minimum temperature required for crystallite growth of the crystalline material, but not hot enough to melt and distort the original shape of the polycrystalline ceramic body during its conversion to a single crystal. This process has been used to convert polycrystalline alumina (PCA) bodies to sapphire having the same crystal orientation as the seed crystal by heating the PCA body, monolithically joined to a sapphire seed crystal, at a temperature above 1700.degree. C. without melting the body.
摘要翻译： 用于将多晶陶瓷体大量转化成具有与晶种相同的晶体取向的单晶体（相同的化学组成）的固态晶种方法。 该方法包括加热所述主体以在主体和晶种之间形成整体连接，加热接合的结构以减少晶粒生长抑制剂并进一步加热接合结构高于结晶材料微晶生长所需的最低温度，但不热 足以熔化和扭曲多晶陶瓷体在其转变成单晶时的原始形状。 已经使用该方法将多晶氧化铝（PCA）体转变为具有与晶种相同的晶体取向的蓝宝石，通过加热在1700℃以上的温度下单体连接到蓝宝石晶种的PCA体，而不熔化本体 。
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7.发明授权Conversion of polycrystalline material to single crystal material using bodies having a selected surface topography 失效使用具有选定表面形貌的主体将多晶材料转化为单晶材料
公开(公告)号：US5540182A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-30
申请号：US126830
申请日：1993-09-24
摘要： A solid step process for convening a polycrystalline body to a single crystal body includes the steps of forming a selected surface topography on the body and then heating the body at a temperature below its melting temperature for a time sufficient to substantially convert the polycrystalline material to single crystal material. The surface topography includes depressions or protrusions from the body having sidewalls of the polycrystalline material that are disposed to intersect one another at junctions forming relatively sharp corners, and the dimensions of the sidewalls are greater than the average grain size of the polycrystalline material. Typically alumina is the polycrystalline material and surface features include grooves or the like. The patterned alumina body with the selected surface topography is heated to a temperature between 1800.degree. and 2000.degree. C. in one or more cycles to convert the polycrystalline alumina to sapphire.
摘要翻译： 用于将多晶体聚合到单晶体的固体步骤包括以下步骤：在体上形成所选择的表面形貌，然后在低于其熔融温度的温度下加热体，所述时间足以将多晶材料基本上转化为单 水晶材料。 表面形貌包括来自具有多晶材料侧壁的主体的凹陷或突起，所述侧壁设置成在形成相对尖锐的拐角处的接合处彼此相交，并且侧壁的尺寸大于多晶材料的平均晶粒尺寸。 通常，氧化铝是多晶材料，表面特征包括凹槽等。 将具有所选表面形貌的图案化氧化铝体在一个或多个循环中加热至1800℃至2000℃的温度以将多晶氧化铝转化为蓝宝石。
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公开(公告)号：US6126887A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US364435
申请日：1999-07-30
CPC分类号： H01J9/266
摘要： A method of manufacturing a ceramic arc chamber (420) comprising providing a sintering tray (412) including a plurality of bores (422). The bores (422) having a first diameter upper section (424) and a second narrower diameter lower section (426). Positioning a plurality of ceramic end caps (212) having a main body portion (216), and a leg portion (219) in the bores (422) such that the leg portion (219) passes downwardly through the narrower diameter lower section (426) and the main body portion (216) is retained within the upper section (424). Moreover, the second diameter lower section (426) acts as a shoulder supporting the end cap (210). Next, a ceramic arc tube (214) is positioned within the first diameter upper section (424) and mated with the ceramic end cap (212). A second end cap (210) is mated to a second upper open end of the ceramic arc tube (214) to form an arc tube preform (420). The arc tube preforms (420) are then sintered to join the components via controlled shrinkage.
摘要翻译： 一种制造陶瓷电弧室（420）的方法，包括提供包括多个孔（422）的烧结托盘（412）。 所述孔（422）具有第一直径上部（424）和第二较窄直径下部（426）。 将具有主体部分（216）的多个陶瓷端盖（212）和腿部（422）中的腿部（219）定位成使得腿部（219）向下通过较窄直径的下部（426） ），主体部（216）保持在上部（424）内。 此外，第二直径下部（426）用作支撑端盖（210）的肩部。 接下来，陶瓷电弧管（214）定位在第一直径上部分（424）内并与陶瓷端盖（212）配合。 第二端盖（210）与陶瓷电弧管（214）的第二上开口端相配合以形成电弧管预制件（420）。 然后将电弧管预成型件（420）烧结以通过受控收缩连接部件。
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9.发明授权Method, composition, and means for limiting lead wire arcing in an arc discharge lamp 失效用于限制电弧放电灯中引线电弧的方法，组成和装置
公开(公告)号：US5449971A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US113036
申请日：1993-08-31
CPC分类号： H01J61/36
摘要： A material is provided on the lead wires that support a filament of a fluorescent lamp assembly to inhibit arcing associated with filament burnout. The material comprises a glass that is non-alkaline. Another preferred arrangement is to incorporate a material into the assembly that will release an arc inhibiting gas in response to arcing of the lead wires. For example, a calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate material releases carbon dioxide to terminate undesired lead wire arcing.
摘要翻译： 在引线上提供一种材料，其支撑荧光灯组件的细丝以抑制与灯丝烧坏相关的电弧。 该材料包括非碱性的玻璃。 另一个优选的布置是将材料结合到组件中，其将响应于引线的电弧放电而释放电弧抑制气体。 例如，碳酸钙或碳酸锶材料释放二氧化碳以终止不期望的引线电弧。
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公开(公告)号：US5412280A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-02
申请号：US228849
申请日：1994-04-18
CPC分类号： H01J61/56 , H01J61/302 , H01J61/35 , H01J65/048
摘要： Disclosed is an electrodeless, low pressure gas discharge lamp. The lamp includes a vitreous envelope containing a metal vapor and an inert gas. The envelope is shaped with an external chamber for receiving an electrical excitation circuit. The excitation circuit is effective for exciting the metal vapor to emit light with electromagnetic fields that are passed through the vitreous envelope from outside, to inside, the envelope. A circuit supplies electrical power from power mains to the excitation circuit. A transparent, electrically conductive coating is disposed on the inner surface of the vitreous envelope for suppressing electromagnetic interference on the power mains. An electrically conductive coating is disposed on the outer surface of the vitreous envelope; it is capacitively coupled to the inner conductive coating, via a wall of the vitreous envelope, and is maintained at a suitable potential for suppressing electromagnetic interference on the power mains. The outer conductive coating comprises a matrix of a contiguous, inorganic, glass layer bonded to an exterior surface of the vitreous envelope, and conductive particles embedded in the matrix in a sufficiently dense manner to form a conductive coating.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种无电极低压气体放电灯。 该灯包括含有金属蒸气和惰性气体的玻璃质外壳。 外壳成形为具有用于接收电激励电路的外部室。 励磁电路有效地激发金属蒸气发射光，其中电磁场通过玻璃密封从外部到内部通过信封。 电路将电力从电源提供给励磁电路。 透明的导电涂层设置在玻璃质封套的内表面上，用于抑制电源上的电磁干扰。 导电涂层设置在玻璃体外壳的外表面上; 其通过玻璃体外壳的壁电容耦合到内部导电涂层，并且被保持在用于抑制电力电源上的电磁干扰的适当电位。 外部导电涂层包括结合到玻璃体外壳的外表面的邻接的无机玻璃层的基质和以足够密集的方式嵌入基质中的导电颗粒以形成导电涂层。
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