摘要:
Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I) in a molar ratio of from 0.5 to 5 is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, from 10 to 100% by weight of the secondary components present therein are separated off and formic acid is removed by distillation in a distillation apparatus at a bottom temperature of from 100 to 300° C. and a pressure of from 30 to 3000 hPa abs from the liquid stream obtained, the bottom discharge from the distillation apparatus being separated into two liquid phases and the upper liquid phase being recycled to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase being recycled for separating off the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus.
摘要:
Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I) in a molar ratio of from 0.5 to 5 is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, from 10 to 100% by weight of the secondary components present therein are separated off and formic acid is removed by distillation in a distillation apparatus at a bottom temperature of from 100 to 300° C. and a pressure of from 30 to 3000 hPa abs from the liquid stream obtained, the bottom discharge from the distillation apparatus being separated into two liquid phases and the upper liquid phase being recycled to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase being recycled for separating off the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus.
摘要:
Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid, tertiary amine (I) and water is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed and formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, wherein the stream comprising water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) which have been separated off is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed and the lower, water-comprising liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source.
摘要:
A process for oxidizing an organic compound having at least one C—C double bond or a mixture of two or more thereof comprises the following steps: (I) preparing a hydroperoxide, (II) reacting an organic compound having at least one C—C double bond or a mixture of two or more thereof with the hydroperoxide prepared in step (I) in the presence of a zeolite catalyst, (III) regenerating the at least partially deactivated zeolite catalyst used in step (II), and (IV) conducting the reaction of step (II) using a zeolite catalyst containing the catalyst regenerated in step (III).
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of organic compounds by means of oxygen, in which, in a first step, the organic compound and at least part of the oxygen required for the oxidation are introduced into a first reaction zone which is operated isothermally and with backmixing and, in a second step, the reaction mixture from the first reaction zone is introduced into a second reaction zone which is operated adiabatically. The invention further relates to a reactor for carrying out the process, which comprises at least one isothermal reaction zone (3, 5) and an adiabatic reaction zone (7) which are arranged in a reactor shell (8), with each isothermal reaction zone (3, 5) being configured in the form of a jet loop reactor and the adiabatic reaction zone (7) being configured as a bubble column.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for oxidizing at least one organic substance with oxygen, which comprises the following steps: (a) adding the at least one organic substance as a liquid and an oxygenous gas stream to a first reaction stage to form a reaction mixture, at least some of the oxygen reacting with the organic compound to form a reaction product, (b) adding the reaction mixture from the first reaction stage to an adiabatically operated reaction stage in which the unconverted organic substance reacts further at least partly to give the product. The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the process.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in the presence of a ruthenium-carbene complex supported on silicon dioxide in a continuously operated reactor and also the use of corresponding supported catalysts in continuously operated reactors.
摘要:
Ketones of the formula II where A is optionally alkyl-substituted C2-C12-alkanediyl, R1 and R2 are each, independently of one another, C1-C6-alkyl, or R1 and R2 together form optionally alkyl-substituted C3-C10-alkanediyl, and R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, are prepared by reacting a cyclic olefin of the formula I with dinitrogen monoxide to form the ketone of the formula II. The ketone of the formula II can be further hydrogenated to form the saturated ketone of the formula III. Macrocyclic ketones of the formula III, e.g. muscone, are sought after as fragrances.
摘要:
The invention relates to a tube bundle reactor with a flat feed hood. Alternatively, the release hood may also have a flat design. The flat design reduces the heat of reaction which arises in the hood in the case of reaction types which take place not only in the tube bundle (uncatalyzed reactions and reactions with homogeneously distributed catalyst). This greatly suppresses undesired reactions which already take place in the hood owing to accumulated heat, which achieves a higher selectivity in the case of thermally sensitive reactions. In addition, the thermal distribution within the hoods can be controlled precisely.The tube bundle reactor comprises a tube bundle which has a feed end which is connected to a feed hood of the tube bundle reactor, wherein the feed hood is configured in a flat design with a cross-sectional area at the feed end and an internal volume, and the ratio of internal volume to cross-sectional area is less than 0.35 m. The invention is further implemented by means of a process for operating a tube bundle reactor, comprising: introducing a reactant mixture into a tube bundle and converting at least a proportion of the reactant mixture within the tube bundle to a product. The introducing comprises: feeding the reactant mixture into an interior of a feed hood of the tube bundle reactor and passing the reactant mixture on into a feed end of the tube bundle in the form of a fluid stream. The fluid stream has a cross-sectional area on entry into the feed end, and the interior of the feed hood through which the fluid stream flows has an internal volume; where the ratio of internal volume to cross-sectional area is less than 0.35 m.
摘要:
The invention provides a method for producing polyols, comprising the steps of a) reacting unsaturated natural fats, unsaturated natural fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters with dinitrogen monoxide, b) reacting the product obtained in step a) with hydrogen using a heterogeneous catalyst.