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    Noninvasive system for characterizing tissue in vivo
    6.
    发明授权
    Noninvasive system for characterizing tissue in vivo 失效
    用于表征体内组织的无创系统

    公开(公告)号：US5807261A

    公开(公告)日：1998-09-15

    申请号：US486604

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： David A. Benaron ,  Daniel S. Goldberger ,  David E. Goodman ,  Robert S. Smith

    发明人： David A. Benaron ,  Daniel S. Goldberger ,  David E. Goodman ,  Robert S. Smith

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B17/00 ,  A61B17/068 ,  A61B17/28 ,  A61B17/34 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B19/00 ,  G01N21/47 ,  A61B6/00

    CPC分类号： A61B17/3417 ,  A61B17/3494 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/0086 ,  A61B5/6848 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  A61B17/068 ,  A61B17/29 ,  A61B17/3474 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B2017/00022 ,  A61B2017/00057 ,  A61B2017/00061 ,  A61B2017/00119 ,  A61B2017/00123 ,  A61B2017/00508 ,  A61B2017/00557 ,  A61B2090/3614 ,  A61B2560/0276 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/08 ,  A61B5/0075

    摘要： A tool for nondestructive interrogation of the tissue including a light source emitter and detector which may be mounted directly on the surgical tool in a tissue contacting surface for interrogation or mounted remotely and guided to the surgical field with fiber optic cables. The light source may be broadband and wavelength differentiation can be accomplished at the detector via filters or gratings, or using time, frequency, or space resolved methods. Alternatively, n discrete monochromatic light sources may be provided which are subsequently multiplexed into a single detector by time or by frequency multiplexing. The optical sensing elements can be built into a surgical tool end effector tip such as a tissue grasping tool which has cooperating jaws (bivalve or multi-element). In the preferred embodiment the light source (or the fiber optic guide) is mounted on one jaw and the detector (or fiber optic guide) is mounted in the opposing jaw so that the light emitter and detector are facing one another either directly (i.e., on the same optical axis when the tool is closed) or acutely (i.e., with intersecting optical axes so that the light emitted is detected). In this case, the sensor is working in a transmission modality. Arrangements with the optical components mounted on the same member of a single member or a multi member structure, operating in a reflective modality, are disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于非破坏性询问组织的工具，包括光源发射器和检测器，其可以直接安装在组织接触表面上的外科手术器件上用于询问或远程安装并且用光纤电缆引导到外科手术区域。 光源可以是宽带的，并且可以在检测器通过滤波器或光栅，或者使用时间，频率或空间分辨的方法来实现波长分化。 或者，可以提供n个离散单色光源，其随后通过时间或通过频率复用复用到单个检测器中。 光学感测元件可以内置在外科工具末端执行器尖端中，例如具有配合的钳口（双壳体或多元件）的组织抓取工具。 在优选实施例中，光源（或光纤引导件）安装在一个钳口上，并且检测器（或光纤引导件）安装在相对的钳口中，使得发光器和检测器直接彼此面对（即， 在工具关闭时在相同的光轴上）或锐利地（即，具有相交的光轴，使得检测到发射的光）。 在这种情况下，传感器以传输模式工作。 公开了以反射模式操作的安装在单个构件或多构件结构的同一构件上的光学构件的布置。

    Tissue penetrating apparatus and methods
    7.
    发明授权
    Tissue penetrating apparatus and methods 失效
    组织穿透装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5460182A

    公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

    申请号：US944516

    申请日：1992-09-14

    申请人： David E. Goodman ,  Daniel S. Goldberger

    发明人： David E. Goodman ,  Daniel S. Goldberger

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B17/00 ,  A61B17/068 ,  A61B17/28 ,  A61B17/34 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B19/00 ,  A61B6/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/6848 ,  A61B17/3417 ,  A61B17/3494 ,  A61B18/00 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/0086 ,  A61B17/068 ,  A61B17/29 ,  A61B17/3474 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B2017/00022 ,  A61B2017/00057 ,  A61B2017/00061 ,  A61B2017/00119 ,  A61B2017/00123 ,  A61B2017/00508 ,  A61B2017/00557 ,  A61B2090/3614 ,  A61B2560/0276 ,  A61B2562/08

    摘要： A tissue penetrating apparatus including a surgical appliance having a sharp tip for penetrating tissue, a first optical element for emitting one or more selected monochromatic wavelengths of light, and a second optical element for sensing light corresponding to the one or more selected monochromatic wavelengths of light. The first and second optical elements are optical transmission fibers secured to the appliance proximate to the tip so that one fiber passes one or more monochromatic wavelengths of light into the tissue to be penetrated, and the other fiber passes the light sensed to a light detector. A control circuit is used to illuminate the one or more light sources to emit light out one of the first and second optical fibers, and to provide an electrical signal corresponding to the light sensed at the other of the first and second optical fibers. The electrical signal includes sensed light at each of the monochromatic wavelengths of light emitted, and sensed light in the absence of emitted light. An analysis circuit or a microprocessor based device may be used for processing the electrical signals and determining when the appliance tip has entered a body cavity. An annunciator is actuated to indicate the relative extent of passage through the tissue and when penetration has occurred.

    摘要翻译： 一种组织穿透装置，其包括具有用于穿透组织的尖锐尖端的外科器具，用于发射一个或多个所选择的单色波长的光的第一光学元件和用于感测与所述一个或多个选定的单色波长的光对应的光的第二光学元件 。 第一和第二光学元件是固定到靠近尖端的器具的光传输光纤，使得一个光纤将一个或多个单色波长的光通过要被穿透的组织中，并且另一个光纤将感测到的光通过光检测器。 控制电路用于照亮一个或多个光源以发出第一和第二光纤之一的光，并且提供对应于在第一和第二光纤中的另一个处感测的光的电信号。 电信号包括在发射的光的每个单色波长处的感测光，以及在没有发射光的情况下感测到的光。 可以使用分析电路或基于微处理器的设备来处理电信号并确定器具尖端何时进入体腔。 启动信号器以指示通过组织的相对程度，并且当穿透发生时。

    Method and apparatus for detecting optical pulses
    9.
    再颁专利
    Method and apparatus for detecting optical pulses 失效

    公开(公告)号：USRE35122E

    公开(公告)日：1995-12-19

    申请号：US840437

    申请日：1992-02-24

    申请人： James E. Corenman ,  Robert T. Stone ,  Andras Boross ,  Deborah A. Briggs ,  David E. Goodman

    发明人： James E. Corenman ,  Robert T. Stone ,  Andras Boross ,  Deborah A. Briggs ,  David E. Goodman

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/7203 ,  A61B5/7207 ,  A61B5/7257

    摘要： A method and apparatus for improving the calculation of oxygen saturation and other blood constituents by non-invasive pulse oximeters. The method and apparatus permit more accurate determination of blood flow by collecting time-measures of the absorption signal at two or more wavelengths and processing the collected time-measure to obtain composite pulsatile flow data from which artifacts have been filtered. The processing may occur in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the preferred time domain embodiment, successive portions of periodic information are weighted and added together in synchrony to obtain the composite pulse information. In the preferred frequency domain embodiment, the time-measure is Fourier transformed into its spectral components to form the composite information. A new method and apparatus for correlating the heartbeat and optical pulse is provided whereby a product of the ECG R-wave and optical pulse signals corresponding to the same heartbeat is obtained, and one signal is time shifted relative to the other until a maximum waveform product corresponding to the heartbeat is determined.

    Method and apparatus for detecting optical pulses
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for detecting optical pulses 失效
    用于检测光脉冲的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4928692A

    公开(公告)日：1990-05-29

    申请号：US275727

    申请日：1988-11-23

    申请人： David E. Goodman ,  James E. Corenman

    发明人： David E. Goodman ,  James E. Corenman

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/0245 ,  A61B5/0428 ,  A61B5/02

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/0245 ,  A61B5/04282 ,  A61B5/7207

    摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring and correlating a patient's heart activity with optical detection of the patient's blood flow. The method and apparatus permit more accurate determination of blood flow characteristics such as oxygen saturation and pulse rate. In a preferred embodiment, the heart activity is detected by monitoring the patient's EKG waveform, and the blood flow is detected by a non-invasive pulse oximeter. The occurrence of the R wave portion of the EKG signal is detected and the time delay by which an arterial pulse follows the R wave is determined to establish a time window in which an arterial is to be expected. The established time window provides the oximeter with a parameter enabling the oximeter to analyze the blood flow only when it is likely to present an arterial blood pulse for waveform analysis. The invention also includes adjusting the polarity of the detected EKG signal to have a preselected uniform upgoing or downgoing polarity.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于测量和关联患者的心脏活动与患者血流的光学检测的方法和装置。 该方法和装置允许更精确地确定诸如氧饱和度和脉率之类的血流特性。 在优选实施例中，通过监测患者的EKG波形来检测心脏活动，并且通过非侵入式脉搏血氧计检测血流量。 检测到EKG信号的R波部分的出现，并且确定动脉脉冲跟随R波的时间延迟以建立其中预期动脉的时间窗口。 建立的时间窗口为血氧计提供了一个参数，使血氧计仅在可能出现动脉血脉以进行波形分析时分析血流量。 本发明还包括调整检测到的EKG信号的极性以具有预选的均匀上行或下行极性。