摘要:
A rotary valve provides single point flow control of coolant within the cooling system of an internal combustion engine. The valve distributes coolant flow from the engine in predetermined flow modes to either 1) the radiator and heater simultaneously, 2) a bypass circuit only, 3) the heater only, or 4) the radiator and bypass simultaneously. The single-point coolant control results in advantages of shorter warm-up times, a lower pressure drop (reducing power consumption by the pump), reduced engine emissions and fuel consumption, improved cabin heater performance, and improved engine durability due to reduced thermal shocks to the engine components by virtue of more precise control of engine operating temperature.
摘要:
A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a Time of Flight mass analyzer comprising an ion detector comprising an Analog to Digital Converter. Signals from the Analog to Digital Converter are digitized and the arrival time and intensity of ions are determined. The arrival time T0 and intensity S0 of each ion arrival event is converted into two separate intensities S(n),S(n+i) which are stored in neighboring time bins T(n), T(n+1).
摘要:
A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a 2D or 3D ion trap. The 2D ion trap comprises a quadrupole rod set ion trap wherein a slot is provided in each of the rods to allow ions to be ejected radially from the ion trap. The 3D ion trap comprises a central ring electrode which is radially segmented and wherein a slot is provided in each radial segment to allow ions to be ejected radially from the ion trap. Ions having different mass to charge ratios and/or opposite polarities may be simultaneously ejected from the ion trap via different exit pathways.
摘要:
A method of determining the arrival time of one or more ions at an ion detector is disclosed. Ions arriving at the ion detector produce a signal and the time when a leading edge of the signal and when a trailing edge of the signal cross an intensity threshold are determined. The two times are then averaged to provide an ion arrival time.
摘要:
A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a quadrupole rod set ion trap (2, 3) wherein a potential field is created at the exit of the ion trap (4, 5) which decreases with increasing radius in one radial direction. Ions within the ion trap (2, 3) are mass selectively excited in a radial direction. Ions which have been excited in the radial direction experience a potential field which no longer confines the ions axially within the ion trap but which instead acts to extract the ions and hence causes the ions to be ejected axially from the ion trap (2, 3).
摘要:
A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an orthogonal acceleration Time of Flight mass analyser. A pulse or packet of ions is released either from an ion trap (7) or alternatively from a travelling wave ion guide arranged upstream of an orthogonal acceleration electrode (2) which forms part of the Time of Flight mass analyser. Ions in the pulse or packet of ions which is released become temporally dispersed and the orthogonal acceleration electrode (2) is energised multiple times prior the release of a subsequent pulse or packet of ions.
摘要:
Systems and methods for a network device to update timing packets to reflect delay are provided. A timing packet processor is externally connected to the network device. All timing packets are processed by the timing packet processor. The timing packets are updated to reflect an estimate of delay introduced by the network device.
摘要:
An ion guide or ion trap (1) is disclosed comprising a segmented linear ion guide or ion trap. Ions are confined radially within the ion guide or ion trap (1) by the application of an AC or RF voltage to the electrodes. A static potential well is maintained along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or ion trap (1). A time varying homogeneous electric field is applied along at least a portion of the axial length of the ion guide or ion trap (1). The combination of the static axial potential well and the time varying axial homogeneous electric field causes ions to be ejected from the ion guide or ion trap (1) in a substantially non-resonant manner.
摘要:
An ion guide or mass analyser (2) is disclosed comprising a plurality of electrodes (2a) having apertures through which ions are transmitted in use. A pseudo-potential barrier is created at the exit of the ion guide or mass analyser (2). The amplitude or depth of the pseudo-potential barrier is inversely proportional to the mass to charge ratio of an ion. One or more transient DC voltages (4) are applied to the electrodes (2a) of the ion guide or mass analyser (2) in order to urge ions along the length of the ion guides or mass analyser (2). The amplitude of the transient DC voltage (4) applied to the electrode (2a) may be increased with time so that ions are caused to be emitted from the ion guide or mass analyser (2) in reverse order of their mass to charge ratio.
摘要:
An ion trap mass analyser (1) is disclosed comprising a segmented rod set. Ions are trapped radially within the mass analyser by a radial pseudo-potential well. The ions are also confined axially within the ion trap by an axial electric field. The axial electric field is substantially linear across the central section of the ion trap, but the electric field is distorted across both ends of the ion trap. A supplemental AC voltage or potential is applied to the electrodes comprising the ion trap mass analyser (1) in order to excite resonantly ions within the ion trap (1). The distortions in the electric field at the ends of the ion trap cause the resonant frequency of ions within the ion trap to shift to either a higher or lower frequency. If the frequency of the supplemental AC voltage or potential is scanned appropriately then ions are ejected from the ion trap in a shorter period of time leading to an improvement in mass resolution.