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公开(公告)号：US5527877A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US298076
申请日：1994-08-30
申请人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Biing L. Lee , Glenn A. Taylor , Angelo J. Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
发明人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Biing L. Lee , Glenn A. Taylor , Angelo J. Magistro , Hendra Ng , Kevin McAlea , Paul F. Forderhase
IPC分类号： C08L101/00 , B29C35/08 , B29C41/00 , B29C67/00 , B29C67/04 , B29K23/00 , B29K77/00 , C08G69/14 , C08J3/12 , C08J9/24 , C08L23/04 , C08L23/10 , C08L23/26 , C08L59/00 , C08L77/00
CPC分类号： C08J3/12 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077 , B29C67/04 , C08J9/24 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094 , Y10S521/919 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/249958 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/252
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, a useful powder is disclosed that has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles have an average diameter greater than 180 .mu.m, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53 .mu.m is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53 .mu.m to 180 .mu.m. A powder with slow recrystallization rates, as evidenced by non-overlapping endothermic and exothermic peaks in their differential scanning calorimetry characteristics for scan rates of on the order of 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. per minute, will also result in sintered parts that are near-fully dense, with minimal dimensional distortion.
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2.发明授权Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith 失效与其形成的可烧结的半结晶粉末和近乎致密的物品
公开(公告)号：US5342919A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-30
申请号：US980004
申请日：1992-11-23
CPC分类号： C08J9/24 , B29C41/003 , B29C67/0077 , B29C67/04 , C08J3/12 , B29C2035/0838 , B29K2023/00 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2023/12 , B29K2059/00 , B29K2067/006 , B29K2077/00 , B29K2079/00 , B29K2995/0094
摘要： A laser-sinterable powder product has been prepared having unique properties which allow the powder to be sintered in a selective laser sintering (SLS) machine to form a sintered part which is near-fully dense. For most purposes, the sintered part is indistinguishable from another part having the same dimensions made by isotropically molding the powder. In addition to being freely flowable at a temperature near its softening temperature, the powder has a two-tier distribution in which substantially no primary particles has an average diameter greater than 180.mu.m, provided further that the number average ratio of particles smaller than 53.mu.m is greater than 80%, the remaining larger particles being in the size range from 53.mu.m to 180.mu.m. When the powder is a semicrystalline synthetic resin having a number average molecular weight in the range from about 30,000 to 500,000; a molecular weight distribution M.sub.w /M.sub.n in the range from 1 to 5; and, provides a window of sinterability in the temperature range from near the powder's softening temperature T.sub.s to its caking temperature T.sub.c, it is sintered layer-upon layer to form a near-fully dense part of arbitrary shape.
摘要翻译： 已经制备了具有独特性质的激光可烧结粉末产品，其允许粉末在选择性激光烧结（SLS）机器中烧结以形成接近完全致密的烧结部分。 对于大多数目的，烧结部分与通过各向同性地成型粉末制成的具有相同尺寸的另一部件是不可区分的。 除了在接近其软化温度的温度下可自由流动之外，粉末具有两层分布，其中基本上没有一次颗粒的平均直径大于180μm，条件是颗粒的数量比小于53 亩大于80％，其余较大颗粒的尺寸范围为53μm至180μm。 当粉末是数均分子量在约30,000至500,000范围内的半结晶合成树脂时; 分子量分布Mw / Mn在1至5的范围内; 并且在从接近粉末的软化温度Ts到其结块温度Tc的温度范围内提供可烧结窗口，其是层状烧结以形成任意形状的近乎完全致密的部分。
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3.发明授权Method of recovering recyclable unsintered powder from the part bed of a selective laser-sintering machine 失效从选择性激光烧结机床部分回收可回收的未烧结粉末的方法
公开(公告)号：US5304329A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-19
申请号：US980003
申请日：1992-11-23
申请人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Glenn A. Taylor , Frederic W. Kunig , Angelo J. Magistro , Eric M. Weissman , Timothy R. Hradek
发明人： Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Glenn A. Taylor , Frederic W. Kunig , Angelo J. Magistro , Eric M. Weissman , Timothy R. Hradek
CPC分类号： B29C67/0077
摘要： This method teaches how to recover and reuse a powder of a thermally degradable material which is used in a selective laser sintering (SLS) process. To recycle such a laser-sinterable powder successfully in a SLS machine it is protected against degradation by cooling the hot bed while layer-upon-layer (layer-wise) of powder is being sintered, seriatim, to form successive slices fused together to form an article of arbitrary shape (part). The process requires maintaining the powder which has more than 80% of the number of particles
摘要翻译： 该方法教导了如何回收和再利用用于选择性激光烧结（SLS）工艺的可热降解材料的粉末。 为了在SLS机器中成功地回收这样的可激光烧结粉末，通过冷却热床来保护其免受降解，同时层压（层）上的粉末被烧结，形成连续的切片，以形成熔合在一起形成 任意形状的文章（部分）。 该方法需要将具有超过80％的颗粒数量（m 3）的颗粒保持为静止床，其仍然是足够多孔的，以允许冷却气体向下流动穿过床而不破坏其表面。 由于每个切片形成在表面，并且部件在其形成时被支撑在绝热的床中，与切片相邻的粉末的温度比床的其余部分中的粉末高得多，但是 对于冷却气体，会过热。 过热粉末不仅会降解，而且会熔化到热部件的表面，形成“成长”，从而使零件不能用于其预定目的。 该方法允许经济地将未使用的粉末从床中回收到灭绝。 如果粉末在热时也对氧气敏感，则使用惰性气体作为冷却气体。
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4.发明授权
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3975359A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-17
申请号：US537173
申请日：1974-12-30
CPC分类号： C08K3/0091 , C08K3/10 , C08K3/16 , C08K3/20 , C08K3/22 , C08K3/24 , C08K3/26 , C08K3/30 , C08K3/38 , C08K5/07 , C08K5/09 , C08K5/098
摘要： Smoke retardant vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride polymer compositions are obtained by including therein a synergistic mixture of (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of NiCl.sub.2, NiCO.sub.3 NiMoO.sub.4, NiO, Ni.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiS, NiSO.sub.4, NiWO.sub.4, nickel citrate and nickel formate, and (B) at least one bismuth compound selected from the group consisting of BiBO.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2 CO.sub.3, and Bi.sub.2 S.sub.3. Substantial smoke retardation is also obtained by including the above nickel compounds or bismuth compounds individually or the following nickel compounds or bismuth compounds individually in the vinyl chloride or vinylidene chlorides polymer compositions: NiB.sub.2, NiCrO.sub.4, NiFe.sub.2 O.sub.4, NiI.sub.2, Ni.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2, Ni.sub.2 Si, NiSnO.sub.3, nickel acetylacetonate, BiI.sub.3, or BiPO.sub.4.3H.sub.2 O.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中包含（A）至少一种选自NiCl 2，NiCO 3 NiMoO 4，NiO，Ni 2 O 3，NiS，NiSO 4，NiWO 4，柠檬酸镍和镍铬酸盐的镍化合物的协同混合物，获得阻燃氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物， 甲酸镍和（B）至少一种选自BiBO 3，Bi 2 O 3，Bi 2 O 2 CO 3和Bi 2 S 3的铋化合物。 通过在氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物中单独包含上述镍化合物或铋化合物或以下镍化合物或铋化合物，也可获得显着的烟雾消失：NiB2，NiCrO4，NiFe2O4，NiI2，Ni3（PO4）2，Ni2Si ，NiSnO 3，乙酰丙酮镍，BiI3或BiPO4.3H2O。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3983086A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-28
申请号：US537434
申请日：1974-12-30
CPC分类号： C08K5/098 , C08K3/0091 , C08K3/22 , C08K3/24 , C08K3/26 , C08K3/30 , C08K5/07 , C08K5/09 , C08K5/56
摘要： Smoke retardant vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride polymer compositions are obtained by including therein a synergistic mixture of (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of NiCO.sub.3, NiCrO.sub.4, NiI.sub.2, NiO, NiS, NiSO.sub.4, nickel acetylacetonate, nickel citrate and nickel formate and (B) at least one iron compound selected from the group consisting of Fe.sub.3 C, Fe.sub.2 (MoO.sub.4).sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, FeS, cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl, ferric acetylacetonate, ferric hydroxy distearate, and ferrocene. Substantial smoke retardation is also obtained by including the above nickel compounds or iron compounds individually in the vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride polymer compositions.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中包含（A）至少一种选自NiCO3，NiCrO4，NiI2，NiO，NiS，NiSO4，乙酰丙酮镍，柠檬酸镍和柠檬酸镍的镍化合物的协同混合物，获得阻燃氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物， 甲酸镍和（B）选自Fe 3 C，Fe 2（MoO 4）3，Fe 2 O 3，Fe 3 O 4，FeS，环戊二烯基二羰基铁，二乙酰丙酮铁，三羟基二硬脂酸酯和二茂铁的至少一种铁化合物。 通过将上述镍化合物或铁化合物分别包含在氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物中也可以获得显着的烟雾消失。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3965068A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-22
申请号：US548569
申请日：1975-02-10
CPC分类号： C08K5/0066 , C08K3/0058 , C08K3/0075 , C08K3/22 , C08K3/24 , C08K3/26 , C08K3/30 , C08K3/32 , C08K3/34 , C08K3/38 , C08K5/0091 , C08K5/07 , C08K5/09
摘要： Smoke retardant vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride polymer compositions are obtained by including therein a synergistic mixture of (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of NiCO.sub.3, NiCl.sub.2, NiO, NiS and nickel acetylacetonate and (B) at least one zinc compound selected from the group consisting of ZnCO.sub.3, ZnCrO.sub.4, ZnMoO.sub.4, Zn.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2, Zn.sub.2 SiO.sub.4, ZnSO.sub.4, ZnTiO.sub.3, Zn.sub.2 ZrO.sub.4, zinc ammonium sulfate, zinc borate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc formate, zinc oxalate, and M.sub.2.sub.-2x Zn.sub.3.sub.+x [Fe(CN).sub.6 ].sub.2.yH.sub.2 O wherein M is an alkali metal, x is from 0 to 1, and y is from 0 to 4. Substantial smoke retardation is also obtained by including the above nickel compound or zinc compounds individually in the vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride polymer compositions.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中包含（A）至少一种选自NiCO 3，NiCl 2，NiO，NiS和乙酰丙酮镍的镍化合物和（B）至少一种锌的化合物，获得阻燃氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物， 选自ZnCO3，ZnCrO4，ZnMoO4，Zn3（PO4）2，Zn2SiO4，ZnSO4，ZnTiO3，Zn2ZrO4，硫酸锌铵，硼酸锌，乙酰丙酮锌，甲酸锌，草酸锌和M2-2xZn3 + x [ Fe（CN）6] 2.yH2O其中M为碱金属，x为0至1，y为0至4.通过将上述镍化合物或锌化合物分别包含在乙烯基中也可获得实质性的阻燃性 氯化物或偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3933742A
公开(公告)日：1976-01-20
申请号：US548560
申请日：1975-02-10
摘要： Smoke retardant vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride polymer compositions are obtained by including therein a synergistic mixture of (A) at least one nickel compound selected from the group consisting of NiCO.sub.3 and nickel citrate and (B) at least one zinc compound selected from the group consisting of ZnO and ZnTiO.sub.3. Substantial smoke retardation is also obtained by including the above nickel compounds or zinc compounds individually in the vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride polymer compositions, except for ZnO.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中包含（A）至少一种选自NiCO3和柠檬酸镍的镍化合物和（B）至少一种选自以下的锌化合物的协同混合物来获得阻燃氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物： 的ZnO和ZnTiO3。 除了ZnO之外，还将上述镍化合物或锌化合物分别包含在氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯聚合物组合物中，也可以获得显着的烟雾消失。
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公开(公告)号：US06413215B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09660639
申请日：2000-09-13
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： A61B8/08
摘要： A system for detecting wear debris particulate from a medical implant within the body of a living animal is provided. The system includes an acoustic transmitter for transmitting acoustic energy from outside the body to a soft tissue region proximate the medical implant containing wear debris particles; an acoustic receiver located outside the body to detect resultant acoustic energy generated by the wear debris particles and produce a received signal indicative thereof; a processor for processing the received signal to evaluate at least one parameter associated with the wear debris particles; and an output for indicating the at least one parameter.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于从动物体内的医疗植入物检测磨损颗粒的系统。 该系统包括用于将声能从身体外部传递到靠近包含磨损颗粒的医疗植入物的软组织区域的声发射器; 位于身体外部的声学接收器，用于检测由磨损碎片颗粒产生的合成声能并产生指示其的接收信号; 用于处理所接收的信号以评估与所述磨损碎片颗粒相关联的至少一个参数的处理器; 以及用于指示所述至少一个参数的输出。
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10.发明授权Ternary alloys of poly(vinyl chloride) with high heat distortion temperatures 失效具有高热变形温度的聚（氯乙烯）三元合金
公开(公告)号：US5354812A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-11
申请号：US973011
申请日：1992-11-06
申请人： Lynn M. Soby , Marvin H. Lehr , Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Murali Rajagopalan , William S. Greenlee
发明人： Lynn M. Soby , Marvin H. Lehr , Elmer D. Dickens, Jr. , Murali Rajagopalan , William S. Greenlee
CPC分类号： C08L27/24 , C08L2205/02 , C08L2205/03
摘要： Ternary alloys of PVC/CPVC/alloying polymers are disclosed which make use of the unexpected results of interactions between alloying polymers and CPVC and PVC, interactions which result in higher heat distortion temperatures than predictable by linear addition of the properties of the binary blends of PVC/CPVC and PVC/alloying polymer systems. This effect allows replacement of substantial amounts of alloying polymer with a predetermined amount of CPVC without changing substantially HDT or melt viscosity. Such effects allow the use of these ternary alloys in place of binary PVC/alloying polymer systems in injection molding and extrusion applications.
摘要翻译： 公开了PVC / CPVC /合金化聚合物的三元合金，其利用合金聚合物与CPVC和PVC之间的相互作用的意想不到的结果，导致更高的热变形温度，而不是通过线性加入PVC的二元共混物的性质 / CPVC和PVC /合金聚合物体系。 这种效果允许用预定量的CPVC替代大量的合金聚合物，而不改变基本上的HDT或熔融粘度。 这种效应允许在注塑和挤出应用中使用这些三元合金代替二元PVC /合金化聚合物体系。
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