摘要:
Organosilanes are prepared efficiently by hydrosilylation of an alkene in the presence of iridium compounds as catalysts and an inorganic, metal organic, or organic oxidant as cocatalyst. side reactions and catalyst deactivation are thereby minimized.
摘要:
A conversion LED comprising a chip which emits primary radiation and a luminescent substance-containing layer which is on the chip or positioned so that it intercepts the primary radiation emitted from the chip and which converts at least some of the primary radiation of the chip into secondary radiation, wherein a first luminescent substance of the A3B5O12:Ce garnet type which emits yellow green and a second luminescent substance of the MAlSiN3:Eu calsine type which emits orange red is used, wherein the peak wavelength of the primary radiation lies in the 435 to 455 nm range, the first luminescent substance being a garnet having essentially the cation A=75 to 100% Lu, remainder Y and a Ce content of 1.5 to 2.9%, where B=10 to 40% Ga, remainder Al, while the second luminescent substance is of the basic MAlSiN3:Eu type where M is Ca alone or at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95% Ca and the remainder of M may be Sr, Ba, Mg, Li or Cu, in each case alone or in combination, wherein some of the Al up to 20%, preferably at most 5%, can be replaced by B, and wherein N can be partially replaced by O, F, Cl, alone or in combination.
摘要:
A semiconductor light source is provided, the semiconductor light source having a primary radiation source (1) which, when the semiconductor light source is operated, emits electromagnetic primary radiation (5) in a first wavelength range, and having a luminescence conversion module (2) into which primary radiation (5) emitted by the primary radiation source (1) is fed. The luminescence conversion module (2) contains a luminescence conversion element (6) which, by means of a luminescent material, absorbs primary radiation (5) from the first wavelength range and emits electromagnetic secondary radiation (15) in a second wavelength range. The luminescence conversion element (6) is arranged on a heat sink (3) at a distance from the primary radiation source (1). It has a reflector surface (7, 71, 72) which reflects back into the luminescence conversion element (6) primary radiation (5) which passes through the luminescence conversion element (6) and is not absorbed thereby and/or reflects secondary radiation (15) in the direction of a light coupling-out surface (601) of the luminescence conversion element (6).
摘要:
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1, 2) having at least one or more fuel cells (10, 30), wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) extends between a first cell end (10a, 30a) and a second cell end (10b, 30b) in a tubular shape, and wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) is mechanically received with the first cell end (10a, 30a) on an inflow distributor unit (11, 33), and wherein a fuel gas flows through the fuel cell (10, 30), the gas entering the first cell end (10a, 30a) and exiting one of the cell ends (10a, 10b, 30a, 30b) as exhaust gas. According to the invention, means (12, 16, 18, 32) are provided which suction at least a part of the exhaust gas exiting the fuel cell (10) and feed said gas to the inflow distributor unit (11, 33) for recirculation.
摘要:
A conversion LED comprising a chip which emits primary radiation and, positioned upstream of the chip, a luminescent substance-containing layer which converts at least some of the primary radiation of the chip into secondary radiation, wherein a first yellow-green emitting luminescent substance of the A3B5O12:Ce garnet type and a second orange-red emitting luminescent substance of the MAlSiN3:Eu calsine type is used, wherein the peak wavelength of the primary radiation lies in the 435 to 455 nm range, the first luminescent substance being a garnet having essentially the cation A=Lu or Lu in combination with Y, and B simultaneously having fractions of Al and Ga, while the second luminescent substance is of the basic MAlSiN3:Eu type containing Ca as M with a fraction of at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, where M is Ca alone or predominantly Ca and the remainder of M may be Sr, Ba, Mg, Li or Cu, in each case alone or in combination, and wherein some of the Al up to 20%, preferably at most 5%, can be replaced by B, O, F, Cl, alone or in combination.
摘要:
Isocyanate-functional silanes, particularly isocyanate-functional α-silanes, are prepared in good yield by a liquid phase thermolysis conducted in the presence of a catalyst at a pressure of >100 mbar, or >80 mbar when a thin-film evaporator is used.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for catalyzed preparation of amino-functional siloxanes are prepared by a catalyzed process in which organosiloxanes of the general formula (SiO4/2)k(R1SiO3/2)m(R12SiO2/2)p(R13SiO1/2)q[O1/2H] (II) are reacted with cyclic silazanes of the general formula in the presence of Bronsted acids.
摘要:
Continuous hydrosilylation of compounds (A) bearing C—C multiple bonds by means of silicon compounds (B) having Si—H groups, in which the reaction components (A) and (B) are reacted continuously in an integrated loop-tube reactor, with reaction mixture being conveyed from the tube into the loop and back again so that a section of the tube is part of the loop circuit, provides a highly controllable reaction process with high product yields.
摘要:
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1, 2) having at least one or more fuel cells (10, 30), wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) extends between a first cell end (10a, 30a) and a second cell end (10b, 30b) in a tubular shape, and wherein the fuel cell (10, 30) is mechanically received with the first cell end (10a, 30a) on an inflow distributor unit (11, 33), and wherein a fuel gas flows through the fuel cell (10, 30), the gas entering the first cell end (10a, 30a) and exiting one of the cell ends (10a, 10b, 30a, 30b) as exhaust gas. According to the invention, means (12, 16, 18, 32) are provided which suction at least a part of the exhaust gas exiting the fuel cell (10) and feed said gas to the inflow distributor unit (11, 33) for recirculation.
摘要:
A fuel cell cooling device has a cooling loop for circulating a coolant fluid. At least during the operation of the fuel cell, an ion extraction medium that is in the liquid state is provided. A method for cleaning a coolant with a corresponding fuel cell cooling device is provided as well.