摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the dissociation of allophanates, in which a thermal dissociation is carried out in a reaction vessel and the gaseous dissociation products obtained are removed from the reaction vessel using an inert carrier gas or the vapor of a liquid as stripping medium and are condensed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition which comprises at least one epoxy resin and a mixture comprising the 7 stereoisomers of diaminomethylcyclohexane in very specific ratios relative to one another, a process for preparing the composition, the use of the composition for producing hardened epoxides, adhesives, composite materials and moldings, a mixture comprising the 7 stereoisomers of diaminomethylcyclohexane in the specific ratios, and the use of this mixture for producing the composition.
摘要:
A process is proposed for preparing isocyanates by thermally cleaving carbamates to obtain a carbamate cleavage gas comprising the corresponding isocyanate and the corresponding alcohol, which comprises quenching the carbamate cleavage gas in the presence of an ether which functions as an inhibitor for the reverse reaction of the isocyanate with the alcohol.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a continuous process for hydrogenating organic compounds in a polyphasic system in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst, which comprises performing the process in two stages, the first stage being performed in a loop reactor with an external heat exchanger and the second stage in a bubble column reactor with limited backmixing.The present invention further relates to a hydrogenation reactor (1) in a tall cylindrical design comprising a concentric guide tube (2) arranged in the lower reaction region and a mixing nozzle (3) directed upward, through which reactants and reaction mixture can be supplied, a pump (4) and a heat exchanger (5), which are present in an external pump circulation system which leads from the reactor to the mixing pump, and with one or more gas- and liquid-permeable internals (10) mounted in the upper region of the reactor, where the ratio of total length to diameter of the hydrogenation reactor (1) is in the range from 5:1 to 100:1 and the ratio of the volume of the upper region of the reactor to the volume of the lower region of the reactor is from 0.05:1 to 10:1.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of continuously conveying a liquid which is used as starting material in a chemical reaction by means of a displacement pump having physically separate forward-transport valves and a liquid-filled bidirectional flow line between displacement pump and forward-transport valves, wherein an auxiliary liquid which is a product or a starting material of the chemical reaction and has a melting point which is below the melting point or below the saturation temperature of the liquid to be conveyed is present in the bidirectional flow line.The present invention additionally provides for the use of a product formed by hydrogenation of an aromatic compound as auxiliary liquid for conveying an aromatic compound and also the use of an alcohol or an ester derived from alcohol and carboxylic acid as auxiliary liquid for conveying carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of continuously conveying a liquid which is used as starting material in a chemical reaction by means of a displacement pump having physically separate forward-transport valves and a liquid-filled bidirectional flow line between displacement pump and forward-transport valves, wherein an auxiliary liquid which is a product or a starting material of the chemical reaction and has a melting point which is below the melting point or below the saturation temperature of the liquid to be conveyed is present in the bidirectional flow line.The present invention additionally provides for the use of a product formed by hydrogenation of an aromatic compound as auxiliary liquid for conveying an aromatic compound and also the use of an alcohol or an ester derived from alcohol and carboxylic acid as auxiliary liquid for conveying carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives.
摘要:
A process for preparing cycloaliphatic amines by hydrogenating the corresponding aromatic compounds with hydrogen-comprising gas at a temperature of from 30 to 280° C. and a pressure of 50-350 bar, in the presence of ruthenium catalysts. The hydrogenation is performed in the presence of from 1% by weight to 500% by weight, based on the catalyst calculated as elemental ruthenium (Ru), of suspended inorganic additives, and to the use of the cycloaliphatic amines as a synthesis unit.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising 4% by weight of ruthenium (Ru) or more and a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the nitrogen content of the catalyst after the last drying or calcination is in the range from 1 to 3% by weight, and also catalyst precursors thereof. The present patent application further relates to a process for producing an Ru-comprising catalyst, which comprises the steps impregnation, drying, calcination and reduction. In addition, the present patent application relates to a process for hydrogenating organic substances in the presence of catalysts of the invention or catalysts produced according to the invention, and also a process for producing downstream products from cycloaliphatic amines prepared according to the invention.
摘要:
Mixtures of primary amines of the formula (I) X—CH2—NH2 (I) and secondary amines of the formula (II) (X—CH2—)2NH (II) where X is C1-20-alkyl, C2-20-alkenyl or C3-8-cycloalkyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted by C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C4-20-alkylcycloalkyl, C4-20-cycloalkylalkyl, C2-20-alkoxyalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C7-20-alkylaryl, C7-20-aralkyl, C1-20-alkoxy, hydroxy, C1-20-hydroxyalkyl, amino, C1-20-alkylamino, C2-20-dialkylamino, C2-12-alkenylamino. C3-8-cycloalkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, aryl-C1-8-alkylamino, halogen, mercapto, C2-20-alkenyloxy, C3-8-cycloalkoxy, aryloxy and/or C2-8-alkoxycarbonyl are prepared by reacting nitriles of the formula (III) X—CN (III) with hydrogen at from 50 to 250° C. and pressures of from 5 to 350 bar in the presence of a Pd-containing catalyst comprising, based on the total weight of the catalyst, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of Pd on a support.
摘要:
Secondary amines of the formula (II) (X—CH2—)2NH (II) where X is a C1-20-alkyl, C2-20-alkenyl or C3-8-cycloalkyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by C1-20-alkyl, C3-8-cycloalkyl, C4-20-alkylcycloalkyl, C4-20-cycoalkylalkyl, C2-20-alkoxyalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C7-20-alkylaryl, C7-20-aralkyl, C1-20-alkoxy, hydroxy, C1-20-hydroxyalkyl, amino, C1-20-alkylamino, C2-20-dialkylamino, C2-12-alkenylamino, C3-8-cycloalkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, aryl-C1-8-alkylamino, halogen, mercapto, C2-20-alkenyloxy, C3-8-cycloalkoxy, aryloxy and/or C2-8-alkoxycarbonyl, are prepared by reacting nitriles of the formula (III) X—CN (III) with hydrogen at from 20 to 250° C. and pressures of from 60 to 350 bar in the presence of an Rh-containing catalyst comprising from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of Rh on a support to give mixtures of primary amines of the formula (I) X—CH2—NH2 (I) and secondary amines of the formula (II) (X—CH2—)2NH (II) and returning at least part of the primary amines separated from the mixtures obtained to the reaction.