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公开(公告)号：US5527471A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US382674
申请日：1995-02-02
CPC分类号： G21C3/07 , B01J19/02 , B01J3/008 , B01J3/04 , C02F11/08 , C02F11/086 , B01J2219/0236 , G21Y2002/103 , G21Y2004/201 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A process for hydrothermal oxidation of combustible materials in which, during at least a part of the oxidation, corrosive material is present and makes contact with at least a portion of the apparatus over a contact area on the apparatus. At least a portion of the contact surface area comprises iridium, iridium oxide, an iridium alloy, or a base metal overlaid with an iridium coating. Iridium has been found to be highly resistant to environments encountered in the process of hydrothermal oxidation. Such environments typically contain greater than 50 mole percent water, together with oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a wide range of acids, bases and salts. Pressures are typically about 27.5 to about 1000 bar while temperatures range as high as 800.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 一种用于可燃材料的水热氧化的方法，其中在至少一部分氧化期间存在腐蚀性材料并且在设备的接触区域上与装置的至少一部分接触。 接触表面积的至少一部分包括铱，氧化铱，铱合金或覆盖有铱涂层的贱金属。 铱已被发现对水热氧化过程中遇到的环境具有高度的抗性。 这样的环境通常含有大于50摩尔％的水，以及氧气，二氧化碳和各种酸，碱和盐。 压力通常为约27.5至约1000巴，而温度范围高达800℃。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5358645A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US935408
申请日：1992-08-26
CPC分类号： C02F11/086 , C02F11/08
摘要： Disclosed is an apparatus and a process for high temperature water oxidation of combustibles in which during at least a part of the oxidation, corrosive material is present and makes contact with at least a portion of the apparatus over a contact area on the apparatus, wherein at least a portion of the contact surface area comprises a zirconia based ceramic, with the temperature of the oxidation process in excess of about 300.degree. C. and the pressure of the oxidation process is in excess of about 27.5 bar (400 psi).
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于可燃物的高温水氧化的装置和方法，其中在至少一部分氧化期间存在腐蚀性材料并且在装置的接触区域上与装置的至少一部分接触，其中在 接触表面积的至少一部分包括氧化锆基陶瓷，氧化过程的温度超过约300℃，氧化过程的压力超过约27.5巴（400psi）。
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3.发明授权Process for the oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures utilizing reaction rate enhancers 失效使用反应速率增强剂在超临界温度下在水中氧化材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5232604A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-03
申请号：US973217
申请日：1992-11-06
摘要： Disclosed is a method of substantially completely oxidizing material in an aqueous phase at supercritical temperatures and sub- or supercritical pressures by initiating the oxidation in the presence of small amounts of strong oxidizing agents that function to increase the initial reaction rate for the oxidation. The strong oxidizing agents suitable for use in the present invention comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of ozone (O.sub.3), hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2), salts containing persulfate (S.sub.2 O.sub.8.sup.2-), salts containing permanganate (MnO.sub.4.sup.-), nitric acid (HNO.sub.3), salts containing nitrate (NO.sub.3.sup.-), oxyacids of chlorine and their corresponding salts, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), salts containing hypochlorite (OCl.sup.-), chlorous acid (HOClO), salts containing chlorite (ClO.sub.2.sup.-), chloric acid (HOClO.sub.2), salts containing chlorate (ClO.sub.3.sup.), perchloric acid (HOClO.sub.3), and salts containing perchlorate (ClO.sub.4.sup.-).
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在超临界温度和亚临界压力或超临界压力下在水相中基本上完全氧化材料的方法，其通过在少量强氧化剂存在下引发氧化，所述强氧化剂起到增加氧化的初始反应速率的作用。 适合用于本发明的强氧化剂包括选自臭氧（O 3），过氧化氢（H 2 O 2），含有过硫酸盐（S2O82-）的盐，含有高锰酸盐（MnO4-），硝酸 （HNO 3），含有硝酸盐（NO 3 - ）的盐，氯及其相应的盐，次氯酸（HOCl），含有次氯酸盐（OCl-），氯酸（HOClO），含有亚氯酸盐（ClO 2 - ），氯酸盐 （HOClO 2），含有氯酸盐（ClO 3），高氯酸（HOClO 3）的盐和含有高氯酸盐（ClO 4 - ）的盐）。
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4.发明授权Process for oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures and subcritical pressures 失效在超临界温度和亚临界压力下在水中氧化材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5106513A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US706219
申请日：1991-05-28
申请人： Glenn T. Hong
发明人： Glenn T. Hong
CPC分类号： C02F11/086 , F01K3/188
摘要： Disclosed is a method of oxidizing materials in the presence of an oxidant and water at supercritical temperatures to obtain useful energy and/or more desirable materials. Pressures between 25 and 220 bar are employed. The use of appropriately high temperatures results in a single fluid phase reactor, rapid reaction rates, high efficiency oxidation, and precipitation of inorganic materials.
摘要翻译： 公开了在超临界温度下在氧化剂和水的存在下氧化材料以获得有用能量和/或更理想的材料的方法。 使用25至220巴之间的压力。 使用适当的高温导致单个流体相反应器，快速反应速率，高效氧化和无机材料的沉淀。
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公开(公告)号：US06709602B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-23
申请号：US09841058
申请日：2001-04-23
IPC分类号： C02F120
CPC分类号： F23J7/00 , B09B3/00 , B09B3/0091 , C02F1/02 , C02F1/20 , C02F1/72 , C02F1/722 , C02F1/727 , C02F1/74 , C02F11/004 , C02F11/086 , C02F2103/20 , F23G5/027 , F23G5/16 , F23G5/50 , F23G2201/303 , F23G2202/30 , F23G2203/8013 , F23G2207/20 , F23J2219/80 , F23J2900/15061 , F23L2900/07009
摘要： A system and method for treating feedstocks containing solids, sludges or slurries that contain organics includes introducing the feedstock into a desorption chamber. In the desorption chamber, the temperature and pressure of the feedstock are elevated to volatilize a portion of the feedstock and thereby separate the feedstock into a volatile portion containing organics and a residue portion. Steam, water or oxidants can be injected into the desorption chamber to aid in the volatilization process. From the desorption chamber, the volatile portion of the feedstock is transferred to a reactor for hydrothermal treatment to oxidize or reform the organics in the volatile portion. In the hydrothermal reactor, the volatile portion may be reacted with excess oxidant and auxiliary fuel at a temperature between approximately 1000° F. and approximately 1800° F. and a pressure of between approximately 20 atmospheres and approximately 200 atmospheres.
摘要翻译： 用于处理含有固体，含有有机物的淤泥或浆料的原料的系统和方法包括将原料引入解吸室。 在解吸室中，原料的温度和压力升高以挥发一部分原料，从而将原料分离成含有机物和残余物部分的挥发性部分。 可以将蒸汽，水或氧化剂注入解吸室以帮助挥发过程。 从解吸室中将原料的挥发性部分转移到用于水热处理的反应器中以氧化或改造挥发性部分中的有机物。 在水热反应器中，挥发性部分可以在约1000°F至约1800°F之间的温度和约20大气压和约200大气压之间的温度下与过量的氧化剂和辅助燃料反应。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5492634A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-20
申请号：US382648
申请日：1995-02-02
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D3/38 , A62D101/22 , B01J3/00 , B01J3/04 , B01J19/00 , C02F1/02 , C02F1/66 , C02F1/70 , C02F1/74
CPC分类号： C02F1/70 , B01J3/008 , B01J3/04 , C02F1/025 , C02F1/66 , Y10S210/908 , Y10S210/915
摘要： A method for pretreating a halogenated hydrocarbon feed to a hydrothermal oxidation reactor which includes forming a combination of a halogenated hydrocarbon with added alkali under hydrothermal conditions, adding water to the combination, thereby effectuating hydrolysis of the halogenated hydrocarbon so as to liberate halogen ions which are neutralized by the alkali. The neutralized halogen ion, a salt, may be removed from the process prior to or during the oxidation step as brine droplets.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将卤代烃进料预处理成水热氧化反应器的方法，其包括在水热条件下形成卤代烃与加入的碱的组合，向组合中加入水，从而实现卤代烃的水解以释放卤素离子， 被碱中和。 中和的卤素离子，盐可以在氧化步骤之前或期间作为盐水滴从工艺中除去。
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公开(公告)号：US4822497A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US99773
申请日：1987-09-22
CPC分类号： B01D11/0203 , C02F11/086
摘要： The present invention relates to a novel aqueous-phase oxidizer and solids separator reactor. More particularly, the invention relates to a two zone pressure vessel in which precipitates and other solids fall or are sprayed from a supercritical temperature super zone into a lower temperature sub zone. The feed material may consist of various waste products which are subsequently oxidized in the super zone of the pressure vessel. The resultant brine or slurry which is found at the lower temperature sub zone of the vessel is removed via a pipe and disposed of accordingly.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种新的水相氧化器和固体分离器反应器。 更具体地说，本发明涉及一种其中沉淀物和其它固体落下或从超临界温度超级区域喷入低温子区域的双区压力容器。 进料可以由随后在压力容器的超级区域中被氧化的各种废物构成。 在容器的低温子区域中发现的所得盐水或浆料经由管道被去除并相应地处理。
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公开(公告)号：US20110239890A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-06
申请号：US12755206
申请日：2010-04-06
CPC分类号： F41H13/00 , C06B21/0091 , C06B33/00 , F41H11/00 , F42D5/045
摘要： The present invention discloses materials, systems and methods for creating metal foams to envelop targets, which involve the formulation of powdered thermite/metal matrices. Essentially, each matrix will include thermite and a foaming agent. Additionally, a thickening agent can be blended into the powdered thermite/metal matrix to create desirable foaming properties when the thermite is ignited. A heat sink agent can also be dispersed throughout the powdered thermite/metal matrix to limit temperature rise in the matrix during a thermite reaction. Further, a binder can be combined with the powdered thermite/metal matrix to hold the formulation together. In use, the formulation is delivered to the vicinity of the target where it is ignited. The resultant metal foam is intended to envelop and neutralize the target.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开了用于制造包封靶的金属泡沫的材料，系统和方法，其涉及粉末状的热铝/金属基体的配方。 基本上，每个基体将包括铝和发泡剂。 此外，当热石被点燃时，增稠剂可以掺入到粉末状的热铝/金属基质中以产生所需的发泡性质。 散热剂也可以分散在整个粉末状的热铝/金属基体中，以限制在铝热反应过程中基质中的温度升高。 此外，粘合剂可以与粉末状的热铝/金属基体结合以将制剂保持在一起。 在使用中，配方被传送到被点燃的目标附近。 所得的金属泡沫体旨在包封和中和靶。
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公开(公告)号：US5674405A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-07
申请号：US509504
申请日：1995-07-08
CPC分类号： C02F1/025 , C02F11/086 , F01K3/188 , Y02P20/582
摘要： A method of continuous flow hydrothermal oxidation which provides for a low cost means of reaction initiation and propagation. The aqueous-organic feedstock and oxidant are introduced to a small reaction chamber and allowed to mix with the hot, partially reacted contents thereof. This backmixing serves to initiate the reaction of the incoming feedstock. Optionally, the contents of the chamber then pass to a second reactor located downstream, in order to allow for completion of the oxidation reaction.
摘要翻译： 连续流动水热氧化方法，其提供反应开始和传播的低成本手段。 将含水有机原料和氧化剂引入到小的反应室中，并与其部分反应的热的物质混合。 该回混用于引发进料的反应。 任选地，室的内容物然后传递到位于下游的第二反应器，以便完成氧化反应。
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公开(公告)号：US5545337A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US346144
申请日：1994-11-29
申请人： Glenn T. Hong
发明人： Glenn T. Hong
摘要： A process for water oxidation of combustible materials in which during at least a part of the oxidation corrosive material is present and makes contact with at least a portion of the apparatus over a contact area on the apparatus. At least a portion of the contact surface area comprises titanium dioxide coated onto a titanium metal substrate. Such ceramic composites have been found to be highly resistant to environments encountered in the process of supercritical water oxidation. Such environments typically contain greater than 50 mole percent water, together with oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a wide range of acids, bases, and salts. Pressures are typically about 27.5 to about 1000 bar while temperatures range as high as 700.degree. C. The ceramic composites are also resistant to degradation mechanisms caused by thermal stresses.
摘要翻译： 一种可燃材料的水氧化方法，其中存在至少一部分氧化腐蚀性材料，并且在装置的接触区域上与装置的至少一部分接触。 接触表面积的至少一部分包括涂覆在钛金属基底上的二氧化钛。 已经发现，这种陶瓷复合材料对超临界水氧化过程中遇到的环境具有高度的抗性。 这样的环境通常含有大于50摩尔％的水，以及氧气，二氧化碳和各种酸，碱和盐。 压力通常为约27.5至约1000巴，而温度范围高达700℃。陶瓷复合材料还能抵抗由热应力引起的降解机理。
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