公开(公告)号：US20050220266A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-06

申请号：US11095085

申请日：2005-03-30

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G21K7/00

CPC classification number: G21K7/00

Abstract: A microfluoroscope has a source of soft x-rays and a solid immersion lens including a plano surface. There is means for placing a sample in close proximity to the plano surface so that an x-ray absorption shadowgraph of the sample is projected onto the plano surface by the source of soft x-rays. A scintillator on the solid immersion lens plano surface produces fluorescent light from soft x-rays passing through the sample. An optical microscope is used for viewing through the solid immersion lens the fluorescent light from the scintillator corresponding to the x-ray absorption shadowgraph of the sample. A microfluoroscope is also disclosed which includes a source of soft x-rays, a fluorescent screen placed at a plane to receive x-rays and means for placing a sample in close proximity to the plane so that an x-ray absorption shadowgraph of the sample is projected onto the fluorescent screen. A nanochannel mask placed between the fluorescent screen and the sample for limiting x-rays reaching the fluorescent screen to a periodic matrix of nanochanneled beams. A computer system combines all the discrete images at each raster position into a composite image representing the x-ray absorption shadowgraph of the entire sample.

Abstract translation: 微型荧光镜具有软X射线源和包括平面的固体浸没透镜。 存在用于将样品放置在靠近平面的装置，使得样品的x射线吸收阴影图由软X射线源投射到平面上。 固体浸没透镜平面上的闪烁体产生通过样品的软X射线的荧光。 光学显微镜用于通过固体浸没透镜观察来自对应于样品的x射线吸收阴影图的闪烁体的荧光。 还公开了一种微型荧光镜，其包括软X射线源，荧光屏放置在平面以接收x射线，以及用于将样品放置在靠近平面的装置，使得样品的x射线吸收阴影图 投射到荧光屏上。 放置在荧光屏和样品之间的纳米通道掩模，用于将到达荧光屏的x射线限制为纳米通道束的周期矩阵。 计算机系统将每个光栅位置处的所有离散图像组合成表示整个样本的x射线吸收阴影图的合成图像。

公开(公告)号：US5912939A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-15

申请号：US864019

申请日：1997-05-27

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G21K1/06 ,  G21K4/00 ,  G21K7/00 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05H1/24

CPC classification number: H05G2/001

Abstract: A plasma source of soft x-rays provides the illumination for a microfluoroscope. In general, an x-ray relay optic collects part of the diverging plasma radiation and redirects it to a distant plane. At that plane, the fine-grained or grainless fluorescent screen of a microfluoroscope is placed to receive the radiation. A specimen is placed in direct contact with the screen, or in very close proximity, so that its x-ray shadow is projected onto the screen. The screen is very thin and transparent to visible or ultraviolet light so that a high-numerical-aperture optical microscope objective can closely approach and view the screen from the opposite side. The optical microscope views the fluorescent light emitted by the screen, which corresponds to the x-ray absorption shadow of the specimen. In general, a very thin, x-ray transparent vacuum window is used to separate the specimen, fluorescent screen, and microscope from the vacuum of the plasma source. Thin-film filters and/or monochromator devices are used to limit the wavelengths of soft x-rays which reach the fluorescent screen to the desired energy range. The use of the apparatus and process occurs with either a separate instrument or as an add-on feature to a conventional optical microscope.

Abstract translation: 软X射线的等离子体源为微型荧光镜提供照明。 通常，x射线中继光学器件收集发散等离子体辐射的一部分并将其重定向到远处的平面。 在该平面处，放置微荧光镜的细粒或无色荧光屏以接收辐射。 样本被放置成与屏幕直接接触，或者非常接近，使得其X射线阴影投影到屏幕上。 屏幕对可见光或紫外光非常薄且透明，因此高数值孔径光学显微镜物镜可以从相对侧靠近并观察屏幕。 光学显微镜观察屏幕发出的荧光，其对应于样品的x射线吸收阴影。 通常，使用非常薄的x射线透明真空窗将样品，荧光屏和显微镜与等离子体源的真空分离。 使用薄膜滤光器和/或单色仪装置将到达荧光屏的软X射线的波长限制到所需的能量范围。 该设备和过程的使用与单独的仪器或作为常规光学显微镜的附加特征发生。

公开(公告)号：US09524848B2

公开(公告)日：2016-12-20

申请号：US14536555

申请日：2014-11-07

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G21K5/02 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/02

CPC classification number: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J2201/30411 ,  H01J2237/06341 ,  H01J2237/0805

Abstract: A method of producing field emitters having improved brightness and durability relying on the creation of a liquid Taylor cone from electrically conductive materials having high melting points. The method calls for melting the end of a wire substrate with a focused laser beam, while imposing a high positive potential on the material. The resulting molten Taylor cone is subsequently rapidly quenched by cessation of the laser power. Rapid quenching is facilitated in large part by radiative cooling, resulting in structures having characteristics closely matching that of the original liquid Taylor cone. Frozen Taylor cones thus obtained yield desirable tip end forms for field emission sources in electron beam applications. Regeneration of the frozen Taylor cones in-situ is readily accomplished by repeating the initial formation procedures. The high temperature liquid Taylor cones can also be employed as bright ion sources with chemical elements previously considered impractical to implement.

Abstract translation: 一种制造具有改善的亮度和耐久性的场致发射体的方法，其依赖于具有高熔点的导电材料产生液体泰勒锥。 该方法要求用聚焦激光束熔化线基底的端部，同时在材料上施加高的正电位。 随后通过停止激光功率使所得的熔融泰勒锥快速淬火。 在很大程度上通过辐射冷却促进快速淬火，导致具有与原始液体泰勒锥的特征密切相似的特征的结构。 因此获得的冷冻泰勒锥在电子束应用中产生用于场发射源的期望的尖端形式。 通过重复初始形成程序容易地实现冷冻泰勒锥的原位再生。 高温液体泰勒锥也可用作具有以前认为不实际实施的化学元素的明亮离子源。

公开(公告)号：US20150123010A1

公开(公告)日：2015-05-07

申请号：US14536555

申请日：2014-11-07

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G21K5/02

CPC classification number: H01J37/073 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J2201/30411 ,  H01J2237/06341 ,  H01J2237/0805

Abstract: A method of producing field emitters having improved brightness and durability relying on the creation of a liquid Taylor cone from electrically conductive materials having high melting points. The method calls for melting the end of a wire substrate with a focused laser beam, while imposing a high positive potential on the material. The resulting molten Taylor cone is subsequently rapidly quenched by cessation of the laser power. Rapid quenching is facilitated in large part by radiative cooling, resulting in structures having characteristics closely matching that of the original liquid Taylor cone. Frozen Taylor cones thus obtained yield desirable tip end forms for field emission sources in electron beam applications. Regeneration of the frozen Taylor cones in-situ is readily accomplished by repeating the initial formation procedures. The high temperature liquid Taylor cones can also be employed as bright ion sources with chemical elements previously considered impractical to implement.

Abstract translation: 一种制造具有改善的亮度和耐久性的场致发射体的方法，其依赖于具有高熔点的导电材料产生液体泰勒锥。 该方法要求用聚焦激光束熔化线基底的端部，同时在材料上施加高的正电位。 随后通过停止激光功率使所得的熔融泰勒锥快速淬火。 在很大程度上通过辐射冷却促进快速淬火，导致具有与原始液体泰勒锥的特征密切相似的特征的结构。 因此获得的冷冻泰勒锥在电子束应用中产生用于场发射源的期望的尖端形式。 通过重复初始形成程序容易地实现冷冻泰勒锥的原位再生。 高温液体泰勒锥也可用作具有以前认为不实际实施的化学元素的明亮离子源。

公开(公告)号：US06415086B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09503776

申请日：2000-02-14

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G02B606

CPC classification number: G02B6/262 ,  C03C25/68 ,  G02B6/04 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/3628 ,  G02B6/4203 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A plurality of glass or metal wires are precisely etched to form the desired shape of the individual channels of the final polycapillary optic. This shape is created by carefully controlling the withdrawal speed of a group of wires from an etchant bath. The etched wires undergo a subsequent operation to create an extremely smooth surface. This surface is coated with a layer of material which is selected to maximize the reflectivity of the radiation being used. This reflective surface may be a single layer of material, or a multilayer coating for optimizing the reflectivity in a narrower wavelength interval. The collection of individual wires is assembled into a close-packed multi-wire bundle, and the wires are bonded together in a manner which preserves the close-pack configuration, irrespective of the local wire diameter. The initial wires are then removed by either a chemical etching procedure or mechanical force. In the case of chemical etching, the bundle is generally segmented by cutting a series of etching slots. Prior to removing the wire, the capillary array is typically bonded to a support substrate. The result of the process is a bundle of precisely oriented radiation-reflecting hollow channels. The capillary optic is used for efficiently collecting and redirecting the radiation from a source of radiation which could be the anode of an x-ray tube, a plasma source, the fluorescent radiation from an electron microprobe, a synchrotron radiation source, a reactor or spallation source of neutrons, or some other source.

Abstract translation: 精确地蚀刻多个玻璃或金属线以形成最终多毛细管光学元件的各个通道的期望形状。 这种形状是通过仔细地控制一组来自蚀刻剂浴的电线的提取速度而产生的。 蚀刻的线经历随后的操作以产生非常光滑的表面。 该表面涂覆有一层材料，其被选择为使所使用的辐射的反射率最大化。 该反射表面可以是单层材料或用于在较窄波长间隔内优化反射率的多层涂层。 单个线的集合被组装成紧密堆叠的多线束，并且以保持紧密组合构型的方式将线接合在一起，而不管局部线直径。 然后通过化学蚀刻程序或机械力去除初始导线。 在化学蚀刻的情况下，通常通过切割一系列蚀刻槽来分割束。 在去除线之前，毛细管阵列通常结合到支撑衬底。 该过程的结果是一组精确定向的辐射反射中空通道。 毛细管光纤用于有效地收集和重定向来自辐射源的辐射，该辐射源可以是X射线管的阳极，等离子体源，来自电子微探针的荧光辐射，同步辐射源，反应器或散裂 中子源或其他来源。

公开(公告)号：US20240011885A1

公开(公告)日：2024-01-11

申请号：US18114103

申请日：2023-02-24

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G01N15/06

CPC classification number: G01N15/06 ,  G01N2015/0693

Abstract: A screening tool and method for screening cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) sample grids using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) illumination in two configurations is described. First configuration directly images cryo-EM grids using essentially bright-field optical microscopy, but employing VUV wavelengths and specialized VUV optics. Second configuration converts transmitted VUV radiation from the cryo-EM grid to visible or near-UV light with a scintillator positioned in very close proximity to the grid. The resultant luminescent high-resolution shadow image is viewed using more conventional microscope optics. In both configurations, imaging of individual micron-scale grid holes is possible to determine ice thickness and quality from the optical absorption of ultrathin vitrified water layers with a precision of a few nanometers. Longer wavelengths can be used to independently view protein concentration and distribution within the ice layer. This screening tool greatly increases yield of high-quality grids before cryo-EM analysis and is compatible with Single Particle Analysis (SPA) and other cryo-EM methods including cryo-electron Tomography (cryo-ET) and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED).

公开(公告)号：US10684308B1

公开(公告)日：2020-06-16

申请号：US16212494

申请日：2018-12-06

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G01Q30/20 ,  G01Q60/00

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for stabilizing soft specimen traditionally considered too fragile for APT instruments. These specimens include biological samples, polymers and other fragile materials. For this purpose, a protective structure is disclosed that surrounds the sides of the specimen by supporting walls while only exposing the very end or terminus of the specimen to the electrostatic field of the APT instrument. The protective structure may take the form of a nanoscale conical grinder which continually machines the specimen to regenerate the terminus of the specimen in-situ. Alternately, the protective structure may take the form of a nanopipette in which the specimen is first frozen before undergoing field evaporation together with the tip of the nanopipette. Heretofore only routinely possible for rigid and hard materials, the design thus extends APT analysis to produce three-dimensional atomic-scale maps of soft specimens.

公开(公告)号：US20170076901A1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-16

申请号：US15361911

申请日：2016-11-28

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: H01J9/02 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C14/16 ,  C25D3/50 ,  B21C1/16 ,  C25D17/00 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H05G2/00 ,  C23C14/58 ,  C25D5/50

CPC classification number: H01J9/025 ,  B21C1/16 ,  C23C14/16 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C14/5806 ,  C25D3/50 ,  C25D5/50 ,  C25D17/00 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J37/3178 ,  H01J2201/30411 ,  H01J2209/0226 ,  H01J2237/0802 ,  H01J2237/0805 ,  H05G2/005

Abstract: Optimization techniques are disclosed for producing sharp and stable tips/nanotips relying on liquid Taylor cones created from electrically conductive materials with high melting points. A wire substrate of such a material with a preform end in the shape of a regular or concave cone, is first melted with a focused laser beam. Under the influence of a high positive potential, a Taylor cone in a liquid/molten state is formed at that end. The cone is then quenched upon cessation of the laser power, thus freezing the Taylor cone. The tip of the frozen Taylor cone is reheated by the laser to allow its precise localized melting and shaping. Tips thus obtained yield desirable end-forms suitable as electron field emission sources for a variety of applications. In-situ regeneration of the tip is readily accomplished. These tips can also be employed as regenerable bright ion sources using field ionization/desorption of introduced chemical species.

Abstract translation: 公开了优化技术，用于产生依赖于由具有高熔点的导电材料产生的液体泰勒锥的尖锐和稳定的尖端/纳米片。 首先用聚焦激光束熔化这种具有预制件端部为规则的或凹形的形状的材料的线基材。 在高正电位的影响下，在此端形成液态/熔融状态的泰勒锥。 然后在停止激光功率时，锥体被淬火，从而冻结泰勒锥。 冷冻泰勒锥的尖端被激光器重新加热，以允许其精确的局部熔化和成型。 如此获得的提示产生适合作为各种应用的电子场发射源的期望的终端形式。 尖端的原位再生容易实现。 这些尖端也可以用作引入化学物质的场电离/解吸的可再生的明亮离子源。

公开(公告)号：US09837239B2

公开(公告)日：2017-12-05

申请号：US15361911

申请日：2016-11-28

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G21K5/02 ,  H01J9/02 ,  C23C14/58 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C14/16 ,  C25D3/50 ,  C25D5/50 ,  C25D17/00 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H01J1/304 ,  B21C1/16

CPC classification number: H01J9/025 ,  B21C1/16 ,  C23C14/16 ,  C23C14/24 ,  C23C14/5806 ,  C25D3/50 ,  C25D5/50 ,  C25D17/00 ,  H01J1/3044 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/08 ,  H01J37/3178 ,  H01J2201/30411 ,  H01J2209/0226 ,  H01J2237/0802 ,  H01J2237/0805 ,  H05G2/005

Abstract: Optimization techniques are disclosed for producing sharp and stable tips/nanotips relying on liquid Taylor cones created from electrically conductive materials with high melting points. A wire substrate of such a material with a preform end in the shape of a regular or concave cone, is first melted with a focused laser beam. Under the influence of a high positive potential, a Taylor cone in a liquid/molten state is formed at that end. The cone is then quenched upon cessation of the laser power, thus freezing the Taylor cone. The tip of the frozen Taylor cone is reheated by the laser to allow its precise localized melting and shaping. Tips thus obtained yield desirable end-forms suitable as electron field emission sources for a variety of applications. In-situ regeneration of the tip is readily accomplished. These tips can also be employed as regenerable bright ion sources using field ionization/desorption of introduced chemical species.

公开(公告)号：US06738552B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US10056661

申请日：2002-01-22

Applicant: Gregory Hirsch

Inventor： Gregory Hirsch

IPC: G02B620

CPC classification number: B29D11/00 ,  B29C43/18 ,  B29C2043/023 ,  B29L2011/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/067

Abstract: A capillary optic produced by impression has a mold with an external profile figured for radiation transmission along an axis used as a mandrel for impression. The mold often takes the form of a precisely etched wire. At least one soft plate is used for impressing the mold into the soft plate. The mold is removed from the soft plate to leave a vacant impression figured for radiation transmission in the soft plate along an axis. The impression is then closed to provide for radiation transmission along the axis of the impression. In the most common embodiment, two relatively soft plates having identical compositions with flat and highly polished initial surfaces are used. The impression(s) can be coated with reflective materials. Disclosure of an optical connector and emitter is included.

Abstract translation: 通过压印产生的毛细管光学模具具有外形轮廓，其模型用于沿着用作印模心轴的轴的辐射传播。 模具通常采用精确蚀刻的线材的形式。 使用至少一个软板将模具压入软板。 将模具从软板上移除以留下空白的印象，用于沿软轴的辐射传播。 然后关闭印象以提供沿印象轴的辐射传播。 在最常见的实施例中，使用具有相同组成的两个相对较软的平板和高度抛光的初始表面。 这种印象可以涂上反光材料。 包括光连接器和发射器的公开。