Abstract:
A coating system for coating an interior surface of a housing comprising: first and second closures engaging first and second ends, respectively, of the housing to provide an enclosed volume; first and second flow lines coupled to the first and second closures, respectively, the first flow line and/or the second flow line connected to an inert gas source; a reactant gas source(s) comprising a reactant gas and coupled to the first and/or second flow line; and a controller in electronic communication with the reactant gas and inert gas sources, and configured to control flow of inert gas into the enclosed volume, and counter current injection of reactant gas from the reactant gas source(s) into the enclosed volume whereby introduction of pulse(s) of the reactant gas into the enclosed volume are separated by introduction of inert gas into the enclosed volume, and coating layer(s) are deposited on the interior surface.
Abstract:
A light source and a method for its use in an optical sensor are provided, the light source including a resistively heated element. The light source includes a power circuit configured to provide a pulse width modulated voltage to the resistively heated element, the pulse width modulated voltage including: a duty cycle with a first voltage; and a pulse period including a period with a second voltage, wherein: the duty cycle, the first voltage, and the pulse period are selected so that the resistively heated element is heated to a first temperature; and the first temperature is selected to emit black body radiation in a continuum spectral range. Also provided is an optical sensor for determining a chemical composition including a light source as above.
Abstract:
An example method includes performing validation testing on a tool using a plurality of reference fluids, the tool having a calibrated optical sensor installed therein that includes one or more optical elements. One or more tool sensor responses from the calibrated optical sensor may be obtained and pre-processed, and the one or more tool sensor responses may be compared with calibrated optical sensor responses derived from the calibrated optical sensor during calibration and thereby detecting one or more optical sensor anomalies. The one or more optical sensor anomalies may be evaluated through performance analysis with one or more candidate models, and an alternative candidate model may be selected to mitigate the one or more optical sensor anomalies. One or more remedial options may be pursued when the alternative candidate model fails to mitigate the one or more optical sensor anomalies.
Abstract:
Using an optical computing device includes optically interacting electromagnetic radiation with a sample and a first integrated computational element arranged within a primary channel, optically interacting the electromagnetic radiation with the sample and a second integrated computational element arranged within a reference channel, producing first and second modified electromagnetic radiations from the first and second integrated computational elements, respectively, receiving the first modified electromagnetic radiation with a first detector, and receiving the second modified electromagnetic radiation with a second detector, generating a first output signal with the first detector and a second output signal with the second detector, and computationally combining the first and second output signals with a signal processor to determine the characteristic of interest of the sample.
Abstract:
A coating system for coating an interior surface of a housing comprising: first and second closures engaging first and second ends, respectively, of the housing to provide an enclosed volume; first and second flow lines coupled to the first and second closures, respectively, the first flow line and/or the second flow line connected to an inert gas source; a reactant gas source(s) comprising a reactant gas and coupled to the first and/or second flow line; and a controller in electronic communication with the reactant gas and inert gas sources, and configured to control flow of inert gas into the enclosed volume, and counter current injection of reactant gas from the reactant gas source(s) into the enclosed volume whereby introduction of pulse(s) of the reactant gas into the enclosed volume are separated by introduction of inert gas into the enclosed volume, and coating layer(s) are deposited on the interior surface.
Abstract:
A coating system for coating, with a surface coating process, an interior surface of a housing defining an interior volume, having: a first closure and a second closure to sealingly engage with the housing; one or more first flow lines and second flow lines fluidically coupled to the first and second closure, respectively; a pressurized cell comprising a pressurized gas comprising at least one reactant and at a pressure of greater than a pressure within the housing, wherein the pressurized cell is fluidically coupled to a pressurized cell line comprising one of the first flow lines or second flow lines; and a controller in electronic communication with the pressurized cell and configured to control injection of a pulse of the pressurized gas into a flow of inert gas in the pressurized cell line, whereby the pulse is introduced into the interior volume, coating the interior surface with a coating layer.
Abstract:
A coating system for coating, with a surface coating process, an interior surface of a housing defining an interior volume, having: a first closure and a second closure to sealingly engage with the housing; one or more first flow lines and second flow lines fluidically coupled to the first and second closure, respectively; a pressurized cell comprising a pressurized gas comprising at least one reactant and at a pressure of greater than a pressure within the housing, wherein the pressurized cell is fluidically coupled to a pressurized cell line comprising one of the first flow lines or second flow lines; and a controller in electronic communication with the pressurized cell and configured to control injection of a pulse of the pressurized gas into a flow of inert gas in the pressurized cell line, whereby the pulse is introduced into the interior volume, coating the interior surface with a coating layer.
Abstract:
Various embodiments include systems and methods to provide selectable variable gain to signals in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be used to normalize signals modulated in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be attained using a number of different techniques or various combinations of these techniques. These techniques may include modulating a modulator having modulating elements in which at least one modulating element acts on incident radiation differently from another modulating element of the modulator, modulating the use of electronic components in electronic circuitry of a detector, modulating a source of radiation or combinations thereof. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.
Abstract:
A light source and a method for its use in an optical sensor are provided, the light source including a resistively heated element. The light source includes a power circuit configured to provide a pulse width modulated voltage to the resistively heated element, the pulse width modulated voltage including: a duty cycle with a first voltage; and a pulse period including a period with a second voltage, wherein: the duty cycle, the first voltage, and the pulse period are selected so that the resistively heated element is heated to a first temperature; and the first temperature is selected to emit black body radiation in a continuum spectral range. Also provided is an optical sensor for determining a chemical composition including a light source as above.
Abstract:
An example method includes performing validation testing on a tool using a plurality of reference fluids, the tool having a calibrated optical sensor installed therein that includes one or more optical elements. One or more tool sensor responses from the calibrated optical sensor may be obtained and pre-processed, and the one or more tool sensor responses may be compared with calibrated optical sensor responses derived from the calibrated optical sensor during calibration and thereby detecting one or more optical sensor anomalies. The one or more optical sensor anomalies may be evaluated through performance analysis with one or more candidate models, and an alternative candidate model may be selected to mitigate the one or more optical sensor anomalies. One or more remedial options may be pursued when the alternative candidate model fails to mitigate the one or more optical sensor anomalies.