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公开(公告)号：US11446735B2
公开(公告)日：2022-09-20
申请号：US16869739
申请日：2020-05-08
发明人： John H. Martin , Tobias A. Schaedler , Brennan Yahata , Jacob M. Hundley , Jason A. Graetz , Adam F. Gross , William Carter
IPC分类号： B22F10/30 , B33Y80/00 , B22F3/10 , B33Y10/00 , B33Y70/00 , B29C64/153 , B22F1/17 , B22F1/054
摘要： Disclosed herein are surface-functionalized powders which alter the solidification of the melted powders. Some variations provide a powdered material comprising a plurality of particles fabricated from a first material, wherein each of the particles has a particle surface area that is continuously or intermittently surface-functionalized with nanoparticles and/or microparticles selected to control solidification of the powdered material from a liquid state to a solid state. Other variations provide a method of controlling solidification of a powdered material, comprising melting at least a portion of the powdered material to a liquid state, and semi-passively controlling solidification of the powdered material from the liquid state to a solid state. Several techniques for semi-passive control are described in detail. The methods may further include creating a structure through one or more techniques selected from additive manufacturing, injection molding, pressing and sintering, capacitive discharge sintering, or spark plasma sintering.
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公开(公告)号：US11142651B1
公开(公告)日：2021-10-12
申请号：US16991115
申请日：2020-08-12
摘要： Some variations provide an atomic vapor-cell system comprising: a vapor-cell region configured with vapor-cell walls for containing an atomic vapor; and a coating disposed on at least some interior surfaces of the walls, wherein the coating comprises magnesium oxide, a rare earth metal oxide, or a combination thereof. The atomic vapor-cell system may be configured to allow at least one optical path through the vapor-cell region. In some embodiments, the coating comprises or consists essentially of magnesium oxide and/or a rare earth metal oxide. When the coating contains a rare earth metal oxide, it may be a lanthanoid oxide, such as lanthanum oxide. The atomic vapor-cell system preferably further comprises a device to adjust vapor pressure of the atomic vapor within the vapor-cell region. Preferably, the device is a solid-state electrochemical device configured to convey the atomic vapor into or out of the vapor-cell region.
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公开(公告)号：US11053575B2
公开(公告)日：2021-07-06
申请号：US16195851
申请日：2018-11-20
摘要： A metal microparticle coated with metal nanoparticles is disclosed. Some variations provide a material comprising a plurality of microparticles (1 micron to 1 millimeter) containing a metal or metal alloy and coated with a plurality of nanoparticles (less than 1 micron) or nanoparticle inclusions (potentially larger than 1 micron). The invention eliminates non-uniform distribution of sintering aids by attaching them directly to the surface of the microparticles. No method is previously known to exist which can assemble nanoparticle inclusions onto the surface of a metal microparticle. Some variations provide a solid article comprising a material with a metal or metal alloy microparticles coated with metal hydride or metal alloy nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles form continuous or periodic inclusions at or near grain boundaries within the microparticles.
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公开(公告)号：US10974959B1
公开(公告)日：2021-04-13
申请号：US16011834
申请日：2018-06-19
摘要： Variations provide a metamaterial comprising a plurality of metamaterial repeat units containing a surface-patterned nanoparticle or microparticle that is coated with a metal in a surface pattern. The surface-patterned particle may include a dielectric material or a semiconductor material partially or fully coated with metal(s). In some embodiments, the surface-patterned particles are split ring resonators. Some variations provide a method of making a metamaterial, the method comprising: metallizing surfaces of particles, wherein particles are coated with metal(s) in a surface pattern; dispersing surface-patterned particles in a liquid solution at a starting pH; introducing a triggerable pH-control substance capable of generating an acid or base; and triggering the pH-control substance to generate an acid or base, thereby adjusting the solution pH to a titrated pH. The zeta potential is closer to zero at the titrated pH compared to the starting pH, causing the surface-patterned particles to assemble into a metamaterial.
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US10968355B2
公开(公告)日：2021-04-06
申请号：US16265230
申请日：2019-02-01
IPC分类号： C09D7/41 , C08G18/10 , C08G18/24 , C08G18/75 , C08G18/50 , C09D175/08 , C08G18/48 , C08G18/08 , C08G18/34 , C09D7/61 , C08K3/08
摘要： We have demonstrated reversibly reducing metal-ion crosslinkages in polymer systems, by harnessing light, creating a dynamic and reversible bond. The reduction induces chemical and physical changes in the polymer materials. Some variations provide a polymer composition comprising: a polymer matrix containing one or more ionic species; one or more photosensitizers; and one or more metal ions capable of reversibly changing from a first oxidation state to a second oxidation state when in the presence of the photosensitizers and light. Some embodiments employ urethane-based ionomers capable of changing their crosslinked state under the influence of a change in counterion valance, using light or chemical reducing agents. This invention provides films, coatings, or objects that are reversible, re-mendable, self-healing, mechanically adjustable, and/or thermoplastic/thermoset-switchable.
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公开(公告)号：US20210023249A1
公开(公告)日：2021-01-28
申请号：US17036474
申请日：2020-09-29
发明人： Adam F. Gross , Kevin Geary , Shanying Cui
摘要： A self-sanitizing surface structure configured to selectively refract light, a method of fabricating a self-sanitizing surface configured to selectively refract light, and a method of decontaminating a surface using selectively refracted light. A waveguide including a support layer below a propagating layer is positioned over a substrate as a self-sanitizing layer. In the absence of a contaminant or residue on the waveguide, UV light injected into the propagating layer is constrained within the propagating layer due to total internal reflection. When a residue is present on the self-sanitizing surface structure, light may be selectively refracted at or near the interface with the residue along the side of the waveguide to destroy the residue. The self-sanitizing surface structure may be configured to refract a suitable amount of UV light in response to a particular type of residue or application.
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公开(公告)号：US10822245B1
公开(公告)日：2020-11-03
申请号：US16155129
申请日：2018-10-09
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , C01G49/02 , C30B29/22 , C30B7/14 , C30B7/10 , C30B29/62 , C30B33/06 , C01F17/265 , C30B29/12 , C01G49/00 , B01L3/00
摘要： Methods to fabricate tightly packed arrays of nanoparticles are disclosed, without relying on organic ligands or a substrate. In some variations, a method of assembling particles into an array comprises dispersing particles in a liquid solution; introducing a triggerable pH-control substance capable of generating an acid or a base; and triggering the pH-control substance to generate an acid or a base within the liquid solution, thereby titrating the pH. During pH titration, the particle-surface charge magnitude is reduced, causing the particles to assemble into a particle array. Other variations provide a device for assembling particles into particle arrays, comprising a droplet-generating microfluidic region; a first-fluid inlet port; a second-fluid inlet port; a reaction microfluidic region, disposed in fluid communication with the droplet-generating microfluidic region; and a trigger source configured to trigger generation of an acid or a base from at least one pH-control substance contained within the reaction microfluidic region.
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公开(公告)号：US10821198B2
公开(公告)日：2020-11-03
申请号：US15870082
申请日：2018-01-12
发明人： Adam F. Gross , Kevin Geary , Shanying Cui
摘要： A self-sanitizing surface structure configured to selectively refract light, a method of fabricating a self-sanitizing surface configured to selectively refract light, and a method of decontaminating a surface using selectively refracted light. A waveguide including a support layer below a propagating layer is positioned over a substrate as a self-sanitizing layer. In the absence of a contaminant or residue on the waveguide, UV light injected into the propagating layer is constrained within the propagating layer due to total internal reflection. When a residue is present on the self-sanitizing surface structure, light may be selectively refracted at or near the interface with the residue along the side of the waveguide to destroy the residue. The self-sanitizing surface structure may be configured to refract a suitable amount of UV light in response to a particular type of residue or application.
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公开(公告)号：US10787728B2
公开(公告)日：2020-09-29
申请号：US16014014
申请日：2018-06-21
摘要： A metal microparticle coated with metal hydride nanoparticles is disclosed. Some variations provide a material comprising a plurality of microparticles (1 micron to 1 millimeter) containing a metal or metal alloy and coated with a plurality of nanoparticles (less than 1 micron) containing a metal hydride or metal alloy hydride. The invention eliminates non-uniform distribution of sintering aids by attaching them directly to the surface of the microparticles. No method is previously known to exist which can assemble nanoparticle metal hydrides onto the surface of a metal microparticle. Some variations provide a solid article comprising a material with a metal or metal alloy microparticles coated with metal hydride or metal alloy hydride nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles form continuous or periodic inclusions at or near grain boundaries within the microparticles.
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公开(公告)号：US10648082B1
公开(公告)日：2020-05-12
申请号：US14860332
申请日：2015-09-21
发明人： John H. Martin , Adam F. Gross
摘要： The disclosed process is capable of depositing thin layers of a wide variety of metals onto powders of magnesium, aluminum, and their alloys. A material is provided that comprises particles containing a reactive metal coated with a noble metal that has a less-negative standard reduction potential than the reactive metal. The coating has a thickness from 1 nanometer to 100 microns, for example. A method of forming an immersion deposit on a reactive metal comprises: combining a reactive metal, an ionic liquid, and a noble metal salt; depositing the noble metal on the reactive metal by a surface-displacement reaction, thereby generating the immersion deposit on the reactive metal; and removing the ionic liquid from the immersion deposit. The material may be present in an article or object (e.g., a sintered part) containing from 0.25 wt % to 100 wt % of a coated reactive metal as disclosed herein.
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