摘要:
Methods of manufacturing stair-type structures and methods of manufacturing nonvolatile memory devices using the same. Methods of manufacturing stair-type structures may include forming a plurality of thin layers stacked in plate shapes, forming a mask on an utmost thin layer, patterning the utmost layer using the mask as an etch mask, escalating a width of the mask and etching each of the thin layers at a different width of the mask to form a stair-type structure of the thin layers. Control gates may be formed into the stair-type structures using the methods of manufacturing stair-type structures.
摘要:
The inventive concepts provide methods of forming a pattern. In the method, a block copolymer layer may be formed on a neutral layer having an uneven structure and then phase separation is induced. The neutral layer may have an affinity for all of a hydrophilic polymer and a hydrophobic polymer, so that vertical cultivation of phases of the block copolymer may be realized on the uneven structure. Thus, a self-assembled phenomenon may be induced.
摘要:
A method, system and computer programs for simulating the operation of a data processing apparatus when executing a sequence of instructions is disclosed. The data processing apparatus comprising a plurality of units, each of the units having associated therewith architectural state generated in response to the sequence of instructions. The method comprises the steps of: providing a hardware description model comprising a hardware description component corresponding with at least one of the plurality of units, each hardware description component comprising a hardware characteristic component representing the hardware characteristics of that unit and an architectural state component for storing a representation of any architectural state associated with that unit generated in response to the sequence of instructions; providing a system level model comprising a system level component corresponding with at least one other of the plurality of units, the system level model further comprising at least one shadow architectural state component for storing a representation of any architectural state stored by a corresponding architectural state component of the hardware description model; executing the hardware description model and the system level model to simulate the operation of the data processing apparatus when executing the sequence of instructions; and causing any changes in architectural state stored in the corresponding architectural state component to be also stored by the shadow architectural state component. Accordingly, the status of the architectural state can readily be determined in combination with information from the system level component using tools associated with the system level model. In this way, a correlation can readily be made between the status of the system level component and the architectural state generated by the hardware description model in response to the sequence of instructions. Also, by only causing the shadow architectural state component to store architectural state when architectural state within the architectural state component is updated, the number of updates between the hardware description model and the system level model can be minimized to only those which are required to provide a representation of the current state of the hardware description model. Reducing the number of updates required to be communicated between the two models significantly improves the performance of these models.
摘要:
A photolithography method includes coating a photoresist on an active region and an edge region of a wafer, exposing the photoresist on the edge region to first ultraviolet rays, exposing the photoresist on the active region to second ultraviolet rays, depositing a first developing solution on the photoresist on the edge region to remove the photoresist on the edge region, and developing the photoresist on the active region using a second developing solution.
摘要:
A device isolation layer is formed in a substrate to define spaced-apart linear active regions in the substrate. Buried gate patterns are formed in the substrate and extending along a first direction to cross the active regions. An etch stop layer and a first insulating layer are formed on the substrate. Bit line structures are formed on the first insulating layer and extending along a second direction transverse to the first direction to cross the active regions. A second insulating layer is formed on the bit line structures. Contact plugs are formed penetrating the second insulating layer, the first insulating layer, and the etch stop layer to contact one of the active regions between adjacent ones of the bit line structures.