摘要:
The object of the present invention is a method of coating a surface of a substrate with copper by electroplating. According to the invention, this method comprises: a step during which the said surface to be coated is brought into contact with an electroplating bath while the said surface is not under electrical bias; a step of forming the coating during which the said surface is biased; a step during which the said surface is separated from the electroplating bath while it is under electrical bias; the aforementioned electroplating bath comprising, in solution in a solvent: a source of copper ions, with a concentration of between 0.4 and 40 mM; and at least one copper complexing agent.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is a method and compositions for direct copper plating and filling to form interconnects in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. According to the invention, this method comprises providing an electrolytic copper bath containing, in solution in a solvent, a source of copper ions with a concentration of between 45 and 200 mM, preferably of between 45 and 100 mM and at least one copper complexing agent which is an aliphatic polyamine having 2 to 4 amine functions with a concentration of between 30 and 200 mM, preferably of between 60 and 200 mM; the copper/complexing agent(s) molar ratio being of between 0.2 and 2, preferably between 0.3 and 1.5; bringing said copper diffusion barrier layer of said substrate into contact with said electrolytic copper bath, applying an electrical bias to the substrate for a duration adjusted according to the thickness of copper to be electroplated, removing the substrate from said electrolytic copper bath.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is an electroplating composition intended in particular for coating a copper-diffusion barrier layer in the fabrication of interconnects for integrated circuits. According to the invention, this composition comprises, in solution in a solvent: a source of copper ions, in a concentration of between 0.4 and 40 mM; at least one copper complexing agent chosen from the group comprising primary aliphatic amines, secondary aliphatic amines, tertiary aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, nitrogen heterocycles and oximes; the copper/complexing agent(s) molar ratio being between 0.1 and 2.5, preferably between 0.3 and 1.3; and the pH of the said composition being less than 7, preferably between 3.5 and 6.5.
摘要:
Some implementations disclosed herein provide techniques and arrangements for indicating a length of an instruction from an instruction set that has variable length instructions. A plurality of bytes that include an instruction may be read from an instruction cache based on a logical instruction pointer. A determination is made whether a first byte of the plurality of bytes identifies a length of the instruction. In response to detecting that the first byte of the plurality of bytes identifies the length of the instruction, the instruction is read from the plurality of bytes based on the length of the instruction.
摘要:
A region or group of pixels may be textured as a unit, using a range specifier and one or more anchor pixels to define the group. In some embodiments, processing grouped pixels improves efficiency.
摘要:
Disclosed is a motor-pump assembly (1) for a brake actuating device of a motor vehicle brake system with a pneumatic brake booster. An electric motor (3) drives a double diaphragm pump (2) with two working diaphragms (4) which are located opposite one another. Air expelled from the working spaces (7) is directed into an interior space (22) surrounding a crank drive (8) of the pump housing (5). An air outlet unit (23, 53) has a filter housing (32, 54), a filter (33, 59), an air outlet cover (34, 56), a valve holding element (38, 70) and a valve body (31). A partition wall (37, 55) deflects the air emerging from the interior space (22) in the air outlet unit (23, 53 between the filter housing (32, 54) and the air outlet cover (34, 56), with an integrally molded valve holding element (38, 70).
摘要:
A method and apparatus for scaling frequency and operating voltage of at least one clock domain of a microprocessor. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to techniques to divide a microprocessor into clock domains and control the frequency and operating voltage of each clock domain independently of the others.
摘要:
A bicycle frame assembly having a number of rotatable members configured to absorb shocks and impacts associated with operation of the bicycle. The assembly includes a frame constructed to support a rider and a chain stay having a rearward end that extends toward a wheel hub and a forward end that is pivotably connected to the frame. An absorber is pivotably connected to the forward end of the chain stay and extends to a rocker arm that is pivotably connected to the frame. A seat stay is pivotably connected to a rearward end of the rocker arm and extends to the rearward end of the chain stay. The rearward ends of the seat stay and the chain stay are pivotably connected to rotate about a common axis.
摘要:
A bicycle frame assembly having a number of rotatable members configured to absorb shocks and impacts associated with operation of the bicycle. The assembly includes a frame constructed to support a rider and a chain stay having a rearward end that extends toward a wheel hub and a forward end that is pivotably connected to the frame. An absorber is pivotably connected to the forward end of the chain stay and extends to a rocker arm that is pivotably connected to the frame. A seat stay is pivotably connected to a rearward end of the rocker arm and extends to the rearward end of the chain stay. The rearward ends of the seat stay and the chain stay are pivotably connected to rotate about a common axis.
摘要:
A bicycle derailer assembly that is mounted concentrically with an axle of a rear wheel assembly. The derailer is constructed to be mounted to the bicycle such that the derailer is pivotable about a common axis with the rear wheel and such that the rear wheel can be removed from the bicycle without interfering with the connection of the derailer to the bicycle. The derailer system provides a derailer that is robust and reduces interference of the derailer with the performance of bicycle maintenance.