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1.发明授权Nonvolatile memory with cluster-erase flash capability and solid state file apparatus using the same 失效具有簇擦除闪存能力的非易失性存储器和使用其的固态文件设备
公开(公告)号：US5598370A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-28
申请号：US429395
申请日：1995-04-26
申请人： Hideto Niijima , Hideo Asano , Yoshinori Sakaue , Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Hideto Niijima , Hideo Asano , Yoshinori Sakaue , Takashi Toyooka
CPC分类号： G06F3/0601 , G06F12/023 , G06F12/0246 , G11C16/102 , G06F2003/0694 , G06F2212/7209
摘要： A nonvolatile memory-with cluster-erase flash capability. A cluster information sector is included in each of N clusters, the cluster information sector of each cluster being written with the sequence number assigned to the cluster so that no two clusters have the same sequence number. When erasing a given sector, a controller saves its sequence number prior to erasure. Then, when initializing a given erased sector, the controller sets its sequence number to a value greater than the current maximum sequence number. The controller writes user data to sectors other than the cluster information sector for the cluster thus initialized according to their address sequence. Accordingly, an invalid sector can be distinguished from a valid sector without using an overwrite approach.
摘要翻译： 具有集群擦除闪存功能的非易失性存储器。 集群信息扇区被包括在N个簇中的每一个中，每个簇的簇信息扇区被分配给簇的序列号写入，使得没有两个簇具有相同的序列号。 擦除给定扇区时，控制器在擦除之前保存序列号。 然后，当初始化给定的擦除扇区时，控制器将其序列号设置为大于当前最大序列号的值。 控制器将用户数据写入群集信息扇区以外的扇区，根据其地址序列进行初始化。 因此，可以将无效扇区与有效扇区区分开而不使用覆盖方法。
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2.发明授权Nonvolatile memory with cluster-erase flash capability and solid state file apparatus using the same 失效具有簇擦除闪存能力的非易失性存储器和使用其的固态文件设备
公开(公告)号：US5457658A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US200343
申请日：1994-02-23
申请人： Hideto Niijima , Hideo Asano , Yoshinori Sakaue , Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Hideto Niijima , Hideo Asano , Yoshinori Sakaue , Takashi Toyooka
CPC分类号： G06F3/0601 , G06F12/023 , G06F12/0246 , G11C16/102 , G06F2003/0694 , G06F2212/7209
摘要： A nonvolatile memory with cluster-erase flash capability. A cluster information sector is included in each of N clusters, the cluster information sector of each cluster being written with the sequence number assigned to the cluster so that no two clusters have the same sequence number. When erasing a given sector, a controller saves its sequence number prior to erasure. Then, when initializing a given erased sector, the controller sets its sequence number to a value greater than the current maximum sequence number. The controller writes user data to sectors other than the cluster information sector for the cluster thus initialized according to their address sequence. Accordingly, an invalid sector can be distinguished from a valid sector without using an overwrite approach.
摘要翻译： 具有集群擦除闪存功能的非易失性存储器。 集群信息扇区被包括在N个簇中的每一个中，每个簇的簇信息扇区被分配给簇的序列号写入，使得没有两个簇具有相同的序列号。 擦除给定扇区时，控制器在擦除之前保存序列号。 然后，当初始化给定的擦除扇区时，控制器将其序列号设置为大于当前最大序列号的值。 控制器将用户数据写入群集信息扇区以外的扇区，根据其地址序列进行初始化。 因此，可以将无效扇区与有效扇区区分开而不使用覆盖方法。
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公开(公告)号：US5844910A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-01
申请号：US694002
申请日：1996-08-07
IPC分类号： G11C17/00 , G06F11/10 , G11C16/02 , G11C16/06 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/04 , G11C29/42 , H01L21/8247 , H01L27/115 , H01L29/788 , H01L29/792 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G11C29/765 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/82 , G11C29/88 , G06F11/1068
摘要： An array of memory cells is physically divided into a data area and a tag area so that respective parts of the two areas share a word line but can be separately erased en bloc. The data area and tag area sharing one word line constitute a single logical unit. In the logical unit, the tag area stores location information for defective memory cells in the corresponding data area. On the basis of this information, the system avoids the use of the defective memory cells. The defective memory cell information is programmed in a test step performed after chip manufacture and, at the same time, ECCs are generated for the defective memory cell information and written to the tag area. Furthermore, the system is informed of the invalidity of the data area that shares a word line with a tag area by writing predetermined data to the tag area. Even when the data area is erased en bloc, the tag area is not erased and the defective memory cell information is retained there.
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公开(公告)号：US5509018A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-16
申请号：US119916
申请日：1993-09-10
IPC分类号： G11C17/00 , G06F11/10 , G11C16/02 , G11C16/06 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/04 , G11C29/42 , H01L21/8247 , H01L27/115 , H01L29/788 , H01L29/792 , G06F11/00 , G11C11/40
CPC分类号： G11C29/765 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/82 , G11C29/88 , G06F11/1068
摘要： An array of memory cells is physically divided into a data area and a tag area so that respective parts of the two areas share a word line but can be separately erased en bloc. The data area and tag area sharing one word line constitute a single logical unit. In the logical unit, the tag area stores location information for defective memory cells in the corresponding data area. On the basis of this information, the system avoids the use of the defective memory cells. The defective memory cell information is programmed in a test step performed after chip manufacture and, at the same time, ECCs are generated for the defective memory cell information and written to the tag area. Furthermore, the system is informed of the validity of the data area that shares a word line with a tag area by writing predetermined data to the tag area. Even when the data area is erased en bloc, the tag area is not erased and the defective memory cell information is retained there.
摘要翻译： 存储单元的阵列被物理地划分成数据区和标签区，使得两个区的各个部分共享一个字线，但是可以被单独地擦除。 共享一个字线的数据区域和标签区域构成单个逻辑单元。 在逻辑单元中，标签区域存储相应数据区域中的缺陷存储器单元的位置信息。 在此信息的基础上，系统避免使用有缺陷的存储单元。 在芯片制造之后执行的测试步骤中编程有缺陷的存储器单元信息，并且同时为缺陷存储器单元信息生成ECC并写入标签区域。 此外，通过向标签区域写入预定数据，向系统通知与标签区域共享字线的数据区域的有效性。 即使数据区域被整体擦除，标签区域也不被擦除，并且存储单元信息被保留在那里。
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公开(公告)号：US5546402A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US475524
申请日：1995-06-07
IPC分类号： G11C17/00 , G06F11/10 , G11C16/02 , G11C16/06 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/00 , G11C29/04 , G11C29/42 , H01L21/8247 , H01L27/115 , H01L29/788 , H01L29/792 , G11C11/34
CPC分类号： G11C29/765 , G11C16/16 , G11C16/22 , G11C29/82 , G11C29/88 , G06F11/1068
摘要： An array of memory cells is physically divided into a data area and a tag area so that respective parts of the two areas share a word line but can be separately erased en bloc. The data area and tag area sharing one word line constitute a single logical unit. In the logical unit, the tag area stores location information for defective memory cells in the corresponding data area. On the basis of this information, the system avoids the use of the defective memory cells. The defective memory cell information is programmed in a test step performed after chip manufacture and, at the same time, ECCs are generated for the defective memory cell information and written to the tag area. Furthermore, the system is informed of the invalidity of the data area that shares a word line with a tag area by writing predetermined data to the tag area. Even when the data area is erased en bloc, the tag area is not erased and the defective memory cell information is retained there.
摘要翻译： 存储单元的阵列被物理地划分为数据区和标签区，使得两个区的各个部分共享一个字线，但是可以被单独地擦除。 共享一个字线的数据区域和标签区域构成单个逻辑单元。 在逻辑单元中，标签区域存储相应数据区域中的缺陷存储器单元的位置信息。 在此信息的基础上，系统避免使用有缺陷的存储单元。 在芯片制造之后执行的测试步骤中编程有缺陷的存储器单元信息，并且同时为缺陷存储器单元信息生成ECC并写入标签区域。 此外，通过向标签区域写入预定数据，向系统通知与标签区域共享字线的数据区域的无效。 即使数据区域被整体擦除，标签区域也不被擦除，并且存储单元信息被保留在那里。
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公开(公告)号：US5734816A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-31
申请号：US212469
申请日：1994-03-10
申请人： Hideto Niijima , Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Hideto Niijima , Takashi Toyooka
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F3/06 , G06F11/10 , G06F11/14 , G06F12/02 , G06F12/06 , G06F12/16 , G11C16/02 , G11C17/00 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/0601 , G06F11/1068 , G06F11/1435 , G06F12/0246 , G06F2003/0694 , G06F2212/2022
摘要： A nonvolatile memory with flash erase capability includes a plurality of clusters each having a plurality of sectors, each of the sectors holding the attribute information for identification. A cluster information sector is placed at the top of a cluster to which it belongs. A data sector is placed in a data area which is the region other than the top of the cluster. A controller connected to the nonvolatile memory creates a cluster information copy sector when erasing a cluster, and reconstructs cluster management information from the cluster information copy sector when initializing a cluster, thereby forming a cluster information sector. Accordingly, endurance against failure such as power failure in a solid state file apparatus using the nonvolatile memory is improved.
摘要翻译： 具有闪存擦除功能的非易失性存储器包括多个簇，每个簇具有多个扇区，每个扇区保存用于识别的属性信息。 集群信息扇区被放置在其所属的集群的顶部。 数据扇区被放置在除簇顶部之外的区域的数据区域中。 连接到非易失性存储器的控制器在擦除集群时创建集群信息复制扇区，并且在初始化集群时从集群信息复制扇区重构集群管理信息，从而形成集群信息扇区。 因此，提高了使用非易失性存储器的固态文件装置中的诸如电源故障之类的故障的耐久性。
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7.发明授权Projection display apparatus having an optical element projecting modulated light, method for controlling the same, and electronic device 有权具有投影调制光的光学元件的投影显示装置及其控制方法以及电子设备公开(公告)号：US09082359B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-14
申请号：US12355010
申请日：2009-01-16
申请人： Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Takashi Toyooka
CPC分类号： G09G5/10 , G09G3/002 , G09G3/2022 , G09G3/2081 , G09G3/3406 , G09G3/3648 , G09G5/18 , G09G2310/066 , G09G2320/0633 , H04N5/74
摘要： An image display apparatus includes a light-source driving circuit that drives a light source to cyclically change brightness. A control unit controls a pixel to turn on and off over a plurality of subfields in a field so that transmittance or reflectance in the pixel over the plurality of subfields in the field corresponds to a gray level specified for the pixel. The control unit also arranges the plurality of subfields such that two or more gray-level defining subfields maintain a predetermined relationship with respect to the cyclical change in brightness of the light source caused by drive of a light-source driving circuit.
摘要翻译： 图像显示装置包括驱动光源以循环改变亮度的光源驱动电路。 控制单元控制像素在场中的多个子场上打开和关闭，使得场中多个子场中的像素中的透射率或反射率对应于为像素指定的灰度级。 控制单元还布置多个子场，使得两个或多个灰度定义子场相对于由光源驱动电路的驱动引起的光源的亮度的周期性变化保持预定的关系。
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公开(公告)号：US08954838B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-10
申请号：US12631365
申请日：2009-12-04
申请人： Anil P. Balaram , Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Anil P. Balaram , Takashi Toyooka
CPC分类号： G06F17/5022 , G06F17/246
摘要： Some embodiments provide a system for displaying cells of a table. During operation, the system can receive a sort-and-merge request for sorting the rows of the table using a sort column. Next, the system can sort the rows of the table based at least on cell values in the sort column to obtain a sorted table. The system can then merge a set of consecutive cells in a merge column of the sorted table to obtain a merged cell, wherein the set of consecutive cells are associated with the same cell value. Note that the sort column and the merge column can be the same column, or they can be different columns. Next, the system can display the merged cell and other cells in the sorted-and-merged table. Displaying a cell can involve positioning the cell's value in a visible area of the cell.
摘要翻译： 一些实施例提供用于显示表格的单元格的系统。 在操作期间，系统可以使用排序列接收排序和合并请求，以排序表的行。 接下来，系统可以至少基于排序列中的单元格值对表的行进行排序，以获取排序表。 然后，系统可以合并排序表的合并列中的一组连续小区，以获得合并的小区，其中该组连续小区与相同的小区值相关联。 请注意，排序列和合并列可以是同一列，也可以是不同的列。 接下来，系统可以在排序合并的表中显示合并的单元格和其他单元格。 显示单元格可能涉及将单元格的值定位在单元格的可见区域。
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公开(公告)号：US08531369B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-10
申请号：US13005458
申请日：2011-01-12
申请人： Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Takashi Toyooka
IPC分类号： G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G5/06 , G09G3/2022 , G09G3/2025 , G09G3/3648 , G09G3/3651
摘要： An electro-optic device including: a plurality of pixels disposed corresponding to a plurality of colors; and a drive circuit adapted to drive the pixels, wherein the drive circuit drives the pixels based on a drive voltage set for each of the colors in accordance with a mixture ratio between the colors, and a drive pattern provided in accordance with the drive voltage and adapted to designate one of switching ON and OFF of the pixels at each of sub-fields constituting a frame in accordance with a grayscale level, and the drive voltages are set so that a voltage range of the drive voltage is different between the pixel corresponding to at least one of the colors and the pixel corresponding to another of the colors, the colors having respective proportions of mixture different from each other.
摘要翻译： 一种电光装置，包括：与多种颜色对应地设置的多个像素; 以及适于驱动所述像素的驱动电路，其中所述驱动电路基于根据所述颜色之间的混合比率为每种颜色设置的驱动电压来驱动所述像素，以及根据所述驱动电压提供的驱动图案，以及 适于根据灰度级指定在构成帧的每个子场处的像素的切换ON和OFF中的一个，并且驱动电压被设置为使得驱动电压的电压范围在对应于 与另一种颜色对应的颜色和像素中的至少一种，颜色具有彼此不同的混合物的比例。
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公开(公告)号：US20110138265A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-09
申请号：US12631365
申请日：2009-12-04
申请人： Anil P. Balaram , Takashi Toyooka
发明人： Anil P. Balaram , Takashi Toyooka
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/5022 , G06F17/246
摘要： Some embodiments provide a system for displaying cells of a table. During operation, the system can receive a sort-and-merge request for sorting the rows of the table using a sort column. Next, the system can sort the rows of the table based at least on cell values in the sort column to obtain a sorted table. The system can then merge a set of consecutive cells in a merge column of the sorted table to obtain a merged cell, wherein the set of consecutive cells are associated with the same cell value. Note that the sort column and the merge column can be the same column, or they can be different columns. Next, the system can display the merged cell and other cells in the sorted-and-merged table. Displaying a cell can involve positioning the cell's value in a visible area of the cell.
摘要翻译： 一些实施例提供用于显示表格的单元格的系统。 在操作期间，系统可以使用排序列接收排序和合并请求，以排序表的行。 接下来，系统可以至少基于排序列中的单元格值对表的行进行排序，以获取排序表。 然后，系统可以合并排序表的合并列中的一组连续小区，以获得合并的小区，其中该组连续小区与相同的小区值相关联。 请注意，排序列和合并列可以是同一列，也可以是不同的列。 接下来，系统可以在排序合并的表中显示合并的单元格和其他单元格。 显示单元格可能涉及将单元格的值定位在单元格的可见区域。
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