摘要:
An exhaust system for discharging exhaust gases through an exhaust passageway, emitted from a multi-cylinder combustion engine mounted on a motor vehicle includes a partition plate formed therein for dividing the exhaust passageway into a plurality of juxtaposed exhaust passages and having a communicating hole defined therein, and an exhaust gas sensor positioned at a location in proximity of the communicating hole for detecting a composition of the exhaust gases.
摘要:
An exhaust system for discharging exhaust gases through an exhaust passageway, emitted from a multi-cylinder combustion engine mounted on a motor vehicle includes a partition plate formed therein for dividing the exhaust passageway into a plurality of juxtaposed exhaust passages and having a communicating hole defined therein, and an exhaust gas sensor positioned at a location in proximity of the communicating hole for detecting a composition of the exhaust gases.
摘要:
A core layer (13) of an optical waveguide (1) includes a plurality of core groups (140) disposed so as to mutually intersect on the same plane, each core group (140) being an assembly of a plurality of core portions (14), at least some of which are arranged in parallel, and side cladding portions (15) provided so as to adjoin the side surfaces of each core portion (14). A transverse cross-section of the optical waveguide (1) includes a high refractive index region (WH) in a position corresponding with each core portion (14) and having a relatively high refractive index, and a low refractive index region (WL) in a position corresponding with each side cladding portion (15) and having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index region (WH), and a refractive index distribution is formed in which the refractive index varies continuously across the entire distribution.
摘要:
A core layer (13) of an optical waveguide (1) includes a plurality of core groups (140) disposed so as to mutually intersect on the same plane, each core group (140) being an assembly of a plurality of core portions (14), at least some of which are arranged in parallel, and side cladding portions (15) provided so as to adjoin the side surfaces of each core portion (14). A transverse cross-section of the optical waveguide (1) includes a high refractive index region (WH) in a position corresponding with each core portion (14) and having a relatively high refractive index, and a low refractive index region (WL) in a position corresponding with each side cladding portion (15) and having a lower refractive index than the high refractive index region (WH), and a refractive index distribution is formed in which the refractive index varies continuously across the entire distribution.
摘要:
According to the electronic apparatus and cellular phone of the present invention, in an optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable, an air layer is provided in a deforming section which experiences bending deformation as a result of the movement of a second body relative to a first body (either a pivoting or sliding movement), and the position of this air layer becomes located on the outer circumferential side of a core when the deforming section undergoes bending deformation. As a result of this, it is possible to ensure sufficient flexibility and to also achieve a sufficient improvement in the folding endurance of the core portion for this optical waveguide forming body to be utilized in practical applications. Moreover, it is possible to suppress light loss and achieve high-speed, large-capacity transmissions even when the optical waveguide forming body of a flexible cable experiences bending deformation due to the relative movement of the second body relative to the first body.
摘要:
The present invention provides (i) a process for producing a metal film with which process a metal film and a metal pattern can be formed, at low cost, on an arbitrary substrate, (ii) a primer composition, (iii) a metal film, and (iv) use of the metal film. The process includes the steps of: forming an organic film with use of a primer composition which contains (i) an addition polymerizable compound including three or more reactive groups, (ii) an addition polymerizable compound including an acid group, (iii) an addition polymerizable compound including a basic group, and (iv) an addition polymerizable compound including a hydrophilic functional group; form a metal (M1) salt from the acid group; substituting the metal (M1) salt of the acid group with a metal (M2) salt by processing with a metal (M2) ion aqueous solution containing a metal (M2) ion which has a less ionization tendency than the metal (M1) ion; and reducing the metal (M2) ion so that a metal film is formed on a surface of the organic film.
摘要:
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention provide waveguide structures and methods of forming such structures where core and laterally adjacent cladding regions are defined. Some embodiments of the present invention provide waveguide structures where core regions are collectively surrounded by laterally adjacent cladding regions and cladding layers and methods of forming such structures.
摘要:
A substrate on which an optical element is mounted is provided, including: an optical element; an optical circuit substrate which is formed by an optical waveguide layer having a core portion and cladding portions; and an electrical circuit substrate on which is provided a mounting portion that is used for mounting the optical element, wherein the optical element is mounted on the electrical circuit substrate via the optical circuit substrate and wherein the optical circuit substrate has an optical element mounted thereon and is provided with a receptor structure having a conductive portion that conducts electricity between an electrode of the optical element and an electrode of the electrical circuit substrate.
摘要:
It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.
摘要:
A substrate on which an optical element is mounted is provided, including: an optical element; an optical circuit substrate which is formed by an optical waveguide layer having a core portion and cladding portions; and an electrical circuit substrate on which is provided a mounting portion that is used for mounting the optical element, wherein the optical element is mounted on the electrical circuit substrate via the optical circuit substrate and wherein the optical circuit substrate has an optical element mounted thereon and is provided with a receptor structure having a conductive portion that conducts electricity between an electrode of the optical element and an electrode of the electrical circuit substrate.