公开(公告)号：US4567857A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-04

申请号：US408266

申请日：1982-08-16

申请人： John Houseman ,  Gerald E. Voecks

发明人： John Houseman ,  Gerald E. Voecks

IPC分类号： F02B1/02 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B43/08 ,  F02B51/02 ,  F02B19/00

CPC分类号： F02B51/02 ,  F02B43/08 ,  F02B1/02 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/126 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y10S123/12

摘要： A flow through catalytic reactor (10) which selectively catalytically decomposes methanol into a soot-free hydrogen-rich product gas utilizing engine exhaust at temperatures of 200.degree. to 650.degree. C. to provide the heat for vaporizing and decomposing the methanol. The reactor (10) is combined with either a spark ignited (28) or compression ignited (54) internal combustion engine or a gas turbine (202) to provide a combustion engine system. The system may be fueled entirely by the hydrogen-rich gas produced in the methanol decomposition reactor or the system may be operated on mixed fuels for transient power gain and for cold start of the engine system. The reactor (10) includes a decomposition zone formed by a plurality of elongated cylinders (12) which contain a body (114) of vapor-permeable, methanol decomposition catalyst preferably a shift catalyst such as copper-zinc. A vaporizer (14) is provided for vaporizing liquid methanol prior to introduction into the elongated cylinders (12). Exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is passed in contact with the elongated cylinders (12) to supply the heat needed for methanol decomposition. The partially cooled exhaust gases are then passed to the vaporizer (14) where residual heat in the exhaust is utilized in vaporization of liquid methanol.

摘要翻译： 通过催化反应器（10）的流动，其在200至650℃的温度下利用发动机排气选择性地将甲醇催化分解成不含烟灰的富氢产物气体，以提供用于蒸发和分解甲醇的热量。 反应器（10）与火花点火（28）或压缩点火（54）内燃机或燃气轮机（202）组合以提供内燃发动机系统。 该系统可以完全由在甲醇分解反应器中产生的富氢气体燃料，或者系统可以在用于瞬态功率增益和用于发动机系统的冷起动的混合燃料上操作。 反应器（10）包括由多个细长圆柱体（12）形成的分解区，所述细长圆柱体（12）包含蒸气可渗透的甲醇分解催化剂的主体（114），优选为诸如铜 - 锌的换档催化剂。 提供蒸发器（14），用于在引入细长圆柱体（12）之前使液体甲醇蒸发。 来自内燃机的废气通过与细长圆筒（12）接触以提供甲醇分解所需的热量。 然后将部分冷却的废气通入蒸发器（14），在蒸发器（14）中利用废气中的残余热量来蒸发液体甲醇。

公开(公告)号：US4033133A

公开(公告)日：1977-07-05

申请号：US668783

申请日：1976-03-22

申请人： John Houseman ,  Donald J. Cerini

发明人： John Houseman ,  Donald J. Cerini

IPC分类号： C01B3/38 ,  F01N3/30 ,  F02M27/02 ,  F02B33/44

CPC分类号： F01N3/306 ,  C01B3/386 ,  F02M27/02 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/0827 ,  C01B2203/0833 ,  C01B2203/085 ,  C01B2203/0883 ,  C01B2203/1023 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1609 ,  C01B2203/1619 ,  Y02P20/128 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02T10/20 ,  Y10S123/12 ,  Y10S48/08

摘要： A hydrogen generator provides hydrogen rich product gases which are mixed with the fuel being supplied to an internal combustion engine for the purpose of enabling a very lean mixture of that fuel to be used, whereby nitrous oxides emitted by the engine are minimized. The hydrogen generator contains a catalyst which must be heated to a pre-determined temperature before it can react properly. To simplify the process of heating up the catalyst at start-up time, either some of the energy produced by the engine such as engine exhaust gas, or electrical energy produced by the engine, or the engine exhaust gas may be used to heat up air which is then used to heat the catalyst.

摘要翻译： 氢气发生器提供富氢产物气体，其与供给内燃机的燃料混合，以便能够使用该燃料的非常贫的混合物，由此发动机排放的一氧化二氮最小化。 氢发生器含有催化剂，在催化剂能够正常反应之前，必须将其加热至预定温度。 为了简化在启动时加热催化剂的过程，发动机产生的一些能量如发动机废气或发动机产生的电能或发动机废气可用于加热空气 然后将其用于加热催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US3955941A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-11

申请号：US548559

申请日：1975-02-10

申请人： John Houseman ,  Jack H. Rupe ,  Raymond O. Kushida

发明人： John Houseman ,  Jack H. Rupe ,  Raymond O. Kushida

IPC分类号： C01B3/34 ,  C01B3/36 ,  F02M25/12 ,  C10J3/00

CPC分类号： F02M25/12 ,  C01B3/346 ,  C01B3/36 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02T10/121

摘要： A process and apparatus is described for producing a hydrogen rich gas by injecting air and hydrocarbon fuel at one end of a cylindrically shaped chamber to form a mixture, igniting the mixture to provide hot combustion gases, by partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon fuel. The combustion gases move away from the ignition region to another region where water is injected to be turned into steam by the hot combustion gases. The steam which is formed mixes with the hot gases present to yield a uniform hot gas whereby a steam reforming reaction with the hydrocarbon fuel takes place to produce a hydrogen rich gas.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于通过在圆柱形室的一端喷射空气和烃燃料以形成混合物以通过烃燃料的部分氧化点燃混合物以提供热燃烧气体来生产富氢气体的方法和装置。 燃烧气体离开点火区域移动到另一个注入水的区域，通过热燃烧气体转化成蒸汽。 形成的蒸汽与存在的热气体混合以产生均匀的热气体，由此进行与烃燃料的蒸汽重整反应以产生富氢气体。

公开(公告)号：US3971847A

公开(公告)日：1976-07-27

申请号：US553687

申请日：1975-02-27

申请人： John Houseman

发明人： John Houseman

IPC分类号： B01F3/04 ,  B01F5/00 ,  B01F5/02 ,  B01F13/10 ,  B01F15/06 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C02F1/04 ,  F02B43/00 ,  F02M27/00 ,  C01B1/13

CPC分类号： F02M27/00 ,  B01F3/04049 ,  B01F5/0057 ,  B01F5/02 ,  C01B3/363 ,  C02F1/04 ,  F02B43/00 ,  B01F2013/1052 ,  B01F2015/062 ,  B01F2215/0086 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02T10/32

摘要： A process and apparatus is described for producing a hydrogen rich gas by introducing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in the form of a spray into a partial oxidation region and mixing with a mixture of steam and air that is preheated by indirect heat exchange with the formed hydrogen rich gas, igniting the hydrocarbon fuel spray mixed with the preheated mixture of steam and air within the partial oxidation region to form a hydrogen rich gas. The apparatus for performing the process is in the form of a bell-shaped chamber which consists of an open cylinder wherein a partial oxidation reaction takes place. An air pasageway and a pipe for injecting water into the passageway are provided for forming a steam-air mixture. The air is preheated indirectly by the heat generated as a result of igniting a hydrocarbon fuel spray and thus the water is converted into steam when injected into the preheated air. The air-steam mixture is then conducted through a region of the hydrogen generator where a plurality of pipes are spaced and arranged to provide a heat exchange baffle. These pipes conduct the hydrogen rich gas after it has been generated in the open cylinder.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于通过将喷雾形式的液体烃燃料引入部分氧化区域并与蒸汽和空气的混合物混合来生产富氢气体的方法和装置，所述混合物通过间接热交换预热而形成的富氢 点燃与预热的部分氧化区域内蒸汽和空气混合物的烃燃料喷雾，形成富氢气体。 用于执行该过程的装置是形成一个钟形室，其形式为一个开放的气缸，其中发生部分氧化反应。 提供空气通道和用于将水注入通道的管道，用于形成蒸汽 - 空气混合物。 通过点燃烃燃料喷雾产生的热量间接地预热空气，因此当注入预热空气时，水被转化为蒸汽。 然后将空气 - 蒸汽混合物通过氢气发生器的区域，其中多个管道间隔开并布置成提供热交换挡板。 这些管道在开放气瓶中产生后，会导入富氢气体。

公开(公告)号：US4529407A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-16

申请号：US566951

申请日：1983-12-27

申请人： Ian F. Johnston ,  John Houseman

发明人： Ian F. Johnston ,  John Houseman

IPC分类号： C10L5/14 ,  C10L5/44 ,  C10L5/12

CPC分类号： C10L5/14 ,  C10L5/44 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/30

摘要： A fuel pellet comprises from about 97 to about 99 percent by weight naturally occurring combustible material of which at least 50 percent is natural cellulosic material and from about 1 to about 3 percent by weight synthetic polymeric thermoplastic material. Any balance of the naturally occurring combustible material is filler and is preferably selected from bark, stillage, byproducts of distillation processes, and coal. If old bark, stillage, or byproducts, such as tar and pitch, or coal are used, the amount of the material is limited to 30 percent. The free moisture content of the naturally occurring combustible material is from about 5 percent to about 15 percent by weight, with 10 to 13 being preferred and 10.5 to 11.5 percent being ideal. Substantially all the thermoplastic material is finer than 30 mesh and coarser than 80 mesh. The cellulosic material is no greater than an order of magnitude coarser than the plastic particles and its minimum size is related to bonding requirements between it and the plastic; it is finer than 10 mesh and coarser than 40 mesh. The filler is finer than 10 mesh. The synthetic thermoplastic material is distributed throughout the fuel pellet as discrete particles. A sheath of plastic is on the outside of the pellet. The thermoplastic material is solid at room temperature and has an injection molding temperature of about 95.degree. C. or more. The fuel pellet is made in an extruder where the temperature of the pellet is controlled to assure softening of the plastic within the forming pellet without agglomeration.

摘要翻译： 燃料颗粒包含约97至约99重量％的天然存在的可燃材料，其中至少50％是天然纤维素材料和约1至约3重量％的合成聚合物热塑性材料。 天然存在的可燃材料的任何平衡是填料，优选选自树皮，釜渣，蒸馏过程的副产物和煤。 如果使用旧的树皮，酒糟或副产品，如焦油和沥青，或煤炭，则材料的数量限制在30％。 天然存在的可燃材料的游离水分含量为约5％至约15％，优选为10至13，理想的为10.5至11.5％。 基本上所有的热塑性材料比30目较细，比80目较粗。 纤维素材料不比塑料颗粒大一个数量级，其最小尺寸与其与塑料之间的粘合要求有关; 它比10目更细，比40目更粗。 填料比10目更细。 合成热塑性材料作为离散颗粒分布在整个燃料颗粒中。 塑料外壳在颗粒的外侧。 热塑性材料在室温下为固体，注塑温度为约95℃以上。 燃料颗粒在挤出机中制造，其中颗粒的温度被控制以确保成型颗粒内的塑料的软化，而不会聚集。

公开(公告)号：US4041910A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-16

申请号：US564622

申请日：1975-04-02

申请人： John Houseman

发明人： John Houseman

IPC分类号： F02B43/10 ,  F02B75/18 ,  F02B75/20

CPC分类号： F02B75/20 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02B2075/1832 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y10S123/08

摘要： An arrangement for an internal combustion engine is provided in which one or more of the cylinders of the engine are used for generating hydrogen rich gases from hydrocarbon fuels, which gases are then mixed with air and injected into the remaining cylinders to be used as fuel. When heavy load conditions are encountered, hydrocarbon fuel may be mixed with the hydrogen rich gases and air and the mixture is then injected into the remaining cylinders as fuel.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于内燃机的装置，其中一个或多个发动机气缸用于从烃燃料产生富氢气体，然后将这些气体与空气混合并注入剩余的气缸中以用作燃料。 当遇到重载条件时，碳氢化合物燃料可与富氢气体和空气混合，然后将混合物作为燃料注入剩余气瓶。

公开(公告)号：US3982910A

公开(公告)日：1976-09-28

申请号：US487156

申请日：1974-07-10

申请人： John Houseman ,  Donald J. Cerini

发明人： John Houseman ,  Donald J. Cerini

IPC分类号： C01B3/32 ,  B01J23/00 ,  C01B3/22 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/38 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02M27/02 ,  F02M33/00 ,  B01J7/00

CPC分类号： F02M27/02 ,  C01B3/22 ,  C01B3/36 ,  F02B43/10 ,  Y02P20/129

摘要： A process and apparatus are described for producing hydrogen-rich product gases by mixing a spray of liquid hydrocarbon with a stream of air in a startup procedure and the mixture is ignited for partial oxidation, then the stream of air is heated by the resulting combustion to reach a temperature such that a signal is produced. The signal triggers a two way valve which directs liquid hydrocarbon from a spraying mechanism to a vaporizing mechanism with which a vaporized hydrocarbon is formed. The vaporized hydrocarbon is subsequently mixed with the heated air in the combustion chamber where partial oxidation takes place and hydrogen-rich product gases are produced.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于通过在启动过程中将液态烃喷射与空气流混合来产生富氢产物气体的方法和装置，并且将该混合物点燃用于部分氧化，然后通过所得燃烧将空气流加热至 达到产生信号的温度。 该信号触发双向阀，其将液体烃从喷射机构引导到形成蒸发的烃的汽化机构。 随后将蒸发的烃与燃烧室中的加热空气混合，其中发生部分氧化并产生富氢产物气体。