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公开(公告)号：US08961625B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-24
申请号：US11960515
申请日：2007-12-19
CPC分类号： B01J19/0093 , B01D67/0044 , B01D71/024 , B01D2325/22 , B01D2325/30 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00824 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00907 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/40 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/503 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/041 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/048 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1023 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/141 , C01B2203/145 , C01B2203/82 , Y02E60/324 , Y02P20/128
摘要： An apparatus and method for enhancing the yield and purity of hydrogen when reforming hydrocarbons is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including receiving a hydrocarbon feedstock fuel (e.g., methane, vaporized methanol, natural gas, vaporized diesel, etc.) and steam at a reaction zone and reacting the hydrocarbon feedstock fuel and steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is selectively removed from the reaction zone while the reaction is occurring by selectively diffusing the hydrogen gas through a porous ceramic membrane. The selective removal of hydrogen changes the equilibrium of the reaction and increases the amount of hydrogen that is extracted from the hydrocarbon feedstock fuel.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个实施方案中公开了一种用于在重整烃时提高氢气的产率和纯度的装置和方法，包括将烃原料燃料（例如甲烷，蒸发的甲醇，天然气，蒸发的柴油等）和蒸汽接收在 反应区，并在催化剂存在下使烃原料燃料和蒸汽反应以产生氢气。 通过选择性地将氢气扩散通过多孔陶瓷膜，反应是从反应区选择性地除去氢气。 氢的选择性除去会改变反应的平衡，并增加从烃原料燃料中提取的氢的量。
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公开(公告)号：US08350190B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US12036170
申请日：2008-02-22
CPC分类号： H05B7/08
摘要： A ceramic electrode for a gliding electric arc system. The ceramic electrode includes a ceramic fin defining a spine, a heel, and a tip. A discharge edge of the ceramic fin defines a diverging profile approximately from the heel of the ceramic fin to the tip of the ceramic fin. A mounting surface coupled to the ceramic fin facilitates mounting the ceramic fin within the gliding electric arc system. One or more ceramic electrodes may be used in the gliding electric arc system or other systems which at least partially oxidize a combustible material.
摘要翻译： 用于滑动电弧系统的陶瓷电极。 陶瓷电极包括限定脊柱，跟部和尖端的陶瓷翅片。 陶瓷翅片的放电边缘大致从陶瓷翅片的跟部到陶瓷片的尖端限定发散轮廓。 耦合到陶瓷翅片的安装表面便于将陶瓷翅片安装在滑动电弧系统内。 一个或多个陶瓷电极可用于滑动电弧系统或至少部分氧化可燃材料的其它系统。
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公开(公告)号：US20120267996A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-25
申请号：US12036170
申请日：2008-02-22
CPC分类号： H05B7/08
摘要： A ceramic electrode for a gliding electric arc system. The ceramic electrode includes a ceramic fin defining a spine, a heel, and a tip. A discharge edge of the ceramic fin defines a diverging profile approximately from the heel of the ceramic fin to the tip of the ceramic fin. A mounting surface coupled to the ceramic fin facilitates mounting the ceramic fin within the gliding electric arc system. One or more ceramic electrodes may be used in the gliding electric arc system or other systems which at least partially oxidize a combustible material.
摘要翻译： 用于滑动电弧系统的陶瓷电极。 陶瓷电极包括限定脊柱，跟部和尖端的陶瓷翅片。 陶瓷翅片的放电边缘大致从陶瓷翅片的跟部到陶瓷片的尖端限定发散轮廓。 耦合到陶瓷翅片的安装表面便于将陶瓷翅片安装在滑动电弧系统内。 一个或多个陶瓷电极可用于滑动电弧系统或至少部分氧化可燃材料的其它系统。
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公开(公告)号：US09666871B2
公开(公告)日：2017-05-30
申请号：US12240725
申请日：2008-09-29
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/124
CPC分类号： H01M8/1213 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/8642 , H01M4/8652 , H01M4/8846 , H01M4/905 , H01M4/9058 , H01M4/9066 , H01M8/2404 , H01M8/2425 , H01M2008/1293
摘要： A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for use in generating electricity while tolerating sulfur content in a fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte, a cathode, and a sulfur tolerant anode. The cathode is disposed on a first side of the electrolyte. The sulfur tolerant anode is disposed on a second side of the electrolyte opposite the cathode. The sulfur tolerant anode includes a composition of nickel, copper, and ceria to exhibit a substantially stable operating voltage at a constant current density in the presence of the sulfur content within the fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell is useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from reformate which includes synthesis gas (syngas) and sulfur content. The solid oxide fuel cell is also useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from unreformed hydrocarbon fuel.
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公开(公告)号：US08354011B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-15
申请号：US12950120
申请日：2010-11-19
申请人： S. Elangovan , Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Feng Zhao
发明人： S. Elangovan , Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Feng Zhao
CPC分类号： C25B1/02 , C25B11/04 , C25B11/0463 , H01M4/8652 , H01M4/9033 , H01M8/184 , H01M8/20 , H01M2008/1293 , Y02E60/528
摘要： An electrolyzer cell is disclosed which includes a cathode to reduce an oxygen-containing molecule, such as H2O, CO2, or a combination thereof, to produce an oxygen ion and a fuel molecule, such as H2, CO, or a combination thereof. An electrolyte is coupled to the cathode to transport the oxygen ion to an anode. The anode is coupled to the electrolyte to receive the oxygen ion and produce oxygen gas therewith. In one embodiment, the anode may be fabricated to include an electron-conducting phase having a perovskite crystalline structure or structure similar thereto. This perovskite may have a chemical formula of substantially (Pr(1-x)Lax)(z-y)A′yBO(3-∂), wherein 0
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电解池，其包括阴极以减少含氧分子，例如H 2 O，CO 2或其组合，以产生氧离子和诸如H 2，CO或其组合的燃料分子。 电解质耦合到阴极以将氧离子输送到阳极。 阳极耦合到电解质以接收氧离子并与其产生氧气。 在一个实施例中，可以制造阳极以包括具有类似于其的钙钛矿晶体结构或结构的电子传导相。 该钙钛矿可以具有基本上（Pr（1-x）Lax）（zy）A'yBO（3-∂）的化学式，其中0
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公开(公告)号：US5366819A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US133444
申请日：1993-10-06
CPC分类号： H01M8/247 , C01B3/384 , H01M8/0625 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A thermally integrated reformer (10) is located inside the stack furnace (12), housing stacks (14) of solid oxide fuel cells (16). The energy to support the endothermic reformation reaction converting hydrocarbon and water feedstock into hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel is supplied by heat recuperated from the oxidation process in the stack (14) of fuel cells (16). The source of hydrocarbons is de-sulfurized natural gas. Heat transfers to the incrementally shielded packed beds (30, 60) of the reactors (18, 19) of the reformer (10) by radiation from the stacks (14) and furnace wall (38) and by forced convection from the exhausting airflow exiting the stack furnace (12). Temperature gradients in the reformer (10) are controlled by selective (or incremented) radiation shielding (20) and by counterflow heat exchange to prevent excessive premature cracking in the reformer where carbonization would clog interstices and render the catalyst granules (32) ineffective.
摘要翻译： 热集成重整器（10）位于堆垛炉（12）的内部，固体氧化物燃料电池（16）的壳体堆叠（14）。 将碳氢化合物和水原料转化为氢气和一氧化碳燃料的支持吸热重整反应的能量是通过燃料电池（16）的堆叠（14）中的氧化过程回收的热来提供的。 烃的来源是脱硫天然气。 通过来自堆叠（14）和炉壁（38）的辐射以及通过从排出的气流排出的强制对流，热量传递到重整器（10）的反应器（18,19）的增量屏蔽的填充床（30,60） 堆垛炉（12）。 重整器（10）中的温度梯度通过选择性（或增量）辐射屏蔽（20）和逆流热交换来控制，以防止重整器中的过度开裂，其中碳化将堵塞间隙并使催化剂颗粒（32）无效。
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公开(公告)号：US08826834B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-09
申请号：US11777900
申请日：2007-07-13
CPC分类号： F23G7/003 , F23G5/02 , F23G5/10 , F23G2204/201 , F23G2209/20 , H05H1/48
摘要： A method and apparatus for incinerating a medical waste material. The method includes introducing a volume of the medical waste material into a plasma zone of a non-thermal plasma generator. The method also includes introducing a volume of oxidizer into the plasma zone of the non-thermal plasma generator. The method also includes generating an electrical discharge between electrodes within the plasma zone of the non-thermal plasma generator to incinerate the medical waste material.
摘要翻译： 一种用于焚烧医疗废物的方法和装置。 该方法包括将一定体积的医疗废料引入非热等离子体发生器的等离子体区域。 该方法还包括将一定量的氧化剂引入非热等离子体发生器的等离子体区域。 该方法还包括在非热等离子体发生器的等离子体区域内的电极之间产生放电，以焚化医疗废料。
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8.发明申请ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS USING ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND WATER 审中-公开使用大气和水生产合成气的电化学细胞公开(公告)号：US20120048730A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-01
申请号：US13286890
申请日：2011-11-01
申请人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Ashok V. Joshi , S. Elangovan , Shekar Balagopal , John Howard Gordon , Michele Hollist
发明人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Ashok V. Joshi , S. Elangovan , Shekar Balagopal , John Howard Gordon , Michele Hollist
CPC分类号： C25B1/02 , C25B1/00 , C25B1/04 , C25B9/206 , H01M2008/1293 , Y02E60/364 , Y02E60/366
摘要： A method is provided for synthesizing synthesis gas from carbon dioxide obtained from atmospheric air or other available carbon dioxide source and water using a sodium-conducting electrochemical cell. Synthesis gas is also produced by the coelectrolysis of carbon dioxide and steam in a solid oxide fuel cell or solid oxide electrolytic cell. The synthesis gas produced may then be further processed and eventually converted into a liquid fuel suitable for transportation or other applications.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于从使用导电电化学电池从大气或其它有用的二氧化碳源和水中获得的二氧化碳合成合成气的方法。 合成气也通过在固体氧化物燃料电池或固体氧化物电解池中的二氧化碳和蒸汽的共电解产生。 然后可以进一步处理产生的合成气并最终转化为适合于运输或其他应用的液体燃料。
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公开(公告)号：US20090090637A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-09
申请号：US11867354
申请日：2007-10-04
申请人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , S. Elangovan , Lyman Frost
发明人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , S. Elangovan , Lyman Frost
IPC分类号： C25B1/00
摘要： A method for increasing the reliability of an electrolyzer cell stack includes providing multiple electrolyzer cell stacks. Each electrolyzer cell stack includes multiple cells separated by electrically conductive interconnects. The method may further include generating, using an external power source, an electrical current through each of the electrolyzer cell stacks to produce a fuel. The method may further include electrically connecting an interconnect of a first electrolyzer cell stack to an interconnect of a second electrolyzer cell stack located at a substantially equivalent electrical potential. This allows current to flow from one electrolyzer cell stack to another in the event a cell fails or creates a point of high resistance.
摘要翻译： 提高电解槽电池堆的可靠性的方法包括提供多个电解槽电池堆。 每个电解池电池堆包括由导电互连分开的多个电池。 该方法还可以包括使用外部电源产生通过每个电解池单元堆的电流以产生燃料。 该方法可以进一步包括将第一电解槽电池的互连电连接到位于基本相当的电位的第二电解槽电池的互连。 在电池故障或产生高电阻点的情况下，这允许电流从一个电解池电池堆流到另一个。
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20070259228A1
公开(公告)日：2007-11-08
申请号：US11745942
申请日：2007-05-08
申请人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Singaravelu Elangovan , Piotr Czernichowski , Michele Hollist , Michael Boettcher
发明人： Joseph J. Hartvigsen , Singaravelu Elangovan , Piotr Czernichowski , Michele Hollist , Michael Boettcher
CPC分类号： H01M8/0618 , C01B3/342 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0445 , C01B2203/062 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0805 , C01B2203/0861 , C01B2203/0866 , H01M8/0643 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/145 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2250/405 , H01M2300/0051 , H01M2300/0074 , Y02B90/16 , Y02E60/50 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A reformer is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a channel to convey a preheated plurality of reactants containing both a feedstock fuel and an oxidant. A plasma generator is provided to apply an electrical potential to the reactants sufficient to ionize one or more of the reactants. These ionized reactants are then conveyed to a reaction zone where they are chemically transformed into synthesis gas containing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A heat transfer mechanism is used to transfer heat from an external heat source to the reformer to provide the heat of reformation.
摘要翻译： 在本发明的一个实施方案中公开了重整器，包括用于输送含有原料燃料和氧化剂的预热的多个反应物的通道。 提供等离子体发生器以向足以使一种或多种反应物电离的反应物施加电势。 然后将这些电离的反应物输送到反应区，在反应区中化学转化成含有氢和一氧化碳的混合物的合成气。 使用传热机构将热量从外部热源传递到重整器以提供改造热。
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