摘要:
An internal combustion engine has a compressor in its intake passage and an exhaust turbine driven by exhaust gases, the turbine driving the compressor. A charge pipe downstream from the compressor charges a plenum chamber and the output from the plenum chamber passes through an intake pipe equipped with a throttle valve. The cross section area of the charge pipe is less than that of the maximum opening through the throttle valve. A branch pipe connects the charge pipe to a resonance chamber and the cross section area of the branch pipe is equal to or greater than the restricted cross section area of the charge pipe, with the result that surging of the compressor is minimized.
摘要:
A turbo-supercharger is provided for internal combustion engines which comprises a turbine disposed at an intermediate portion of an exhaust passage for the engine, and which is driven by a gas flowing therein. A compressor is disposed at an intermediate portion of a suction passage for the engine and is driven by said turbine. Also, a pre-chamber is disposed at that portion of the suction passage which is on the downstream side of the compressor, and is characterized by a resonance chamber which is communicated with the suction passage via a branch passage. The branch passage can be connected to the suction passage between the pre-chamber and the compressor, between the throttle valve and a fuel injection nozzle, on the upstream side of the compressor or directly at the pre-chamber.
摘要:
An internal combustion engine fuel injection control apparatus is disclosed in which a basic fuel injection signal for light load is calculated as a function of the manifold pressure when the engine is operating with a light load, and a basic fuel injection signal for heavy load is obtained with the revolution number and the throttle valve position as the parameters when the engine is operating with a heavy load. The engine load condition (light or heavy) is decided in dependence upon the throttle valve position or the manifold pressure. The circuit employed for switch-over from a heavy load to a light load or vice versa preferably has a hysteresis characteristic.
摘要:
A probe device including a circuit board for inspection having a great number of inspection electrodes, a probe card having a circuit board for connection having a great number of terminal electrodes and a contact member, an anisotropically conductive connector arranged between the circuit board for inspection and the circuit board for connection and electrically connecting the respective inspection electrodes to the respective terminal electrodes, and a parallelism adjusting mechanism for adjusting a parallelism of the circuit board for inspection and the circuit board for connection to the wafer. The parallelism adjusting mechanism includes a location-varying mechanism, which relatively displaces the circuit board for inspection or the circuit board for connection in the thickness-wise direction of the anisotropically conductive connector. A wafer inspection apparatus can include the probe device.
摘要:
A die for molding a disk substrate capable of forming fine recessed and projected pits and grooves up to the outer periphery of the disk substrate by preventing low heat conductive elements from peeling off and burrs from occurring on the outer periphery thereof. The die includes a first base die, a second base die disposed oppositely to the first base die, a first low heat conductive element fixed to the first base die, a stamper fixed onto the first low heat conductive element, a second low heat conductive element fixed onto the second base die, and a ring-like regulating member fitted to and in slidable contact with either of the first and second low heat conductive elements. The die is characterized in that the end part of the ring-shaped regulating member is positioned within the range of the outer peripheral side face of the low heat conductive element in slidable contact therewith.
摘要:
A probe device including a circuit board for inspection having a great number of inspection electrodes, a probe card having a circuit board for connection having a great number of terminal electrodes and a contact member, an anisotropically conductive connector arranged between the circuit board for inspection and the circuit board for connection and electrically connecting the respective inspection electrodes to the respective terminal electrodes, and a parallelism adjusting mechanism for adjusting a parallelism of the circuit board for inspection and the circuit board for connection to the wafer. The parallelism adjusting mechanism includes a location-varying mechanism, which relatively displaces the circuit board for inspection or the circuit board for connection in the thickness-wise direction of the anisotropically conductive connector. A wafer inspection apparatus can include the probe device.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are an anisotropically conductive connector, by which good conductivity is retained over a long period of time even when it is used in electrical inspection of a plurality of integrated circuits formed on a wafer repeatedly over a great number of times, and thus high durability and long service life are achieved, and applications thereof. The anisotropically conductive connector of the invention comprises elastic anisotropically conductive films, in each of which a plurality of conductive parts for connection containing conductive particles and extending in a thickness-wise direction of the film have been formed. The conductive particles contained in the conductive parts for connection in the anisotropically conductive connector are obtained by laminating surfaces of core particles exhibiting magnetism with a coating layer formed of a high-conductive metal, and the coating layer is a coating layer having a high hardness.
摘要:
An optical information recording medium is manufactured by bonding a first substrate having a first central bore and a second substrate having a second central bore to each other with radiation cure resin. The radiation cure resin is coated on the first substrate. The first and second substrates are brought into close contact with each other so as to form the first and second substrates integrally with the radiation cure resin. A neighborhood of the first and second central bores is radiated. A whole of at least one of opposite outer faces of the integral first and second substrates is irradiated with radiation so as to wholly cure the radiation cure resin.
摘要:
An optical disk is constructed such that a thin film including a reflective layer is formed on a substrate, or on a thermoplastic resin layer on the substrate. A stamper having an asperity pattern corresponding to information signals is directly pressed against the thin film to transfer the asperity pattern on the thin film. Heat-pressing the stamper against the thin film makes it possible to further accurately transfer the asperity of the stamper to the reflective layer with less pressing force, in the case where the reflective layer is formed on the thermoplastic resin layer.
摘要:
A liquid-crystal panel comprises a pair of transparent glass substrates each being provided with an electrode. Between the glass substrates are disposed spacers for defining a space and a mixture of droplets of a liquid crystal having a mean diameter of 3.0 &mgr;m or less and of a photo-curing polymer. The edge portions of the glass substrates are sealed with a seal polymer. In curing the photo-curing polymer during the process of manufacturing the liquid-crystal panel, the dose of an ultraviolet ray is set to 500 mJ/cm2 or more so as to reduce the diameters of the droplets of the liquid crystal, thereby preventing light leakage in the state without a voltage applied and improving the contrast. If the spacers are colored, the effect of preventing light leakage is increased. If the spacers are subjected to a surface treatment for rejecting the liquid crystal or composed of a polymer material of the same type as that of the photo-curing polymer, variations in diameter of the droplets of the liquid crystal can be prevented. With the structure, it becomes possible to provide a liquid-crystal panel in which light leakage in the black mode is reduced and which presents uniform and high-contrast display of images.