公开(公告)号：US06452187B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US09645377

申请日：2000-08-24

申请人： Lewis Taylor Claiborne ,  Pradip Mitra

发明人： Lewis Taylor Claiborne ,  Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： H01L3109

CPC分类号： H01L31/109

摘要： A two-color photodetector for detecting two different bands of infrared radiation is described. The photodetector includes either a diffractive resonant optical cavity that resonates at the two colors of interest, or a diffractive resonant optical cavity that resonates at the first color and a vertical resonant optical cavity that resonates at the second color. By placing materials that absorb only one of the two colors at the appropriate locations within the resonate structure, the resultant signals include little cross-talk due to the opposite color. The two-color photodetector finds use in applications covering a wide portion of the infrared spectrum.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于检测两个不同的红外辐射带的双色光电探测器。 光电检测器包括以感兴趣的两种颜色谐振的衍射谐振光学腔或者以第一颜色谐振的衍射谐振光学腔和以第二种颜色谐振的垂直共振光腔。 通过将仅吸收两种颜色之一的材料放置在谐振结构内的适当位置处，所得到的信号由于相反的颜色而包括很少的串扰。 双色光电探测器用于覆盖广泛部分红外光谱的应用中。

公开(公告)号：USRE41239E1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-20

申请号：US11503543

申请日：2006-08-10

申请人： James R. Wood ,  Pradip Mitra

发明人： James R. Wood ,  Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： G02B1/10

CPC分类号： G02B5/284 ,  H01S3/0057

摘要： A method and apparatus for stretching a pulse, shaping a stretched pulse, and modeling a stretched and/or shaped pulse are disclosed. An etalon has a port, a partially reflective surface, and a fully reflective surface. A base pulse is introduced into the etalon, and a plurality of portions of the base pulse propagating from the etalon are collected. The collected portions are then combined to generate a stretched pulse whose width is proportional to the width of the base pulse. This can be modeled by assigning a transmission factor value to each one of a plurality of tags and a reflection factor value to each one of the taps, excepting only one tap. A transport delay for is assigned to each tap to which a reflection factor value was assigned, wherein the transport delay is proportional to the width of a base pulse.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于拉伸脉冲，成形拉伸脉冲以及对拉伸和/或成形脉冲建模的方法和装置。 标准具具有端口，部分反射表面和完全反射的表面。 将基准脉冲引入到标准具中，并收集从标准具传播的基本脉冲的多个部分。 然后将收集的部分组合以产生其宽度与基本脉冲的宽度成比例的拉伸脉冲。 这可以通过将传输因子值分配给多个标签中的每一个标签，并且将反射因子值分配给每个抽头，除了仅一个抽头来建模。 分配给分配了反射因子值的每个抽头的传输延迟，其中传输延迟与基本脉冲的宽度成比例。

公开(公告)号：US20100079631A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-01

申请号：US12241649

申请日：2008-09-30

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： H04N5/335

CPC分类号： H01L27/14636 ,  H01L27/14618 ,  H01L27/14634 ,  H01L27/1464 ,  H01L27/14645 ,  H01L27/14687 ,  H01L27/1469 ,  H01L27/14696 ,  H01L2224/81141 ,  H01L2224/81193 ,  H04N5/3696

摘要： A method for manufacturing an imaging device is provided. The method comprises forming a contact pad over a semiconductor substrate. The contact pad has a malleable metal. The method further comprises providing a readout circuit having a first side and a contact plug. The contact plug has a base affixed to the first side of the readout circuit and a plurality of prongs extending from the base away from the first side. The first side of the readout circuit is moved towards the substrate so that the prongs of the contact plug are pressed into the pad and displace a portion of the pad into a space defined by and between a first and a second of the prongs. Stop elements formed over the substrate are aligned with and contact stop elements provided on the readout circuit so that the prongs are inhibited from passing completely through the contact pad.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于制造成像装置的方法。 该方法包括在半导体衬底上形成接触焊盘。 接触垫具有可延展的金属。 该方法还包括提供具有第一侧和接触插塞的读出电路。 接触插头具有固定在读出电路的第一侧上的基座和从底座延伸离开第一侧的多个插脚。 读出电路的第一侧朝向衬底移动，使得接触插头的插脚被压入衬垫中，并将衬垫的一部分移动到由第一和第二插脚之间限定的空间中。 形成在衬底上的停止元件与设置在读出电路上的止动元件对准并且接触止动元件，使得插脚被禁止完全穿过接触垫。

公开(公告)号：US07612340B2

公开(公告)日：2009-11-03

申请号：US11196100

申请日：2005-08-03

申请人： Jeffrey Don Beck ,  Pradip Mitra ,  Chang-Feng Wan ,  Michael A. Kinch

发明人： Jeffrey Don Beck ,  Pradip Mitra ,  Chang-Feng Wan ,  Michael A. Kinch

IPC分类号： H01L31/107 ,  G01J5/20

CPC分类号： H01L31/02027 ,  H01L31/0296 ,  H01L31/02966 ,  H01L31/1032 ,  H01L31/105 ,  H01L31/107

摘要： An avalanche photodiode is operated in avalanche mode at a selected reverse bias that achieves high gain and a reduced gain normalized dark current.

摘要翻译： 雪崩光电二极管以选择的反向偏置在雪崩模式下操作，其实现高增益和减小的标准化暗电流。

公开(公告)号：US20070173707A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-26

申请号：US11686029

申请日：2007-03-14

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： A61B5/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/015 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/418

摘要： A method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described. The use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue, especially in the case of cancerous tissue. By sensing skin temperature, the homogeneity thereof, the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images, the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives. The increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks, tattoos and freckles. The present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images.

摘要翻译： 描述了基于红外成像在两个不同红外波长带中检测患病组织的方法和装置。 使用两个不同红外波段的红外图像系列增加了对病变皮肤和组织引起的细微温度变化的敏感性，特别是在癌组织的情况下。 通过感测皮肤温度，其均匀性，其时间变化和两系列红外图像之间的相关性，本发明降低了误报率和假阴性率。 由于两系列红外图像的增加的鉴别，即使在诸如胎记，纹身和雀斑之类的皮肤色调变化的存在下也可以可靠地检测患病或癌组织。 本发明在乳腺癌检测领域中具有特殊的应用，其中可以使用两个系列的红外图像容易地感测到微妙的皮肤温度变化。

公开(公告)号：US06897447B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-24

申请号：US10310613

申请日：2002-12-05

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/60 ,  H01L31/101 ,  H01L31/103 ,  G01J5/02 ,  H01L25/00

CPC分类号： G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/60 ,  H01L31/101 ,  H01L31/1035

摘要： A multi-spectral photodetector for detecting two or more different bands of infrared radiation is described. The photodetector includes a diffractive resonant optical cavity that resonates at the two or more infrared radiation bands of interest. By detecting infrared radiation at two or more discrete applied biases and by generating a spectral response curve for the photodetector at each of these biases, the response to each of the individual bands of infrared radiation can be calculated. The response to each band of infrared radiation can be found by deconvolving the response at each bias. The photodetector finds many uses including military and medical imaging applications and can cover a broad portion of the infrared spectrum.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于检测两个或更多个不同的红外线辐射带的多光谱光电检测器。 光电检测器包括在感兴趣的两个或更多个红外辐射带处共振的衍射谐振光学腔。 通过在两个或更多个离散施加的偏压下检测红外辐射，并且通过在这些偏压中的每一个处产生光电检测器的光谱响应曲线，可以计算对每个红外辐射的各个带的响应。 通过在每个偏压下解卷积反应可以发现对每个红外辐射带的响应。 光电探测器发现了许多用途，包括军事和医学成像应用，并且可以覆盖广泛的红外光谱。

公开(公告)号：US06208005B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

申请号：US09259877

申请日：1999-03-01

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： H01L3100

CPC分类号： H01L31/1832 ,  H01L31/0296

摘要： A variable bandgap infrared absorbing material, Hg1-x Cdx Te, is manufactured by use of the process termed MOCVD-IMP (Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition-Interdiffused Multilayer Process). A substantial reduction in the dislocation defect density can be achieved through this method by use of CdZnTe layers which have a zinc mole fraction selected to produce a lattice constant which is substantially similar to the lattice constant of HgTe. After the multilayer pairs of HgTe and Cd0.944Zn0.056Te are produced by epitaxial growth, the structure is annealed to interdiffuse the alternating layers to produce a homogeneous alloy of mercury cadmium zinc telluride. The mole fraction x in Hg1-x(Cd0.944Zn0.056)xTe can be varied to produce a structure responsive to multiple wavelength bands of infrared radiation, but without changing the lattice constant. The alloy composition is varied by changing the relative thicknesses of HgTe and Cd0.944Zn0.056Te. A similar structure can also be fabricated using HgTe and lattice matched CdTe1-ySey. Thus, a multi-band infrared absorbing material structure can be fabricated which has reduced dislocation defects, and thereby produce detectors with improved performance.

摘要翻译： 通过使用称为MOCVD-IMP（金属有机化学气相沉积 - 相互扩散的多层工艺）的方法制造可变带隙红外吸收材料Hg1-x Cdx Te。 通过这种方法可以通过使用选择锌摩尔分数的CdZnTe层来产生基本上类似于HgTe的晶格常数的晶格常数来实现位错缺陷密度的显着降低。 在通过外延生长生成多层对的HgTe和Cd0.944Zn0.056Te之后，将结构退火以相互扩散交替层以产生汞镉锌碲化物的均匀合金。 Hg1-x（Cd0.944Zn0.056）xTe中的摩尔分数x可以变化，以产生响应于红外辐射的多个波长带，但不改变晶格常数的结构。 通过改变HgTe和Cd0.944Zn0.556Te的相对厚度来改变合金组成。 也可以使用HgTe和晶格匹配的CdTe1-ySey制造类似的结构。 因此，可以制造具有减少的位错缺陷的多频带红外线吸收材料结构，从而产生具有改进性能的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US08634005B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-21

申请号：US12241649

申请日：2008-09-30

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： H04N3/14 ,  H04N5/335

CPC分类号： H01L27/14636 ,  H01L27/14618 ,  H01L27/14634 ,  H01L27/1464 ,  H01L27/14645 ,  H01L27/14687 ,  H01L27/1469 ,  H01L27/14696 ,  H01L2224/81141 ,  H01L2224/81193 ,  H04N5/3696

摘要： A method for manufacturing an imaging device is provided. The method comprises forming a contact pad over a semiconductor substrate. The contact pad has a malleable metal. The method further comprises providing a readout circuit having a first side and a contact plug. The contact plug has a base affixed to the first side of the readout circuit and a plurality of prongs extending from the base away from the first side. The first side of the readout circuit is moved towards the substrate so that the prongs of the contact plug are pressed into the pad and displace a portion of the pad into a space defined by and between a first and a second of the prongs. Stop elements formed over the substrate are aligned with and contact stop elements provided on the readout circuit so that the prongs are inhibited from passing completely through the contact pad.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于制造成像装置的方法。 该方法包括在半导体衬底上形成接触焊盘。 接触垫具有可延展的金属。 该方法还包括提供具有第一侧和接触插塞的读出电路。 接触插头具有固定在读出电路的第一侧上的基座和从底座延伸离开第一侧的多个插脚。 读出电路的第一侧朝向衬底移动，使得接触插头的插脚被压入衬垫中，并将衬垫的一部分移动到由第一和第二插脚之间限定的空间中。 形成在衬底上的停止元件与设置在读出电路上的止动元件对准并且接触止动元件，使得插脚被禁止完全穿过接触垫。

公开(公告)号：US07759644B2

公开(公告)日：2010-07-20

申请号：US12050460

申请日：2008-03-18

申请人： Pradip Mitra ,  James E Robinson ,  John M Dell ,  Charlie A Musca ,  Laurie Faraone

发明人： Pradip Mitra ,  James E Robinson ,  John M Dell ,  Charlie A Musca ,  Laurie Faraone

IPC分类号： G01J5/20

CPC分类号： G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/36

摘要： A tunable infrared detector is provided that includes a substrate, a bottom wavelength detector formed over the substrate, a top wavelength detector formed over the first wavelength detector layer, and an interferometer filter formed over the top wavelength detector layer and the bottom wavelength detector layer. The interferometer filter is operatively configured to pass a first wavelength associated with a first portion of a predetermined band and a second wavelength associated with a second portion of the predetermined band to the top wavelength detector. The top wavelength detector is operatively configured to detect each wavelength associated with the first portion of the predetermined band and to transmit each wavelength associated with the second portion of the predetermined band to the bottom wavelength detector. The bottom wavelength detector is operatively configured to detect each wavelength associated with the second portion of the predetermined band.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种可调谐红外检测器，其包括衬底，形成在衬底上的底部波长检测器，形成在第一波长检测器层上的顶部波长检测器，以及形成在顶部波长检测器层和底部波长检测器层上的干涉仪滤波器。 干涉仪滤波器被可操作地配置成将与预定频带的第一部分相关联的第一波长和与预定频带的第二部分相关联的第二波长传递到顶部波长检测器。 顶部波长检测器被可操作地配置为检测与预定波段的第一部分相关联的每个波长，并将与预定波段的第二部分相关联的每个波长传输到底部波长检测器。 底部波长检测器可操作地配置为检测与预定波段的第二部分相关联的每个波长。

公开(公告)号：US20070161923A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-12

申请号：US11686285

申请日：2007-03-14

申请人： Pradip Mitra

发明人： Pradip Mitra

IPC分类号： A61B5/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/415 ,  A61B5/015 ,  A61B5/026 ,  A61B5/418

摘要： A method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described. The use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue, especially in the case of cancerous tissue. By sensing skin temperature, the homogeneity thereof, the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images, the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives. The increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks, tattoos and freckles. The present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images.