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公开(公告)号：US4087078A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-02
申请号：US677059
申请日：1976-04-14
申请人： Masami Joraku , Koji Yamauchi , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Masahiro Ueno
发明人： Masami Joraku , Koji Yamauchi , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Masahiro Ueno
摘要： A moving apparatus for a load lifts the load by the torque of a motor, and balances and holds the same with the aid of a mechanical brake when the apparatus stops. A timing device is incorporated in brake control so that when the apparatus stops in response to a signal indicating that a zero speed is designated, the mechanical brake is operated with a time lag after the receipt of the signal and, as soon as the brake is applied, the power supply to the motor is cut off. This arrangement remarkably reduces the impact of stopping upon the mechanical brake and drive, lessens the wear of the brake, permits reduction in size of the components and extends the service life of the components, thus providing an apparatus which saves power in comparison with conventional equipment.
摘要翻译： 用于负载的移动装置通过电动机的扭矩提升负载，并且当装置停止时借助机械制动器平衡并保持负载。 定时装置被并入制动控制中，使得当装置响应于指示零速度的信号停止时，机械制动器在接收到信号之后以时间延迟运行，并且一旦制动器 应用时，电机的电源被切断。 这种布置显着地减少了停止在机械制动和驱动上的影响，减小了制动器的磨损，允许部件的尺寸减小并且延长了部件的使用寿命，从而提供了一种与常规设备相比节省功率的装置 。
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公开(公告)号：US4836991A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-06
申请号：US41224
申请日：1987-04-22
CPC分类号： B01D53/501
摘要： Optimum overall operation of a whole plant including a combustion unit such as a boiler and a wet-process flue gas desulfurization unit comprising an absorption column for removing sulfur dioxide from a flue gas from the combustion unit by absorption using a slurry of an absorbing agent such as limestone powder circulated through absorption column, recycle pumps for circulating the slurry through the absorption column and oxidation air blowers for supplying an oxidation air to the absorption column and a recycle tank is controlled by anticipating a future pH value of the circulating slurry and a future inlet sulfur dioxide content of the flue gas from a present pH value of the circulating slurry and a present inlet sulfur dioxide content of the flue gas and their change rates by computing, anticipating a future desulfurization ratio from both the anticipated pH value and inlet SO.sub.2 content and a recycle rate of the slurry, and controlling the recycle rate of the circulating slurry on the basis of the anticipated desulfurization ratio, where a desired desulfurization ratio can be readily and continuously maintained against any change in fuel species and load of a boiler with reduced utility consumption.
摘要翻译： 包括诸如锅炉和湿式烟道气脱硫单元的燃烧单元的整个设备的最佳总体操作包括吸收塔，用于通过使用吸收剂的浆料吸收来自燃烧单元的烟道气中的二氧化硫， 作为通过吸收塔循环的石灰石粉末，用于使浆料循环通过吸收塔的再循环泵和用于向吸收塔供给氧化空气的氧化鼓风机和再循环罐通过预期循环浆料的未来pH值和未来来控制 来自循环浆料的现有pH值的烟道气的入口二氧化硫含量和烟道气的当前入口二氧化硫含量及其变化率通过计算，从预期的pH值和入口SO 2含量预测未来的脱硫比 和浆料的再循环率，并控制循环浆料的再循环率 以预期的脱硫比为基础，其中可以容易且持续地维持所需的脱硫比，以抵抗燃料种类的变化和具有降低的公用事业消耗的锅炉的负荷。
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公开(公告)号：US4741692A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-03
申请号：US782624
申请日：1985-10-01
摘要： In a burner igniter using a ceramic heater, the resistance of the ceramic heater is detected to perform feedback control so that the temperature of the heater is maintained substantially constant to prevent both misfiring and overheating, while rapid temperature rise can also be obtained. The resistance value detected by a bridge circuit is fed to a proportional-integral controller which produces a control signal, while the current fed to the ceramic heater is also detected. The control signal and another signal indicative of the current to the ceramic heater are used to control a power source of the ceramic heater so that the current to the ceramic heater is controlled. A monitoring circuit responsive to both the resistance of the ceramic heater and the current fed to the ceramic heater may be added to warn a user that the life of the ceramic heater will soon end. The ceramic heater may comprise a portion having negative temperature coefficient, through which portion leak current would flow when the temperature of the ceramic heater rises so as to prevent overheating.
摘要翻译： 在使用陶瓷加热器的燃烧器点火器中，检测陶瓷加热器的电阻以进行反馈控制，使得加热器的温度保持基本上恒定，以防止发生错火和过热，同时也可以获得快速的温度升高。 由电桥电路检测的电阻值被馈送到产生控制信号的比例积分控制器，同时还检测馈送到陶瓷加热器的电流。 控制信号和指示到陶瓷加热器的电流的另一个信号用于控制陶瓷加热器的电源，从而控制到陶瓷加热器的电流。 可以添加响应于陶瓷加热器的电阻和馈送到陶瓷加热器的电流的监测电路，以向用户警告陶瓷加热器的寿命即将结束。 陶瓷加热器可以包括具有负温度系数的部分，当陶瓷加热器的温度上升时，部分泄漏电流将流过，以防止过热。
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公开(公告)号：US5251434A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US799963
申请日：1991-11-29
IPC分类号： F02C3/26 , F01K23/06 , F02C3/14 , F02C3/20 , F02C7/141 , F02C7/143 , F02C9/18 , F22B1/02 , F23C10/16 , F02C6/18
CPC分类号： F02C7/143 , F01K23/062 , F02C3/205 , Y02E20/16
摘要： A pressurized fluidized-bed boiler power plant comprises: a pressurized fluidized-bed boiler including a fluidized-bed boiler and a pressure vessel containing the fluidized bed; a single-shaft gas turbine including a gas turbine, an air compressor and an electric generator; and a steam turbine unit in which steam generated by the pressurized fluidized-bed boiler drives a turbine so that electricity is generated. In the power plant, an air cooler is situated on a duct for conveying the compressed air from the compressor to the boiler or at an inlet of the compressor. Alternatively, there may be provided a device for conveying the compressed air from the compressor by way of the air cooler to a space formed by the fluidized-bed boiler and the pressure vessel of the pressurized fluidized-bed boiler. During operation, the compressed air is cooled to a temperature level allowable for the pressure vessel before it is supplied to the boiler.
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公开(公告)号：US4788412A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US55948
申请日：1987-06-01
IPC分类号： B23K9/10
CPC分类号： B23K9/1093
摘要： A method and an apparatus for controlling the hot-wire welding process is disclosed in which the heating power for a hot-wire is automatically regulated to a proper value. The wire-heating power after fusing of a filler wire by being overheated is set to a level lower than the heating power immediately before wire fusing, and the wire-heating power is again increased gradually from the set value until the wire is fused by being overheated. By repeating this process, the molten state of the filler wire in the hot-wire TIG welding is automatically kept in optimum condition without requiring any operation of the welding operator or his intuition. Further, during the energization of the filler wire, the instant of fusing by overheating of the wire is detected, and the detected signal is used to sharply reduce or suspend the wire current immediately, whereby spatters which otherwise might be caused by fusing of the overheated wire is prevented or greatly reduced, and the adhesion of the spatters to the arc electrode is prevented, thereby permitting a hot-wire welding operation continuously over a long time. Furthermore, a pulsed current is used for heating the filler wire, and the wire terminal voltage during de-energization of the wire is detected, thereby detecting whether the wire is in contact with a base metal. If the wire is not in contact with the base metal, a current is not supplied during the next pulse application period, so that the current is prevented from flowing from a tungsten electrode to the wire while the wire is not in contact with the base metal.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于控制热丝焊接工艺的方法和装置，其中热丝的加热功率被自动调节到适当的值。 通过过热将填充线熔接后的线加热功率设定为低于线熔点之前的加热功率的水平，并且线加热功率再次从设定值逐渐增加，直到线熔断为止 过热 通过重复该过程，热丝TIG焊接中的焊丝的熔融状态自动保持在最佳状态，而不需要焊接操作者的任何操作或他的直觉。 此外，在填充线的通电期间，检测到线的过热的熔化瞬间，并且检测到的信号用于立即急剧地减少或暂停线电流，从而由于过热的熔化而引起的飞溅 防止或大大降低线，并且防止飞溅物与电弧电极的粘附，从而允许长时间连续地进行热丝焊接操作。 此外，使用脉冲电流来加热填充线，并且检测线的断电期间的线端电压，从而检测线是否与贱金属接触。 如果导线不与基体金属接触，则在下一个脉冲施加期间不提供电流，从而防止电流从钨电极流向导线，同时电线不与基体金属接触 。
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公开(公告)号：US4228359A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：US929130
申请日：1978-07-28
申请人： Hiroshi Matsumoto , Yoshio Sato , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Yoshiyuki Nakano , Fumio Kato , Katsukuni Hisano , Katsuto Kashiwahara , Yasuhiko Otawara , Toshihiko Higashi , Yasuhiro Tennichi , Jube Matsumura , Koichiro Fukushima
发明人： Hiroshi Matsumoto , Yoshio Sato , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Yoshiyuki Nakano , Fumio Kato , Katsukuni Hisano , Katsuto Kashiwahara , Yasuhiko Otawara , Toshihiko Higashi , Yasuhiro Tennichi , Jube Matsumura , Koichiro Fukushima
摘要： The present stress in the turbine rotor is estimated at each control period, from the steam temperature and pressure at the turbine inlet. In addition, the future turbine inlet steam temperature or pressure is preestimated once every n.sub.T control cycles, for a given speed or load changing rate, making use of data concerning the changing rate of the turbine steam inlet temperature or pressure in relation with the change of the speed or load, which has been obtained by a learning of the past turbine operating condition. This future steam temperature or pressure at the turbine inlet is used as a factor for preestimating the future stress expected to be caused in the turbine rotor. The preestimation of the rotor stress is performed for a plurality of assumed speed or load changing rates. The turbine is controlled at the maximum speed increase-rate or load changing rate which would not cause the future stress preestimated over a given preestimation time to exceed a limit stress. An observation of the present stress is made at each control period to check whether the limit stress is not exceeded by the present stress.
摘要翻译： 根据涡轮机入口处的蒸汽温度和压力，在每个控制周期估计涡轮转子中的当前应力。 另外，对于给定的速度或负荷变化率，在每个nT控制循环中预先设想未来的涡轮进口蒸汽温度或压力一次，利用关于涡轮机进气温度或压力变化率的数据与 通过学习过去的涡轮机操作条件而获得的速度或负载。 涡轮机入口处的未来蒸汽温度或压力被用作预先估计在涡轮转子中引起的未来应力的因素。 对于多个假想速度或负载变化率来执行转子应力的预测。 涡轮机以最大速度增加速率或负载变化率进行控制，这不会导致在给定预测时间内预测的未来应力超过极限应力。 在每个控制周期进行当前应力的观察，以检查当前应力是否超过极限应力。
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公开(公告)号：US4792912A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-20
申请号：US726645
申请日：1985-04-24
CPC分类号： F22B35/18 , G01N25/00 , H01L2224/29 , H01L2224/29298 , H01L2924/00011 , H01L2924/00013
摘要： Thermal stress of a metal portion of a pressure-tight tube is calculated on the basis of calculated values of a temperature distribution calculator for calculating the distribution of temperature at positions equidistantly arranged in a direction of the thickness of the aforesaid tube on the basis of measured values of metal portion of the aforesaid tube, whereby the thermal stress being changed momently is accurately measured and monitored. Further, there is provided a calculation cycle setter for presetting calculation cycles on the basis of measured values of the fluid temperature in the aforesaid tube. The calculation cycles are made short when fluctuations in the measured values of the fluid temperature are large, while, the calculation cycles are made long when fluctuations in the measured values of the fluid temperature are small.
摘要翻译： 基于计算出的温度分布计算器的计算值来计算压力管的金属部分的热应力，该温度分布计算器用于计算基于测量的上述管的厚度方向等距离排列的位置处的温度分布 上述管的金属部分的值被精确地测量和监测，从而瞬时改变热应力。 此外，提供了用于基于上述管中的流体温度的测量值来预设计算周期的计算周期设定器。 当流体温度的测量值的波动大时，计算周期变短，而当流体温度的测量值的波动小时，计算周期变长。
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公开(公告)号：US4023135A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-10
申请号：US613500
申请日：1975-09-15
摘要： Apparatus for detecting the number of objects such as the number of persons located within a predetermined area. Ultrasonic wave is emitted toward the objects, the number of which is to be determined, and the reflected waves from the objects are received by a receiver. Among the received reflection waves, the waves having an amplitude greater than a predetermined peak value are derived as the useful reflection wave signal having a constant peak value. The number of the objects is determined based on the quantity of the derived reflection wave signals having the constant peak value. By emitting the ultrasonic wave for every unit time, the derived reflection wave signals having the constant peak value may be averaged by means of a smoothing circuit.
摘要翻译： 用于检测诸如位于预定区域内的人数的物体的数量的装置。 超声波朝向物体发射，其数量将被确定，并且来自物体的反射波被接收器接收。 在接收的反射波中，导出具有大于预定峰值的振幅的波作为具有恒定峰值的有用反射波信号。 基于具有恒定峰值的导出反射波信号的量来确定对象的数量。 通过每单位时间发射超声波，具有恒定峰值的导出反射波信号可以通过平滑电路进行平均。
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公开(公告)号：US5007240A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US308812
申请日：1989-02-09
申请人： Tetsuyoshi Ishida , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Ikuo Kohtaka , Kojiro Yamada , Hiroyuki Kaku , Tsuneo Narita
发明人： Tetsuyoshi Ishida , Shigeyoshi Kawano , Ikuo Kohtaka , Kojiro Yamada , Hiroyuki Kaku , Tsuneo Narita
IPC分类号： F01K25/06
CPC分类号： F01K25/065
摘要： A hybrid Rankine cycle system comprises a boiler in which water steam is generated, a steam turbine which is worked by the water steam from the boiler to drive a generator to obtain an electric power, an absorber condenser for introducing thereinto strong absorbent solution to absorb the water steam from the steam turbine to produce weak absorbent solution, and a pump for delivering the weak absorbent solution from the absorber condenser to the boiler. The weak absorbent solution is heated in the boiler to produce the strong absorbent solution to be fed to the absorber condenser and the water steam to be fed to the steam turbine.
摘要翻译： 混合兰金循环系统包括产生水蒸汽的锅炉，通过来自锅炉的水蒸气加工以驱动发电机以获得电力的蒸汽轮机，用于将强吸收剂溶液引入吸收器的吸收器冷凝器 来自蒸汽轮机的水蒸汽以产生弱吸收剂溶液，以及用于将弱吸收剂溶液从吸收器冷凝器输送到锅炉的泵。 在锅炉中加热弱吸收剂溶液以产生强吸收剂溶液，以供给到吸收器冷凝器中，并将水蒸汽供给至蒸汽轮机。
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公开(公告)号：US4319320A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-09
申请号：US41646
申请日：1979-05-23
CPC分类号： F01K13/02 , F23N1/10 , G05B13/0205 , G05B13/041
摘要： A system and method for the adaptive control of a process in which a feed forward control signal corresponding to a process demand is calculated according to a predetermined algebraic function, while a feedback correction signal is calculated on the basis of an error of a process feedback signal indicative of an error of a controlled variable from a predetermined setting, and the controlled variable of the process is controlled on the basis of the sum of these two signals. The adaptive control is such that, when a set point of the function deviates from the actual process demand, a value corresponding to the error appears in the feedback correction signal, and this value is used for automatically modifying the function itself to ensure the adaptive control of the process. A determination is made whether or not the process is in the steady state and when steady state operation is determined, the function of the feed forward control signal is modified.
摘要翻译： 一种用于自适应控制的系统和方法，其中根据预定的代数函数计算与处理要求对应的前馈控制信号，同时基于过程反馈信号的误差来计算反馈校正信号 指示来自预定设置的受控变量的误差，并且基于这两个信号的总和来控制处理的控制变量。 自适应控制使得当功能的设定点偏离实际过程需求时，反馈校正信号中出现与错误对应的值，该值用于自动修改功能本身以确保自适应控制 的过程。 确定过程是否处于稳定状态，并且当确定稳态操作时，前馈控制信号的功能被修改。
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