摘要:
A hydrogenation catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and of a transition metal is prepared by preparing a kneaded material from the alloy and an assistant, converting the kneaded material into moldings, calcining the moldings and treating the calcined moldings with an alkali metal hydroxide, by a process in which the assistant used is (a) polyvinyl alcohol and water or (b) stearic acid, and the catalyst prepared according to the invention is used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, in particular the partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles to aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which (a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and (b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal, with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process in which the catalyst (a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and (b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal, with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process in which the catalyst (a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and (b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal, with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha, omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha, omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which(a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and(b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal,with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which(a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and(b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal.with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
A process for the coproduction of 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD) by treatment of adiponitrile (ADN) with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst at temperatures not below room temperature and elevated hydrogen partial pressure in the presence or absence of a solvent comprises, after the conversion based on ADN and/or the selectivity based on ACN has or have dropped below a defined value(a) interrupting the treatment of ADN with hydrogen by stopping the feed of ADN and of the solvent, if used,(b) treating the catalyst at from 150 to 400.degree. C. with hydrogen using a hydrogen pressure within the range from 0.1 to 30 MPa and a treatment time within the range from 2 to 48 h, and(c) then continuing the hydrogenation of ADN with the treated catalyst of stage (b).
摘要:
A process for the coproduction of 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD) by treatment of adiponitrile (ADN) with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst at temperatures not below room temperature and elevated hydrogen partial pressure in the presence or absence of a solvent comprises, after the conversion based on ADN and/or the selectivity based on ACN has or have dropped below a defined value (a) interrupting the treatment of ADN with hydrogen by stopping the feed of ADN and of the solvent, if used, (b) treating the catalyst at from 150.degree. to 400.degree. C. with hydrogen using a hydrogen pressure within the range from 0.1 to 30 MPa and a treatment time within the range from 2 to 48 h, and (c) then continuing the hydrogenation of ADN with the treated catalyst of stage (b).
摘要:
Aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst, by a process in which the catalyst used is obtainable by thermal decomposition of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of metal carbonyl compounds, metal salts of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -dicarboxylic acids and metal complexes with diketones to give the corresponding metal and/or a metal oxide thereof, with the proviso that the metal used is nickel or cobalt.
摘要:
A catalyst comprises, based on the total weight of the catalyst,0.1-6% by weight of cobalt, nickel or a mixture thereof,0.001-25% by weight of ruthenium,0-10% by weight of copper and0-5% by weight of promoterson a porous metal oxide carrier.It preferably comprises 0.1-3% by weight of cobalt and 0.1-3% by weight of nickel. It can be used in hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenation reactions or hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions, in particular in the amination of alkylene oxides, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones with ammonia or primary or secondary amines.