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公开(公告)号：US20100312006A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-09
申请号：US12793806
申请日：2010-06-04
申请人： Michael A. Lake , Steven W. Burton , William Craig Fuller , Robert Sasser , Mathias E. Lindstrom , Jeffrey T. Wheless
发明人： Michael A. Lake , Steven W. Burton , William Craig Fuller , Robert Sasser , Mathias E. Lindstrom , Jeffrey T. Wheless
IPC分类号： C07C51/00 , C07C69/716 , C07C59/185
CPC分类号： C10L1/023 , C07C51/00 , C07C51/48 , C07C67/03 , C07C67/08 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/19 , C07C59/185 , C07C69/716
摘要： A process for producing levulinic acid and its esters from biomass is disclosed comprising: (i) feed preparation module characterized by subjecting biomass to a high-temperature refining treatment; (ii) hydrolysis reaction module that facilitates the hydrolysis of biomass to its respective sugars and their subsequent transformation to levulinic acid, formic acid, furfural, and char as well as facilitates the separation of lignin-based char by-product; (iii) product separation and recovery module utilizing a solvent extraction technique such as using furfural by-product as extracting solvent; and (iv) optionally, conversion of levulinic acid to levulinate ester. When desired, the disclosed process may be integrated into existing pulp mills.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从生物质产生乙酰丙酸及其酯的方法，包括：（i）饲料制备模块，其特征在于对生物质进行高温精炼处理; （ii）有助于将生物质水解成其各自糖的水解反应模块及其随后转化成乙酰丙酸，甲酸，糠醛和焦炭，以及促进木质素基焦炭副产物的分离; （iii）使用溶剂萃取技术如使用糠醛副产物作为提取溶剂的产品分离和回收模块; 和（iv）任选的将乙酰丙酸转化为乙酰丙酸酯。 当需要时，所公开的方法可以集成到现有的纸浆厂中。
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公开(公告)号：US20100313467A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12796756
申请日：2010-06-09
申请人： Michael A. Lake , Steven W. Burton
发明人： Michael A. Lake , Steven W. Burton
IPC分类号： C10L1/19
CPC分类号： C10L1/143 , C10G2300/1011 , C10G2400/04 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/19 , C10L1/191 , C10L10/02 , C10L2300/20 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/20
摘要： A diesel fuel composition is disclosed that requires a reduced amount of petroleum-based diesel and provides lower level of emissions, while maintaining the desired performances of the petroleum-based diesel. The disclosed fuel composition comprises a petroleum-based diesel and at least about 5% by volume of levulinate ester, and may be substantially free of alkanolamides, alcohols, or combinations thereof. When desired, the fuel composition may include biodiesel and other additives. The disclosed fuel composition may be formulated such that its performances are in compliance with the ASTM D975 standard.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种柴油燃料组合物，其需要减少量的石油基柴油并提供较低水平的排放，同时保持石油基柴油的期望性能。 所公开的燃料组合物包含石油基柴油和至少约5体积％的乙酰丙酸酯，并且可以基本上不含链烷醇酰胺，醇或其组合。 当需要时，燃料组合物可以包括生物柴油和其它添加剂。 所公开的燃料组合物可以配制成使其性能符合ASTM D975标准。
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公开(公告)号：US09187512B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-17
申请号：US14118745
申请日：2012-03-29
申请人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
发明人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
IPC分类号： C07G1/00 , D21C11/00 , D21C11/04 , C02F103/28
CPC分类号： C07G1/00 , C02F2103/28 , D21C11/0007 , D21C11/04
摘要： A process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin by generating a “liquid lignin” at high yield is disclosed. Soluble lignin at a high pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream by countercurrent reaction with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating a heavy lignin-rich phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The heavy lignin-rich phase is separated and washed countercurrently with a non-sulfur containing acid, such as acetic acid, to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt lignin, which is then formed into a low-dust, high-bulk density lignin fuel pellet. If desired, an oxidation step may be used to eliminate odor for lignins having high value green chemistry applications.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过以高产率产生“液态木质素”从黑液中回收含有可溶性或分散的木质素的木质素的方法。 通过在升高的温度和压力下通过与二氧化碳的逆流反应来降低黑液流的pH而沉淀出高pH下的可溶性木质素，产生富含木质素的重质相和轻木质素贫化相。 重质的富含木质素的相被分离并与不含硫的酸如乙酸逆流洗涤，以从木质素中置换金属阳离子，产生低盐木质素，然后将其形成低灰尘，高 稠密木质素燃料丸。 如果需要，可以使用氧化步骤来消除具有高价值绿色化学应用的木质素的气味。
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公开(公告)号：US20160017541A1
公开(公告)日：2016-01-21
申请号：US14748653
申请日：2015-06-24
申请人： Michael A. Lake
发明人： Michael A. Lake
IPC分类号： D21C11/00
CPC分类号： D21C11/0057 , D21C11/0007
摘要： Processes and systems for lowering molecular weight of lignin generally includes first isolating a dense liquid lignin phase from black liquor and subjecting the dense liquid lignin phase to a temperature and pressure for a period of time to effect an average molecular weight distribution of the lignin. Solid lignin produced with the lowered molecular weight is then isolated. The systems and processes may further include an oxidation unit for oxidizing the black liquor and intermediate streams to remove or mitigate malodorous or toxic emissions.
摘要翻译： 用于降低木质素分子量的方法和系统通常包括首先从黑液中分离出致密的液体木质素相，并将致密液体木质素相经受一段时间的温度和压力，以实现木质素的平均分子量分布。 然后分离出分子量降低的固体木质素。 该系统和方法还可以包括用于氧化黑液和中间物流以消除或减轻恶臭或有毒排放物的氧化装置。
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公开(公告)号：US20140163245A1
公开(公告)日：2014-06-12
申请号：US14119517
申请日：2012-04-26
申请人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
发明人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
IPC分类号： C07D307/50
CPC分类号： C07D307/50 , C07D307/48
摘要： A process for making furfural using papermaking black liquor from the kraft pulping process as a feed material. First, the lignin is removed from the black liquor by carbonizing the black liquor to a pH below pH 10 to insolubilize the lignin, neutralize NaOH and other inorganic components of the black liquor. The next step is to treat the carbonated black liquor that contains the hemicellulose to remove the high molecular weight components. In a preferred embodiment the treatment uses multiple sequential steps. The first step of the treatment is to use ultrafiltration, centrifugation or dissolved-air floatation to separate the high molecular weight components. The second filtration is to pass the hemicellulose containing black liquor stream through a nanofilter to remove low molecular weight components. The conversion of xylans in the hemicellulose-containing mixture to furfural is accomplished using a catalytic process. The xylans are converted to pentose sugars and then converted to furfural. The furfural is formed at a low concentration and then further concentrated.
摘要翻译： 使用造纸黑液从硫酸盐制浆工艺制成糠醛作为原料的方法。 首先，通过将黑液碳酸化至低于pH 10的pH将木质素从黑液中除去，使木质素不溶解，中和黑液中的NaOH和其它无机成分。 下一步是处理含有半纤维素的碳酸黑液以除去高分子量组分。 在优选实施方案中，治疗使用多个连续步骤。 处理的第一步是使用超滤，离心或溶解空气漂浮来分离高分子量组分。 第二次过滤是将含有半纤维素的黑液流通过纳米过滤器以除去低分子量组分。 木质纤维素混合物中的木聚糖转化为糠醛是使用催化方法完成的。 将木聚糖转化为戊糖，然后转化成糠醛。 糠醛以低浓度形成，然后进一步浓缩。
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公开(公告)号：US4643848A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-17
申请号：US831809
申请日：1986-02-21
申请人： John H. Thomas , Don P. Duncan , Michael A. Lake , Gary B. Womack
发明人： John H. Thomas , Don P. Duncan , Michael A. Lake , Gary B. Womack
CPC分类号： C09F1/04
摘要： Phosphinic acid (also called hypophosphorous acid), when used in very small quantities, is disclosed to act as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction of rosin with an unsaturated dibasic acid to form a modified rosin for subsequent esterification with a polyhydric alcohol. According to the process of the invention, a rosin is reacted with an unsaturated dibasic acid such as maleic anhydride or fumaric acid in the presence of phosphinic acid at a temperature of from about 180.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C. When the modified rosin is subsequently esterified, the rosin ester exhibits improved color, softening point, and viscosity in a specified solution.
摘要翻译： 公开了当以非常少的量使用次膦酸（也称为次磷酸）时，作为促进松香与不饱和二元酸反应的催化剂，以形成改性松香，随后用多元醇酯化。 根据本发明的方法，松香在次氯酸存在下，在约180℃至约220℃的温度下，与不饱和二元酸如马来酸酐或富马酸反应。当改性松香 随后酯化，松香酯在指定溶液中表现出改善的颜色，软化点和粘度。
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公开(公告)号：US09879119B2
公开(公告)日：2018-01-30
申请号：US14990860
申请日：2016-01-08
申请人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
发明人： Michael A. Lake , John C. Blackburn
CPC分类号： C08H6/00
摘要： There is provided a process for recovery of lignin from black liquor that contains either soluble or dispersed lignin, generating a “liquid-lignin” at high yield. Lignin at elevated pH is precipitated by reducing the pH of the black liquor stream with carbon dioxide, at elevated temperature and pressure, creating two bulk fluid phases: a dense liquid-lignin phase and a light lignin-depleted phase. The dense liquid-lignin phase is separated and washed with a strong acid to displace metal cations from the lignin, creating a low-salt, randomly shaped lignin. If needed, especially for lignin recovered from kraft papermaking black-liquor streams, an oxidation step is included to eliminate negative odor for high value green chemistry applications.
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公开(公告)号：US20140121359A1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-01
申请号：US14066985
申请日：2013-10-30
IPC分类号： C07G1/00
CPC分类号： C07G1/00
摘要： There are provided processes for recovering a “heart-cut” liquid-lignin fraction from a lignin-containing stream such as a black liquor stream from a paper making process or the crude lignin stream within a non-destructive biomass conversion process by carbonating, acidifying and recovering the liquid-lignin fraction. The processes generally include reacting black liquor with a carefully selected amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), to decrementally reduce the pH of the black liquor and produce fractions of a dense liquid-lignin precipitate at each pH decrement to about a pH of 8. The sequential reduction in pH is less than or equal to about 1.5 in most embodiments, less than 1.0 in other embodiments, and less than 0.50 in still other embodiments. It has been discovered that lignin recovered from the dense liquid-lignin precipitate at the different pH decrements can have different molecular weight ranges and/or structures. This process provides an improved lignin with a more narrow distribution of molecular weight, melt point, and chemical structure that is more suitable for high-value polymer applications.
摘要翻译： 提供了从含有木质素的物流（例如来自造纸工艺的黑液流）或非破坏性生物质转化过程中的粗木质素流中回收“心切”液体木质素部分的方法，该方法是通过碳酸化，酸化 并回收液态木质素馏分。 方法通常包括使黑液与仔细选择量的二氧化碳（CO 2）反应，以逐渐降低黑液的pH并在每个pH降低至约pH8时产生致密的液体 - 木质素沉淀物的馏分。 在大多数实施方案中，pH的连续降低小于或等于约1.5，在其它实施方案中小于1.0，在其它实施方案中小于0.50。 已经发现，在不同pH降低下从致密液体木质素沉淀回收的木质素可以具有不同的分子量范围和/或结构。 该方法提供了更加适用于高价值聚合物应用的分子量，熔点和化学结构分布更窄的木质素。
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公开(公告)号：US20150203774A1
公开(公告)日：2015-07-23
申请号：US14414202
申请日：2013-07-16
申请人： Michael A. Lake
发明人： Michael A. Lake
CPC分类号： C10L5/24 , C10L5/143 , C10L5/16 , C10L5/363 , C10L5/442 , C10L5/447 , C10L9/083 , C10L2200/0469 , C10L2230/22 , C10L2290/06 , C10L2290/24 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/15 , Y02E50/30
摘要： A high-energy water-resistant pellet of at least 75% torrefied wood and the remainder a binder comprising from about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the pellet. The binder is a two-component system—a plasticizer, such as tall oil pitch, rosin, fatty acid, vegetable oils, animal oils and corn protein—preferably from 3% to about 20% of the binder, and lignin from about 80-97% of the binder. A durable, low dust white wood energy pellet is also provided using the same two-component binders.
摘要翻译： 一种高能耐水丸，其具有至少75％的烘焙木材，其余的是粘合剂，其占丸剂总重量的约2％至约20％。 粘合剂是双组分体系 - 增塑剂，例如妥尔油沥青，松香，脂肪酸，植物油，动物油和玉米蛋白，优选约3％至约20％的粘合剂，木质素约80- 97％的粘合剂。 还使用相同的双组分粘合剂提供耐用的，低灰尘的白色木材能量颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US20180037835A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-08
申请号：US15723351
申请日：2017-10-03
申请人： Michael A. Lake
发明人： Michael A. Lake
CPC分类号： C10L5/16 , C10L5/14 , C10L5/363 , C10L5/44 , C10L5/445 , C10L5/447 , C10L9/083 , C10L2200/0469 , C10L2200/0484 , C10L2230/14 , C10L2290/06 , C10L2290/24 , C10L2290/30 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/15 , Y02E50/30
摘要： A high-energy water-resistant pellet of at least 75% biomass material such as torrefied wood, whole-tree (white) wood, agricultural waste, flax and the like. and the remainder a binder comprising from about 2% to about 20% by total weight of the pellet. The binder is a two-component system—a plasticizer, such as tall oil pitch, rosin, fatty acid, vegetable oils, animal oils, corn protein and glycerin—preferably from 3% to about 20% of the binder, and lignin from about 80-97% of the binder.
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