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公开(公告)号：US5375010A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-20
申请号：US012043
申请日：1993-02-01
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/0064 , H01S3/1608 , Y10S372/703
摘要： An optical amplifier comprises first (22) and second (24) lengths of erbium-doped fibre connected in series via an isolator 20 which reduces the transmission of backward-travelling ASE from the second length to the first length when pump power in inputted in to the first length.
摘要翻译： 光放大器包括通过隔离器20串联连接的第一（22）和第二（24）长度的掺铒光纤，当隔离器20输入的泵浦功率减小了反向运行的ASE从第二长度到第一长度的传输 第一个长度。
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公开(公告)号：US5930435A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US737985
申请日：1997-05-01
CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 , G02F1/3523 , H01S5/146 , G02B2006/2839 , G02F2201/02 , G02F2202/06 , G02F2203/055 , H01S3/06737 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/08022 , H01S3/08027 , H01S5/141
摘要： Passive, self-adjusting and tracking optical wavelength filters are described. The filters are absorptive and can be of either transmissive or reflective type. The filters comprise an unpumped doped optical waveguide configured so that signals of different wavelength are spatially decoupled to some extent. The self-adjustment of the filter centre wavelength is achieved by the combined effects of the power-dependent saturable absorption, provided by an appropriate dopant, and partial longitudinal hole burning provided by the spatial decoupling of the different wavelengths. External cavity lasers using this type of filter in the external cavity are also described. This external cavity configuration can provide stable single frequency operation of, for example, a semiconductor laser. By using a saturable absorber for the external cavity (e.g. an erbium doped fibre), longitudinal mode-hopping can be suppressed, ensuring single frequency operation.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB95 / 01141 Sec。 371日期1997年5月1日 102（e）日期1997年5月1日PCT提交1995年5月19日PCT公布。 公开号WO95 / 32451 1995年11月30日，描述了无源自调整和跟踪光波长滤波器。 过滤器是吸收性的，并且可以是透射型或反射型。 滤波器包括一个未使用的掺杂光波导，其被配置成使得不同波长的信号在一定程度上在空间上解耦。 通过由适当的掺杂剂提供的功率依赖的可饱和吸收和通过不同波长的空间去耦提供的部分纵向孔燃烧的组合效应来实现滤波器中心波长的自调节。 还描述了在外腔中使用这种类型的滤波器的外腔激光器。 该外部空腔配置可以提供例如半导体激光器的稳定的单频操作。 通过使用用于外部空腔的可饱和吸收体（例如掺铒光纤），可以抑制纵向跳跃，确保单频操作。
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公开(公告)号：US5579153A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-26
申请号：US52244
申请日：1993-04-22
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S3/06779
摘要： In an optical amplifier, comprising a rare earth doped optical waveguide, in which signals at signal wavelength and pump power at pump wavelength are coupled together, a differential loss inducing means is located in a predetermined position along the length of the waveguide, causing a loss for the signal greater by a predetermined loss amount than the loss for the pump wavelength, said predetermined loss amount and said predetermined loss position being chosen in a mutual relationship to cause an amplification of lower power input signals, in said signal input power range, greater than the amplification of higher power input signals in said range, by an amount causing a substantially constant output power in a dynamic range of input signals greater than 15 dB.
摘要翻译： 在包括稀土掺杂光波导的光放大器中，信号波长的信号和泵浦波长的泵浦功率耦合在一起，差分损耗感应装置位于沿波导长度的预定位置，导致损耗 为了使信号大于泵浦波长的损耗的预定损耗量，所述预定损耗量和所述预定损耗位置以相互关系选择，以使所述信号输入功率范围内较低功率输入信号的放大更大 比在所述范围内的较高功率输入信号的放大乘以在大于15dB的输入信号的动态范围内导致基本上恒定的输出功率的量。
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公开(公告)号：US5260823A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US10478
申请日：1993-01-28
CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 , H01S3/10023 , H01S2301/04 , H01S3/0632 , H01S3/0635 , H01S3/0675
摘要： The spectral-gain characteristics of an erbium-doped fibre amplifier have been tailored by incorporating a gain-shaping-filter within the amplifier. The filter is chosen to modify the natural gain spectrum of the amplifier so as to suppress the gain peak and thus flatten the overall spectral-gain profile. Because the amplifier is distributed, it is possible to insert one or more filters along the length of the fibre. It is shown that there are considerable advantages to locating the filter within the length of the amplifier, rather than at the end, which is the more obvious choice. Advantages are that the amplifier pump efficiency is almost unaffected and the output saturation power is similar to that of the unshaped amplifier. In addition, the flat spectral gain provides an amplifier ideally-suited for use at a number of signal wavelengths, as required for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The invention therefore comprises both the concept of filtering to shape the gain response of the amplifier and the recognition that this can be achieved without penalty by careful location of one or more filters along the length of the amplifier.
摘要翻译： 掺铒光纤放大器的光谱增益特性已经通过在放大器内并入增益整形滤波器而被定制。 选择滤波器来修改放大器的自然增益谱，以抑制增益峰值，从而使整个频谱增益曲线变平。 因为放大器是分布式的，所以可以沿着光纤的长度插入一个或多个滤波器。 已经表明，将滤波器放置在放大器的长度内而不是结束处具有相当大的优点，这是更明显的选择。 优点是放大器泵效率几乎不受影响，输出饱和功率类似于未放大的放大器。 另外，平坦频谱增益提供了理想地适用于波分复用（WDM）所需的多个信号波长的放大器。 因此，本发明包括滤波以形成放大器的增益响应的概念以及通过沿放大器的长度仔细定位一个或多个滤波器可以实现这一点的识别。
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公开(公告)号：US20100155864A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-24
申请号：US12719999
申请日：2010-03-09
申请人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
发明人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
IPC分类号： H01L29/84
CPC分类号： B81C1/00158 , B81B2201/0257 , B81B2203/0127 , B81C99/004 , B81C2201/0109 , H04R7/10 , H04R7/18 , H04R19/005 , H04R2307/207 , Y10S977/733
摘要： A MEMS device, for example a capacitive microphone, comprises a flexible membrane 11 that is free to move in response to pressure differences generated by sound waves. A first electrode 13 is mechanically coupled to the flexible membrane 11, and together form a first capacitive plate of the capacitive microphone device. A second electrode 23 is mechanically coupled to a generally rigid structural layer or back-plate 14, which together form a second capacitive plate of the capacitive microphone device. The capacitive microphone is formed on a substrate 1, for example a silicon wafer. A back-volume 33 is provided below the membrane 11, and is formed using a “back-etch” through the substrate 1. A first cavity 9 is located directly below the membrane 11, and is formed using a first sacrificial layer during the fabrication process. Interposed between the first and second electrodes 13 and 23 is a second cavity 17, which is formed using a second sacrificial layer during the fabrication process. A plurality of bleed holes 15 connect the first cavity 9 and the second cavity 17. Acoustic holes 31 are arranged in the back-plate 14 so as to allow free movement of air molecules, such that the sound waves can enter the second cavity 17. The first and second cavities 9 and 17 in association with the back-volume 33 allow the membrane 11 to move in response to the sound waves entering via the acoustic holes 31 in the back-plate 14. The provision of first and second sacrificial layers has the advantage of protecting the membrane during manufacture, and disassociating the back etch process from the definition of the membrane. The bleed holes 15 aid with the removal of the first and second sacrificial layers. The bleed holes 15 also contribute to the operating characteristics of the microphone.
摘要翻译： MEMS器件，例如电容麦克风，包括响应于由声波产生的压力差而自由移动的柔性膜11。 第一电极13机械耦合到柔性膜11，并且一起形成电容式麦克风装置的第一电容板。 第二电极23机械地耦合到大致刚性的结构层或背板14，它们一起形成电容式麦克风装置的第二电容板。 电容麦克风形成在基板1上，例如硅晶片。 背部体积33设置在膜11下方，并且通过基底1的“背蚀刻”形成。第一腔9位于膜11的正下方，并且在制造期间使用第一牺牲层形成 处理。 介于第一和第二电极13和23之间的是第二腔17，其在制造过程中使用第二牺牲层形成。 多个排放孔15连接第一腔9和第二腔17.声孔31布置在背板14中，以便允许空气分子的自由运动，使得声波可以进入第二腔17。 与背容积33相关联的第一和第二空腔9和17允许膜11响应于通过背板14中的声孔31进入的声波而移动。提供第一和第二牺牲层具有 在制造过程中保护膜的优点，以及使背蚀刻工艺与膜的定义分离。 排出孔15有助于去除第一和第二牺牲层。 排放孔15也有助于麦克风的操作特性。
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公开(公告)号：US07856804B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-28
申请号：US12719999
申请日：2010-03-09
申请人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
发明人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
IPC分类号： H01L29/34
CPC分类号： B81C1/00158 , B81B2201/0257 , B81B2203/0127 , B81C99/004 , B81C2201/0109 , H04R7/10 , H04R7/18 , H04R19/005 , H04R2307/207 , Y10S977/733
摘要： A MEMS device comprising a flexible membrane that is free to move in response to pressure differences generated by sound waves. A first electrode mechanically coupled to the flexible membrane, and together form a first capacitive plate. A second electrode mechanically coupled to a generally rigid structural layer or back-plate, which together form a second capacitive plate. A back-volume is provided below the membrane. A first cavity located directly below the membrane. Interposed between the first and second electrodes is a second cavity. A plurality of bleed holes connected the first cavity and the second cavity. Acoustic holes are arranged in the back-plate so as to allow free movement of air molecules, such that the sound waves can enter the second cavity. The first and second cavities in association with the back-volume allow the membrane to move in response to the sound waves entering via the acoustic holes in the back-plate.
摘要翻译： 包括柔性膜的MEMS器件，其可响应于由声波产生的压力差而自由移动。 机械地耦合到柔性膜的第一电极，并且一起形成第一电容板。 机械耦合到大致刚性的结构层或背板的第二电极，它们一起形成第二电容板。 在膜的下方提供背部体积。 位于膜下方的第一腔。 介于第一和第二电极之间的是第二腔。 多个排放孔连接第一腔和第二腔。 声孔布置在背板中，以便允许空气分子的自由移动，使得声波可以进入第二腔。 与背容积相关联的第一和第二空腔允许膜响应于通过背板中的声孔进入的声波而移动。
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公开(公告)号：US07781249B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-24
申请号：US11723514
申请日：2007-03-20
申请人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
发明人： Richard I. Laming , Mark Begbie , Anthony Traynor
IPC分类号： H01L21/00
CPC分类号： B81C1/00158 , B81B2201/0257 , B81B2203/0127 , B81C99/004 , B81C2201/0109 , H04R7/10 , H04R7/18 , H04R19/005 , H04R2307/207 , Y10S977/733
摘要： A MEMS device comprising a flexible membrane that is free to move in response to pressure differences generated by sound waves. A first electrode mechanically coupled to the flexible membrane, and together form a first capacitive plate. A second electrode mechanically coupled to a generally rigid structural layer or back-plate, which together form a second capacitive plate. A back-volume is provided below the membrane. A first cavity located directly below the membrane. Interposed between the first and second electrodes is a second cavity. A plurality of bleed holes connect the first cavity and the second cavity. Acoustic holes are arranged in the back-plate so as to allow free movement of air molecules, such that the sound waves can enter the second cavity. The first and second cavities in association with the back-volume allow the membrane to move in response to the sound waves entering via the acoustic holes in the back-plate.
摘要翻译： 包括柔性膜的MEMS器件，其可响应于由声波产生的压力差而自由移动。 机械地耦合到柔性膜的第一电极，并且一起形成第一电容板。 机械耦合到大致刚性的结构层或背板的第二电极，它们一起形成第二电容板。 在膜的下方提供背部体积。 位于膜下方的第一腔。 介于第一和第二电极之间的是第二腔。 多个排放孔连接第一腔和第二腔。 声孔布置在背板中，以便允许空气分子的自由运动，使得声波可以进入第二腔。 与背容积相关联的第一和第二空腔允许膜响应于通过背板中的声孔进入的声波而移动。
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公开(公告)号：US5526175A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-11
申请号：US322740
申请日：1994-10-13
申请人： John D. Minelly , Richard I. Laming
发明人： John D. Minelly , Richard I. Laming
CPC分类号： H01S3/10023 , H01S2301/06 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/2333 , H01S3/235
摘要： An optical amplifier for amplifying signals of different wavelengths throughout a spectral window modifies the amplification of each signal such that the output levels of the signals are more equal than the input levels thereof when the input levels differ by more than a predetermined amount. In one embodiment this is achieved by providing a dichroic reflector at one end of an amplifying fibre so that standing wave patterns are set up in the amplifying fibre by interference of the forward and reflected signal lights, at the different wavelengths, the signal at each wavelength preferentially decreasing its own gain with increasing signal level.
摘要翻译： 用于在整个光谱窗口中放大不同波长的信号的光放大器修改每个信号的放大，使得当输入电平差超过预定量时，信号的输出电平比其输入电平更大。 在一个实施例中，这是通过在放大光纤的一端设置二向色反射器来实现的，以便通过在不同波长处的前向和反射信号光的干涉，在每个波长处的信号中设置驻波图案 通过增加信号电平来优先降低自身的增益。
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公开(公告)号：US5282079A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-25
申请号：US908835
申请日：1992-07-02
申请人： Richard I. Laming , Simon B. Poole
发明人： Richard I. Laming , Simon B. Poole
CPC分类号： H01S3/094 , C03B37/01838 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/17 , C03B2201/31 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/36 , H01S2301/02 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1693
摘要： An Ar.sup.+ ion laser pumped optical fibre amplifier is provided with an optical fibre having a core which has been solution doped using a solution of an aluminum and an erbium salt.
摘要翻译： Ar +离子激光泵浦光纤放大器设置有具有使用铝和铒盐溶液进行溶液掺杂的芯的光纤。
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