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    Broadly tunable single-mode quantum cascade laser sources and sensors
    1.
    发明授权
    Broadly tunable single-mode quantum cascade laser sources and sensors 有权
    广泛可调单模量子级联激光源和传感器

    公开(公告)号：US07826509B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

    申请号：US11611819

    申请日：2006-12-15

    申请人： Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Ross M. Audet ,  James B. MacArthur ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Christian Pflügl ,  Federico Capasso

    发明人： Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Ross M. Audet ,  James B. MacArthur ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Christian Pflügl ,  Federico Capasso

    IPC分类号： H01S5/00 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S3/13

    CPC分类号： H01S5/4031 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01N21/1702 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/1704 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/4087

    摘要： A broadly tunable single-mode infrared laser source based on semiconductor lasers. The laser source has two parts: an array of closely-spaced DFB QCLs (or other semiconductor lasers) and a controller that can switch each of the individual lasers in the array on and off, set current for each of the lasers and, and control the temperature of the lasers in the array. The device can be used in portable broadband sensors to simultaneously detect a large number of compounds including chemical and biological agents. A microelectronic controller is combined with an array of individually-addressed DFB QCLs with slightly different DFB grating periods fabricated on the same broadband (or multiple wavelengths) QCL material. This allows building a compact source providing narrow-line broadly-tunable coherent radiation in the Infrared or Terahertz spectral range (as well as in the Ultraviolet and Visible spectral ranges, using semiconductor lasers with different active region design). The performance (tuning range, line width, power level) is comparable to that of external grating tunable semiconductor lasers, but the proposed design is much smaller and much easier to manufacture.

    摘要翻译： 基于半导体激光器的广泛可调单模红外激光源。 激光源具有两部分：紧密间隔的DFB QCL（或其他半导体激光器）的阵列和能够切换阵列中的每个激光器的每一个的开关的控制器，为每个激光器设置电流和控制 阵列中的激光器的温度。 该装置可用于便携式宽带传感器中以同时检测大量包括化学和生物试剂在内的化合物。 微电子控制器与在相同宽带（或多波长）QCL材料上制造的具有稍微不同的DFB光栅周期的单独寻址的DFB QCL阵列组合。 这样可以在红外或太赫兹光谱范围（以及使用具有不同有源区域设计的半导体激光器的紫外和可见光谱范围）中构建一个紧凑型源，提供窄线宽可调谐相干辐射。 性能（调谐范围，线宽，功率水平）与外部光栅可调谐半导体激光器的性能相当，但所提出的设计要小得多，制造容易得多。

    BROADLY TUNABLE SINGLE-MODE QUANTUM CASCADE LASER SOURCES AND SENSORS
    2.
    发明申请
    BROADLY TUNABLE SINGLE-MODE QUANTUM CASCADE LASER SOURCES AND SENSORS 有权
    广泛的单模单模量子CASCADE激光源和传感器

    公开(公告)号：US20080144677A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

    申请号：US11611819

    申请日：2006-12-15

    申请人： Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Ross M. Audet ,  James B. MacArthur ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Federico Capasso

    发明人： Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Ross M. Audet ,  James B. MacArthur ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Federico Capasso

    IPC分类号： H01S3/10

    CPC分类号： H01S5/4031 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01N21/1702 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N2021/1704 ,  G01N2021/399 ,  H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/12 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/4087

    摘要： A broadly tunable single-mode infrared laser source based on semiconductor lasers. The laser source has two parts: an array of closely-spaced DFB QCLs (or other semiconductor lasers) and a controller that can switch each of the individual lasers in the array on and off, set current for each of the lasers and, and control the temperature of the lasers in the array. The device can be used in portable broadband sensors to simultaneously detect a large number of compounds including chemical and biological agents. A microelectronic controller is combined with an array of individually-addressed DFB QCLs with slightly different DFB grating periods fabricated on the same broadband (or multiple wavelengths) QCL material. This allows building a compact source providing narrow-line broadly-tunable coherent radiation in the Infrared or Terahertz spectral range (as well as in the Ultraviolet and Visible spectral ranges, using semiconductor lasers with different active region design). The performance (tuning range, line width, power level) is comparable to that of external grating tunable semiconductor lasers, but the proposed design is much smaller and much easier to manufacture.

    摘要翻译： 基于半导体激光器的广泛可调单模红外激光源。 激光源具有两部分：紧密间隔的DFB QCL（或其他半导体激光器）的阵列以及能够切换阵列中各个激光器的每个开关的控制器，为每个激光器设置电流和控制 阵列中的激光器的温度。 该装置可用于便携式宽带传感器中以同时检测大量包括化学和生物试剂在内的化合物。 微电子控制器与在相同宽带（或多波长）QCL材料上制造的具有稍微不同的DFB光栅周期的单独寻址的DFB QCL阵列组合。 这样可以在红外或太赫兹光谱范围（以及使用具有不同有源区域设计的半导体激光器的紫外和可见光谱范围）中构建一个紧凑的源，提供窄线宽可调谐相干辐射。 性能（调谐范围，线宽，功率水平）与外部光栅可调谐半导体激光器的性能相当，但所提出的设计要小得多，制造容易得多。

    Methods and apparatus for single-mode selection in quantum cascade lasers
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for single-mode selection in quantum cascade lasers 有权
    量子级联激光器中单模选择的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US08351481B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-08

    申请号：US13126576

    申请日：2009-11-05

    申请人： Federico Capasso ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin

    发明人： Federico Capasso ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin

    IPC分类号： H01S3/08

    CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/0014 ,  H01S5/0287 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/1231 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3211 ,  H01S5/3401

    摘要： Methods and apparatus for improved single-mode selection in a quantum cascade laser. In one example, a distributed feedback grating incorporates both index-coupling and loss-coupling components. The loss-coupling component facilitates selection of one mode from two possible emission modes by periodically incorporating a thin layer of “lossy” semiconductor material on top of the active region to introduce a sufficiently large loss difference between the two modes. The lossy layer is doped to a level sufficient to induce considerable free-carrier absorption losses for one of the two modes while allowing sufficient gain for the other of the two modes. In alternative implementations, the highly-doped layer may be replaced by other low-dimensional structures such as quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots with significant engineered intraband absorption to selectively increase the free-carrier absorption losses for one of multiple possible modes so as to facilitate single-mode operation.

    摘要翻译： 用于改进量子级联激光器中单模选择的方法和装置。 在一个示例中，分布式反馈光栅包括折射率耦合和损耗耦合组件。 损耗耦合部件有助于通过在有源区域的顶部周期性地引入有损耗的半导体材料的薄层来在两种模式之间引入足够大的损耗差异，从两种可能的发射模式中选择一种模式。 有损层被掺杂到足以对两种模式之一引起相当大的自由载流子吸收损耗的水平，同时为两种模式中的另一种模式提供足够的增益。 在替代实施方案中，高掺杂层可以被诸如量子阱，量子线和量子点之类的其它低维度结构代替，具有显着的工程化内部吸收，以选择性地增加多种可能模式之一的自由载流子吸收损耗， 以方便单模操作。

    METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SINGLE-MODE SELECTION IN QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS
    4.
    发明申请
    METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SINGLE-MODE SELECTION IN QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS 有权
    量子级激光单模选择的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20110310915A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-22

    申请号：US13126576

    申请日：2009-11-05

    申请人： Federico Capasso ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin

    发明人： Federico Capasso ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin

    IPC分类号： H01S3/098 ,  G01J3/00 ,  H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/40 ,  B82Y20/00

    CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/0014 ,  H01S5/0287 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/1231 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3211 ,  H01S5/3401

    摘要： Methods and apparatus for improved single-mode selection in a quantum cascade laser. In one example, a distributed feedback grating incorporates both index-coupling and loss-coupling components. The loss-coupling component facilitates selection of one mode from two possible emission modes by periodically incorporating a thin layer of “lossy” semiconductor material on top of the active region to introduce a sufficiently large loss difference between the two modes. The lossy layer is doped to a level sufficient to induce considerable free-carrier absorption losses for one of the two modes while allowing sufficient gain for the other of the two modes. In alternative implementations, the highly-doped layer may be replaced by other low-dimensional structures such as quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots with significant engineered intraband absorption to selectively increase the free-carrier absorption losses for one of multiple possible modes so as to facilitate single-mode operation.

    摘要翻译： 用于改进量子级联激光器中单模选择的方法和装置。 在一个示例中，分布式反馈光栅包括折射率耦合和损耗耦合组件。 损耗耦合部件有助于通过在有源区域的顶部周期性地引入薄层的“有损耗的”半导体材料，以便在两种模式之间引入足够大的损耗差，从两种可能的发射模式中选择一种模式。 有损层被掺杂到足以对两种模式之一引起相当大的自由载流子吸收损耗的水平，同时为两种模式中的另一种模式提供足够的增益。 在替代实施方案中，高掺杂层可以被诸如量子阱，量子线和量子点之类的其它低维度结构代替，具有显着的工程化内部吸收，以选择性地增加多种可能模式之一的自由载流子吸收损耗， 以方便单模操作。

    SPECTROMETERS UTILIZING MID INFRARED ULTRA BROADBAND HIGH BRIGHTNESS LIGHT SOURCES
    5.
    发明申请
    SPECTROMETERS UTILIZING MID INFRARED ULTRA BROADBAND HIGH BRIGHTNESS LIGHT SOURCES 审中-公开
    使用MID红外超宽带高亮度光源的光谱仪

    公开(公告)号：US20110058176A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-10

    申请号：US12263948

    申请日：2008-11-03

    申请人： Christian Pflugl ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Federico Capasso ,  Thomas J. Tague, JR.

    发明人： Christian Pflugl ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Mikhail A. Belkin ,  Federico Capasso ,  Thomas J. Tague, JR.

    IPC分类号： G01J3/45 ,  G01J5/02

    CPC分类号： G01J3/108 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01J3/4338 ,  H01S5/024 ,  H01S5/0612 ,  H01S5/3402 ,  H01S5/4062 ,  H01S5/4087

    摘要： A mid infrared spectrometer comprises a high brightness broadband source that generates an output with a broad spectral range in the order of hundreds of wave numbers, a wavelength dispersive element and a detector. In one embodiment, the source comprises an array of semiconductor laser devices operating simultaneously. Each device emits light at wavelength different from the wavelengths emitted by the other devices in the array and the devices are arranged so that the combined output continuously covers the broad spectral range. In another embodiment, each of the lasers in the array is a quantum cascade laser device. In still another embodiment, the quantum cascade laser devices in the array are operated in the regime of Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instabilities. In yet another embodiment, each of the lasers in the array is a mode-locked quantum cascade laser device.

    摘要翻译： 中红外光谱仪包括高亮度宽带源，其产生具有数百个波数量级的宽光谱范围的输出，波长色散元件和检测器。 在一个实施例中，源包括同时操作的半导体激光器件阵列。 每个器件发射波长不同于阵列中其他器件发射的波长的光，并且器件被布置成使得组合输出连续地覆盖宽光谱范围。 在另一个实施例中，阵列中的每个激光器是量子级联激光器件。 在又一个实施例中，阵列中的量子级联激光器件在Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken（RNGH）不稳定的状态下运行。 在另一个实施例中，阵列中的每个激光器是锁模量子级联激光器件。

    Lens array optical coupling to photonic chip
    8.
    发明授权
    Lens array optical coupling to photonic chip 有权
    透镜阵列光耦合到光子芯片

    公开(公告)号：US09229169B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-01-05

    申请号：US13211018

    申请日：2011-08-16

    申请人： Fuad E. Doany ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Clint L. Schow

    发明人： Fuad E. Doany ,  Benjamin G. Lee ,  Clint L. Schow

    IPC分类号： G02B6/32 ,  H01L21/302 ,  G02B6/30 ,  G02B6/42

    CPC分类号： G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/30 ,  G02B6/4204 ,  G02B6/4244 ,  G02B6/425 ,  H01L21/302

    摘要： A photonic integrated circuit apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a photonic chip and a lens array coupling element. The photonic chip includes a waveguide at a side edge surface of the photonic chip. The lens array coupling element is mounted on a top surface of the photonic chip and on the side edge surface. The coupling element includes a lens array that is configured to modify spot sizes of light traversing to or from the waveguide. The coupling element further includes an overhang on a side of the coupling element that opposes the lens array and that abuts the top surface of the photonic chip. The overhang includes a vertical stop surface that has a depth configured to horizontally align an edge of the waveguide with a focal length of the lens array and that vertically aligns focal points of the lens array with the edge of the waveguide.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光子集成电路装置。 该装置包括光子芯片和透镜阵列耦合元件。 光子芯片包括在光子芯片的侧边缘表面处的波导。 透镜阵列耦合元件安装在光子芯片的顶表面上并在侧边缘表面上。 耦合元件包括透镜阵列，其被配置为修改横穿波导的光的光斑大小。 耦合元件还包括在耦合元件的与透镜阵列相对并且邻接光子芯片的顶表面的一侧上的突出端。 突出部分包括垂直的止动表面，其具有配置成将波导的边缘与透镜阵列的焦距水平对准的深度，并且使透镜阵列的焦点与波导的边缘垂直对准。

    Designing Photonic Switching Systems Utilizing Equalized Drivers
    9.
    发明申请
    Designing Photonic Switching Systems Utilizing Equalized Drivers 审中-公开
    设计使用均匀驱动器的光子开关系统

    公开(公告)号：US20150302124A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-22

    申请号：US13619049

    申请日：2012-09-14

    申请人： Benjamin G. Lee ,  Jonathan E. Proesel ,  Alexander V. Rylyakov ,  Clint L. Schow

    发明人： Benjamin G. Lee ,  Jonathan E. Proesel ,  Alexander V. Rylyakov ,  Clint L. Schow

    IPC分类号： G06F17/50

    CPC分类号： G06F17/5045 ,  G06F17/5009 ,  G06F2217/02 ,  G06F2217/08 ,  G06F2217/84

    摘要： Designing a photonics switching system is provided. A photonic switch diode is designed to attain each performance metric in a plurality of performance metrics associated with a photonic switching system based on a weighted value corresponding to each of the plurality of performance metrics. A switch driver circuit is selected from a plurality of switch driver circuits for the photonic switching system. It is determined whether each performance metric associated with the photonic switching system meets or exceeds a threshold value corresponding to each of the plurality of performance metrics based on the designed photonic switch diode and the selected switch driver circuit. In response to determining that each performance metric associated with the photonic switching system meets or exceeds the threshold value corresponding to each of the performance metrics, the photonic switching system is designed using the designed photonic switch diode and the selected switch driver circuit.

    摘要翻译： 设计了一个光子切换系统。 光子开关二极管被设计为基于与多个性能度量中的每一个对应的加权值来获得与光子切换系统相关联的多个性能度量中的每个性能度量。 从用于光子交换系统的多个开关驱动器电路中选择开关驱动器电路。 基于设计的光子开关二极管和所选择的开关驱动器电路，确定与光子切换系统相关联的每个性能度量是否满足或超过与多个性能度量中的每一个对应的阈值。 响应于确定与光子交换系统相关联的每个性能度量符合或超过对应于每个性能度量的阈值，使用所设计的光子开关二极管和所选择的开关驱动器电路来设计光子交换系统。

    Designing Photonic Switching Systems Utilizing Equalized Drivers
    10.
    发明申请
    Designing Photonic Switching Systems Utilizing Equalized Drivers 失效
    设计使用均匀驱动器的光子开关系统

    公开(公告)号：US20140068534A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-03-06

    申请号：US13604337

    申请日：2012-09-05

    申请人： Benjamin G. Lee ,  Jonathan E. Proesel ,  Alexander V. Rylyakov ,  Clint L. Schow

    发明人： Benjamin G. Lee ,  Jonathan E. Proesel ,  Alexander V. Rylyakov ,  Clint L. Schow

    IPC分类号： G06F17/50

    CPC分类号： G06F17/5081 ,  G02F1/0121 ,  G02F1/025 ,  G02F2202/105

    摘要： Designing a photonics switching system is provided. A photonic switch diode is designed to attain each performance metric in a plurality of performance metrics associated with a photonic switching system based on a weighted value corresponding to each of the plurality of performance metrics. A switch driver circuit is selected from a plurality of switch driver circuits for the photonic switching system. It is determined whether each performance metric associated with the photonic switching system meets or exceeds a threshold value corresponding to each of the plurality of performance metrics based on the photonic switch diode designed and the switch driver circuit selected. In response to determining that each performance metric associated with the photonic switching system meets or exceeds the threshold value corresponding to each of the performance metrics, the photonic switching system is designed using the photonic switch diode designed and the switch driver circuit selected.

    摘要翻译： 设计了一个光子切换系统。 光子开关二极管被设计为基于与多个性能度量中的每一个对应的加权值来获得与光子切换系统相关联的多个性能度量中的每个性能度量。 从用于光子交换系统的多个开关驱动器电路中选择开关驱动器电路。 基于所设计的光开关二极管和选择的开关驱动器电路，确定与光子交换系统相关联的每个性能度量是否满足或超过与多个性能度量中的每一个对应的阈值。 响应于确定与光子交换系统相关联的每个性能度量符合或超过对应于每个性能度量的阈值，使用所设计的光子开关二极管和所选择的开关驱动器电路设计光子开关系统。