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公开(公告)号：US20110222564A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-15
申请号：US13112889
申请日：2011-05-20
CPC分类号： H01S1/02 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/3534 , H01S5/0604 , H01S5/0608 , H01S5/1046 , H01S5/1096 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/3402 , H01S2302/02
摘要： Apparatus and methods for generating radiation via difference frequency generation (DFG). In one exemplary implementation, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) has a significant second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(2)) integrated in an active region of the QCL. The QCL is configured to generate first radiation at a first frequency ω1, second radiation at a second frequency ω2, and third radiation at a third frequency ω3=ω1−ω2 based on difference frequency generation (DFG) arising from the nonlinear susceptibility. In one aspect, the QCL may be configured to generate appreciable THz radiation at room temperature.
摘要翻译： 通过差频发生（DFG）产生辐射的装置和方法。 在一个示例性实现中，量子级联激光器（QCL）具有集成在QCL的有源区域中的显着的二阶非线性磁化率（χ（2））。 QCL被配置为基于由非线性磁化率产生的差频产生（DFG），以第一频率ω1，第二频率ω2的第二辐射和第三频率ω3=ω1-ω2的第三辐射产生第一辐射。 在一个方面，QCL可以被配置成在室温下产生可感知的THz辐射。
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公开(公告)号：US07974325B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US12450211
申请日：2008-03-14
IPC分类号： H01S5/00
CPC分类号： H01S1/02 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/3534 , H01S5/0604 , H01S5/0608 , H01S5/1046 , H01S5/1096 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/3402 , H01S2302/02
摘要： Apparatus and methods for generating radiation via difference frequency generation (DFG). In one exemplary implementation, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) has a significant second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(2)) integrated in an active region of the QCL. The QCL is configured to generate first radiation at a first frequency ω1, second radiation at a second frequency ω2, and third radiation at a third frequency ω3=ω1−ω2 based on difference frequency generation (DFG) arising from the non-linear susceptibility. In one aspect, the QCL may be configured to generate appreciable THz radiation at room temperature.
摘要翻译： 通过差频发生（DFG）产生辐射的装置和方法。 在一个示例性实现中，量子级联激光器（QCL）具有集成在QCL的有源区域中的显着的二阶非线性磁化率（χ（2））。 QCL被配置为基于由非线性磁化率产生的差频产生（DFG）产生第一频率ω1，第二频率ω2的第二辐射和第三频率ω3=ω1-ω2的第一辐射。 在一个方面，QCL可以被配置成在室温下产生可感知的THz辐射。
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公开(公告)号：US20100135337A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-03
申请号：US12450211
申请日：2008-03-14
CPC分类号： H01S1/02 , B82Y20/00 , G02F1/3534 , H01S5/0604 , H01S5/0608 , H01S5/1046 , H01S5/1096 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/3402 , H01S2302/02
摘要： Apparatus and methods for generating radiation via difference frequency generation (DFG). In one exemplary implementation, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) has a significant second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(2)) integrated in an active region of the QCL. The QCL is configured to generate first radiation at a first frequency ω1, second radiation at a second frequency ω2, and third radiation at a third frequency ω3=ω1−ω2 based on difference frequency generation (DFG) arising from the non-linear susceptibility. In one aspect, the QCL may be configured to generate appreciable THz radiation at room temperature.
摘要翻译： 通过差频发生（DFG）产生辐射的装置和方法。 在一个示例性实现中，量子级联激光器（QCL）具有集成在QCL的有源区域中的显着的二阶非线性磁化率（χ（2））。 QCL被配置为基于由非线性磁化率产生的差频产生（DFG）产生第一频率ω1，第二频率ω2的第二辐射和第三频率ω3=ω1-ω2的第一辐射。 在一个方面，QCL可以被配置成在室温下产生可感知的THz辐射。
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4.发明申请SPECTROMETERS UTILIZING MID INFRARED ULTRA BROADBAND HIGH BRIGHTNESS LIGHT SOURCES 审中-公开使用MID红外超宽带高亮度光源的光谱仪公开(公告)号：US20110058176A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-10
申请号：US12263948
申请日：2008-11-03
申请人： Christian Pflugl , Benjamin G. Lee , Laurent Diehl , Mikhail A. Belkin , Federico Capasso , Thomas J. Tague, JR.
发明人： Christian Pflugl , Benjamin G. Lee , Laurent Diehl , Mikhail A. Belkin , Federico Capasso , Thomas J. Tague, JR.
CPC分类号： G01J3/108 , B82Y20/00 , G01J3/4338 , H01S5/024 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/3402 , H01S5/4062 , H01S5/4087
摘要： A mid infrared spectrometer comprises a high brightness broadband source that generates an output with a broad spectral range in the order of hundreds of wave numbers, a wavelength dispersive element and a detector. In one embodiment, the source comprises an array of semiconductor laser devices operating simultaneously. Each device emits light at wavelength different from the wavelengths emitted by the other devices in the array and the devices are arranged so that the combined output continuously covers the broad spectral range. In another embodiment, each of the lasers in the array is a quantum cascade laser device. In still another embodiment, the quantum cascade laser devices in the array are operated in the regime of Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instabilities. In yet another embodiment, each of the lasers in the array is a mode-locked quantum cascade laser device.
摘要翻译： 中红外光谱仪包括高亮度宽带源，其产生具有数百个波数量级的宽光谱范围的输出，波长色散元件和检测器。 在一个实施例中，源包括同时操作的半导体激光器件阵列。 每个器件发射波长不同于阵列中其他器件发射的波长的光，并且器件被布置成使得组合输出连续地覆盖宽光谱范围。 在另一个实施例中，阵列中的每个激光器是量子级联激光器件。 在又一个实施例中，阵列中的量子级联激光器件在Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken（RNGH）不稳定的状态下运行。 在另一个实施例中，阵列中的每个激光器是锁模量子级联激光器件。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08351481B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US13126576
申请日：2009-11-05
IPC分类号： H01S3/08
CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 , B82Y20/00 , H01S5/0014 , H01S5/0287 , H01S5/0654 , H01S5/1231 , H01S5/305 , H01S5/3211 , H01S5/3401
摘要： Methods and apparatus for improved single-mode selection in a quantum cascade laser. In one example, a distributed feedback grating incorporates both index-coupling and loss-coupling components. The loss-coupling component facilitates selection of one mode from two possible emission modes by periodically incorporating a thin layer of “lossy” semiconductor material on top of the active region to introduce a sufficiently large loss difference between the two modes. The lossy layer is doped to a level sufficient to induce considerable free-carrier absorption losses for one of the two modes while allowing sufficient gain for the other of the two modes. In alternative implementations, the highly-doped layer may be replaced by other low-dimensional structures such as quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots with significant engineered intraband absorption to selectively increase the free-carrier absorption losses for one of multiple possible modes so as to facilitate single-mode operation.
摘要翻译： 用于改进量子级联激光器中单模选择的方法和装置。 在一个示例中，分布式反馈光栅包括折射率耦合和损耗耦合组件。 损耗耦合部件有助于通过在有源区域的顶部周期性地引入有损耗的半导体材料的薄层来在两种模式之间引入足够大的损耗差异，从两种可能的发射模式中选择一种模式。 有损层被掺杂到足以对两种模式之一引起相当大的自由载流子吸收损耗的水平，同时为两种模式中的另一种模式提供足够的增益。 在替代实施方案中，高掺杂层可以被诸如量子阱，量子线和量子点之类的其它低维度结构代替，具有显着的工程化内部吸收，以选择性地增加多种可能模式之一的自由载流子吸收损耗， 以方便单模操作。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080144677A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-19
申请号：US11611819
申请日：2006-12-15
申请人： Mikhail A. Belkin , Benjamin G. Lee , Ross M. Audet , James B. MacArthur , Laurent Diehl , Christian Pflugl , Federico Capasso
发明人： Mikhail A. Belkin , Benjamin G. Lee , Ross M. Audet , James B. MacArthur , Laurent Diehl , Christian Pflugl , Federico Capasso
IPC分类号： H01S3/10
CPC分类号： H01S5/4031 , B82Y20/00 , G01N21/1702 , G01N21/39 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2021/399 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/3401 , H01S5/4087
摘要： A broadly tunable single-mode infrared laser source based on semiconductor lasers. The laser source has two parts: an array of closely-spaced DFB QCLs (or other semiconductor lasers) and a controller that can switch each of the individual lasers in the array on and off, set current for each of the lasers and, and control the temperature of the lasers in the array. The device can be used in portable broadband sensors to simultaneously detect a large number of compounds including chemical and biological agents. A microelectronic controller is combined with an array of individually-addressed DFB QCLs with slightly different DFB grating periods fabricated on the same broadband (or multiple wavelengths) QCL material. This allows building a compact source providing narrow-line broadly-tunable coherent radiation in the Infrared or Terahertz spectral range (as well as in the Ultraviolet and Visible spectral ranges, using semiconductor lasers with different active region design). The performance (tuning range, line width, power level) is comparable to that of external grating tunable semiconductor lasers, but the proposed design is much smaller and much easier to manufacture.
摘要翻译： 基于半导体激光器的广泛可调单模红外激光源。 激光源具有两部分：紧密间隔的DFB QCL（或其他半导体激光器）的阵列以及能够切换阵列中各个激光器的每个开关的控制器，为每个激光器设置电流和控制 阵列中的激光器的温度。 该装置可用于便携式宽带传感器中以同时检测大量包括化学和生物试剂在内的化合物。 微电子控制器与在相同宽带（或多波长）QCL材料上制造的具有稍微不同的DFB光栅周期的单独寻址的DFB QCL阵列组合。 这样可以在红外或太赫兹光谱范围（以及使用具有不同有源区域设计的半导体激光器的紫外和可见光谱范围）中构建一个紧凑的源，提供窄线宽可调谐相干辐射。 性能（调谐范围，线宽，功率水平）与外部光栅可调谐半导体激光器的性能相当，但所提出的设计要小得多，制造容易得多。
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7.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110310915A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US13126576
申请日：2009-11-05
CPC分类号： H01S5/1228 , B82Y20/00 , H01S5/0014 , H01S5/0287 , H01S5/0654 , H01S5/1231 , H01S5/305 , H01S5/3211 , H01S5/3401
摘要： Methods and apparatus for improved single-mode selection in a quantum cascade laser. In one example, a distributed feedback grating incorporates both index-coupling and loss-coupling components. The loss-coupling component facilitates selection of one mode from two possible emission modes by periodically incorporating a thin layer of “lossy” semiconductor material on top of the active region to introduce a sufficiently large loss difference between the two modes. The lossy layer is doped to a level sufficient to induce considerable free-carrier absorption losses for one of the two modes while allowing sufficient gain for the other of the two modes. In alternative implementations, the highly-doped layer may be replaced by other low-dimensional structures such as quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots with significant engineered intraband absorption to selectively increase the free-carrier absorption losses for one of multiple possible modes so as to facilitate single-mode operation.
摘要翻译： 用于改进量子级联激光器中单模选择的方法和装置。 在一个示例中，分布式反馈光栅包括折射率耦合和损耗耦合组件。 损耗耦合部件有助于通过在有源区域的顶部周期性地引入薄层的“有损耗的”半导体材料，以便在两种模式之间引入足够大的损耗差，从两种可能的发射模式中选择一种模式。 有损层被掺杂到足以对两种模式之一引起相当大的自由载流子吸收损耗的水平，同时为两种模式中的另一种模式提供足够的增益。 在替代实施方案中，高掺杂层可以被诸如量子阱，量子线和量子点之类的其它低维度结构代替，具有显着的工程化内部吸收，以选择性地增加多种可能模式之一的自由载流子吸收损耗， 以方便单模操作。
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公开(公告)号：US07826509B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-02
申请号：US11611819
申请日：2006-12-15
申请人： Mikhail A. Belkin , Benjamin G. Lee , Ross M. Audet , James B. MacArthur , Laurent Diehl , Christian Pflügl , Federico Capasso
发明人： Mikhail A. Belkin , Benjamin G. Lee , Ross M. Audet , James B. MacArthur , Laurent Diehl , Christian Pflügl , Federico Capasso
CPC分类号： H01S5/4031 , B82Y20/00 , G01N21/1702 , G01N21/39 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2021/399 , H01S5/0612 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/3401 , H01S5/4087
摘要： A broadly tunable single-mode infrared laser source based on semiconductor lasers. The laser source has two parts: an array of closely-spaced DFB QCLs (or other semiconductor lasers) and a controller that can switch each of the individual lasers in the array on and off, set current for each of the lasers and, and control the temperature of the lasers in the array. The device can be used in portable broadband sensors to simultaneously detect a large number of compounds including chemical and biological agents. A microelectronic controller is combined with an array of individually-addressed DFB QCLs with slightly different DFB grating periods fabricated on the same broadband (or multiple wavelengths) QCL material. This allows building a compact source providing narrow-line broadly-tunable coherent radiation in the Infrared or Terahertz spectral range (as well as in the Ultraviolet and Visible spectral ranges, using semiconductor lasers with different active region design). The performance (tuning range, line width, power level) is comparable to that of external grating tunable semiconductor lasers, but the proposed design is much smaller and much easier to manufacture.
摘要翻译： 基于半导体激光器的广泛可调单模红外激光源。 激光源具有两部分：紧密间隔的DFB QCL（或其他半导体激光器）的阵列和能够切换阵列中的每个激光器的每一个的开关的控制器，为每个激光器设置电流和控制 阵列中的激光器的温度。 该装置可用于便携式宽带传感器中以同时检测大量包括化学和生物试剂在内的化合物。 微电子控制器与在相同宽带（或多波长）QCL材料上制造的具有稍微不同的DFB光栅周期的单独寻址的DFB QCL阵列组合。 这样可以在红外或太赫兹光谱范围（以及使用具有不同有源区域设计的半导体激光器的紫外和可见光谱范围）中构建一个紧凑型源，提供窄线宽可调谐相干辐射。 性能（调谐范围，线宽，功率水平）与外部光栅可调谐半导体激光器的性能相当，但所提出的设计要小得多，制造容易得多。
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