摘要:
Described is a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in which method at least one parameter of the exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust-gas duct (10) is detected by at least one exhaust-gas probe (30; 32), wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is at least temporarily turned over by a starting device (3), during which an injection and combustion of fuel does not take place, and during and/or after which the exhaust-gas probe (30; 32) is adjusted.
摘要:
Described is a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in which method at least one parameter of the exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust-gas duct (10) is detected by at least one exhaust-gas probe (30; 32), wherein the internal combustion engine (1) is at least temporarily turned over by a starting device (3), during which an injection and combustion of fuel does not take place, and during and/or after which the exhaust-gas probe (30; 32) is adjusted.
摘要:
A method for the diagnosis of an exhaust gas recirculation system in an internal combustion engine, including providing a pressure difference reading, which gives a pressure difference in an air supply section of the internal combustion engine or a pressure difference over the exhaust gas recirculation system; determining a pressure difference reference value as a function of one or more operating variables of the internal combustion engine; and detecting a fault in the exhaust gas recirculation system as a function of the pressure difference reading and of the pressure difference reference value.
摘要:
The present invention provides a novel process for producing sterile suspensions of slightly soluble basic peptide complexes. The present invention further provides a novel process for producing sterile lyophilizates of slightly soluble basic peptide complexes. In addition, a novel process for producing sterile suspensions suitable for the parenteral administration of slightly soluble basic peptide complexes is provided. The invention moreover provides sterile suspensions and sterile lyophilizates of slightly soluble basic peptide complexes, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising them. The provided sterile suspensions, sterile lyophilizates and pharmaceutical formulations comprising them are particularly suitable for use in a parenteral dosage form as medicaments for the treatment and prophylaxis of diseases and pathological states in mammals, especially in humans.
摘要:
In a method for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust gas recirculation, air is supplied to at least one combustion chamber via an intake manifold at least partially closable with the aid of a final control element, and a part of the exhaust gases flowing into an exhaust pipe is conducted via an EGR channel, which is at least partially closable with the aid of an EGR valve unit, into an area of the intake manifold, which lies between the final control element and the combustion chamber. A first variable, which characterizes the mass flow of the gas conducted through the EGR channel, is ascertained from a set of state variables of the internal combustion engine, which apply for an operating state in which the engine is in overrun operation and the final control element is essentially closed.
摘要:
A two-layer cavity floor construction comprising a base layer of profile element panels with a plurality of passage-forming spacer elements and a surface layer which combine to provide a minimal overall height with particularly good noise and footstep insulation. The base layer is formed from a noise-insulating material preferably based on polyurethane bound in a polyurethane foam.
摘要:
In a synchronizing device for a TDM system which operates at a high speed, in order to be able to use a slower, energy-saving circuit technique, in the event of n possible phase positions, the TDM signal is split between n parallel shift registers. The outputs of the shift registers are connected to a frame code word recognition circuit. During a synchronization process, the slower-operating clock pulse train of the shift registers is delayed by the period of the received clock pulse train. As a result, the next possible phase position is checked. This procedure is repeated until the frame code word recognition circuit emits a synchronization signal.
摘要:
A method for the diagnosis of an exhaust gas recirculation system in an internal combustion engine, including providing a pressure difference reading, which gives a pressure difference in an air supply section of the internal combustion engine or a pressure difference over the exhaust gas recirculation system; determining a pressure difference reference value as a function of one or more operating variables of the internal combustion engine; and detecting a fault in the exhaust gas recirculation system as a function of the pressure difference reading and of the pressure difference reference value.
摘要:
A method for cleaning a resonator in an oscillator, a laser being first used for the adjustment of the resonator, in that, using the laser, a dielectric material of the resonator is removed until a specified frequency is attained; the resonator being cleaned using the laser after the attaining of the specified frequency, in order to remove deposited products of the removal process.
摘要:
Emulsifier-free microgel dispersed in the aqueous phase obtainable by producing a polyacrylate (A) in the presence of at least compound (B) exhibiting a phosphonic acid group, the polyacrylate (A) exhibiting at least one hydroxyl group and at least one carboxyl group, the reaction mixture originating from step b) not being subjected to subsequent emulsion polymerisation.