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    High efficiency optical switching and display devices
    1.
    发明授权
    High efficiency optical switching and display devices 失效
    高效率的光开关和显示设备

    公开(公告)号：US5781330A

    公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

    申请号：US628392

    申请日：1996-04-05

    申请人： Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Denis Lawrence Rousseau

    发明人： Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Denis Lawrence Rousseau

    IPC分类号： G02F1/23 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/19 ,  G02F1/153

    CPC分类号： G02F1/15

    摘要： Applicants have discovered a new type of optical switching and display device using an active layer comprising electrochromic protein. In essence, the device comprises a cell composed of an electroded back wall and a transparent front wall including a transparent electrode region. A film comprising electrochromic protein is disposed between the two electrodes. In the absence of voltage between the two electrodes, the film reflects light of a first color. If a voltage is applied, the color of the reflected light changes. Because the device uses reflected light rather than transmitted light, backlighting is not required, and the device is highly efficient as compared with conventional LCDs.

    摘要翻译： 申请人已经发现了使用包含电致变色蛋白质的活性层的新型光学开关和显示装置。 本质上，该装置包括由电镀后壁和包括透明电极区域的透明前壁构成的电池。 包含电致变色蛋白的薄膜设置在两个电极之间。 在两个电极之间没有电压的情况下，膜反射第一种颜色的光。 如果施加电压，反射光的颜色变化。 因为器件使用反射光而不是透射光，所以不需要背光，与传统LCD相比，器件效率高。

    Method and apparatus for controlling the flow resistance of a fluid on nanostructured or microstructured surfaces
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for controlling the flow resistance of a fluid on nanostructured or microstructured surfaces 有权
    用于控制纳米结构或微结构化表面上的流体的流动阻力的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US08187894B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-29

    申请号：US13301964

    申请日：2011-11-22

    申请人： Marc Scott Hodes ,  Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Mary Louise Mandich ,  Joseph Ashley Taylor

    发明人： Marc Scott Hodes ,  Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Mary Louise Mandich ,  Joseph Ashley Taylor

    IPC分类号： G01N1/10

    CPC分类号： B01L3/5088 ,  B01L2300/16 ,  B01L2400/0442 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  Y10T137/0396 ,  Y10T436/2575

    摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein the flow resistance of a droplet disposed on a nanostructured or microstructured surface is controlled. A closed-cell feature is used in a way such that, when the pressure of at least a first fluid within one or more of the cells of said surface is decreased to or below a desired level, a droplet disposed on that surface is caused to at least partially penetrate the surface. In another illustrative embodiment, the pressure within one or more of the cells is increased to or above a desired level in a way such that the droplet of liquid is returned at least partially to its original, unpenetrated position. In yet another embodiment, a closed-cell structure feature pattern is used to prevent penetration of the nanostructured or microstructured surface, even when the pressure of the fluid disposed on the surface is relatively high.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制设置在纳米结构或微结构化表面上的液滴的流动阻力的方法和装置。 以这样的方式使用闭孔特征，使得当所述表面的一个或多个细胞内的至少第一流体的压力降低到或低于期望水平时，使在该表面上设置的液滴 至少部分地穿透表面。 在另一示例性实施例中，一个或多个电池内的压力以使得液滴至少部分地返回到其原始的未穿透位置的方式增加到或高于期望水平。 在另一个实施例中，即使当布置在表面上的流体的压力相对较高时，使用闭孔结构特征图案来防止纳米结构化或微结构化表面的渗透。

    RESERVE CELL-ARRAY NANOSTRUCTRED BATTERY
    3.
    发明申请
    RESERVE CELL-ARRAY NANOSTRUCTRED BATTERY 有权
    保留细胞阵列纳米管电池

    公开(公告)号：US20100183906A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

    申请号：US10803565

    申请日：2004-03-18

    申请人： Marc Scott Hodes ,  Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Mary Louise Mandich ,  Joseph Ashley Taylor ,  Donald Weiss

    发明人： Marc Scott Hodes ,  Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Mary Louise Mandich ,  Joseph Ashley Taylor ,  Donald Weiss

    IPC分类号： H01M6/30

    CPC分类号： F42C19/00 ,  H01M4/06 ,  H01M6/30 ,  H01M6/32 ,  H01M6/36 ,  Y10S977/948

    摘要： A battery having an electrode with at least one nanostructured surface is disclosed wherein the nanostructured surface is divided into cells and is disposed in a way such that an electrolyte fluid of the battery is prevented from contacting the portion of electrode associated with each cell. When a voltage is passed over the nanostructured surface associated with a particular cell, the electrolyte fluid is caused to penetrate the nanostructured surface of that cell and to contact the electrode, thus activating the portion of the battery associated with that cell. The current/voltage generated by the battery is controlled by selectively activating only a portion of the cells. Multiple cells can be active simultaneously to produce the desired voltage. The more cells that are active, the higher the current/voltage and the lower the overall life of the battery. The life of the battery can be extended by activating fewer cells simultaneously.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有至少一个纳米结构表面的电极的电池，其中将纳米结构化表面分成多个单元并且被设置成使得电池的电解质流体不会与每个单元相关联的电极的部分接触。 当电压通过与特定电池相关联的纳米结构表面时，使电解液渗透到该电池的纳米结构表面并接触电极，从而激活与该电池相关联的电池部分。 由电池产生的电流/电压通过选择性地激活仅一部分电池来控制。 可以同时激活多个单元以产生所需的电压。 活动的电池越多，电流/电压越高，电池的整体寿命越短。 通过同时激活更少的电池可以延长电池的使用寿命。

    Directed-flow conduit
    7.
    发明授权
    Directed-flow conduit 有权
    定向导管

    公开(公告)号：US08025271B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-09-27

    申请号：US12080409

    申请日：2008-03-31

    申请人： Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Avinoam Kornblit ,  Thomas Nikita Krupenkin ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Todd Richard Salamon

    发明人： Paul Robert Kolodner ,  Avinoam Kornblit ,  Thomas Nikita Krupenkin ,  Alan Michael Lyons ,  Todd Richard Salamon

    IPC分类号： B01F3/04

    CPC分类号： F15D1/065 ,  B33Y80/00 ,  Y10T137/0391 ,  Y10T137/87249

    摘要： Device including channel having channel input and output. Channel has interior channel surface extending along channel path from channel input to output. In one implementation, channel includes plurality of channel sections in serial communication along channel path. Each of channel sections includes first internal circumference spaced apart along channel path from second internal circumference, in each of channel sections the first and second internal circumferences being substantially different. Each of channel sections includes sub-surface of interior channel surface. At least region of sub-surface of each channel section includes distribution of raised micro-scale features. As another implementation, at least first region of interior channel surface includes distribution of raised micro-scale features interrupted by plurality of raised barriers spaced apart along channel path on interior channel surface. Each raised barrier extends on interior channel surface in directions partially transverse to and partially parallel to longitudinal axis. Method also provided.

    摘要翻译： 设备包括具有通道输入和输出的通道。 通道具有从通道输入到输出的通道路径延伸的内部通道表面。 在一个实现中，信道包括沿着信道路径串行通信的多个信道段。 每个通道部分包括沿着与第二内圆周的通道路径间隔开的第一内圆周，在每个通道部分中，第一和第二内圆周基本不同。 每个通道部分包括内部通道表面的子表面。 每个通道部分的子表面的至少区域包括凸起的微尺度特征的分布。 作为另一实施方案，内部通道表面的至少第一区域包括由在内部通道表面上沿着通道路径间隔开的多个凸起的屏障中断的凸起的微尺度特征的分布。 每个凸起的屏障在内部通道表面上沿与纵向轴线部分横向并部分平行的方向延伸。 方法也提供。