摘要:
A method for simultaneously ablating and functionalizing a portion of a polymeric ophthalmic substrate surface, comprising the following steps: applying a CO2 particle spray against an unreacted portion of the substrate surface; and simultaneously projecting at least one source of ionizing-heating radiation into said CO2 particle spray flowing against said unreacted portion of the substrate surface, thus intersecting and mixing together to form an instantaneous surface treatment composition of ionizing-heating radiation and CO2 particle spray flowing against the substrate surface, and to form and remove a reacted portion of the substrate surface.
摘要:
The present invention is an apparatus and process for cleaning substrates using dense fluids under the influence of centrifugal force and dense fluid phase changes. A perforated centrifuge drum operates within a pressure vessel having drains and fill ports. System controls include a high optical sensor, a low optical sensor, a pressure transducer, and a thermocouple. An external dense fluid cleaning and management system exchanges dense fluid and gas with the pressure vessel via the drain and fill ports. Dense fluid centrifugal separations prevent pooling and supercooling of liquid carbon dioxide avoiding recontamination of the substrate. The present invention can perform solvent-aided separation processes including liquid-liquid, liquid-supercritical-fluid, froth flotation and centrifugal phase-shift separations.
摘要:
A process for coating a substrate with a chosen material comprising placing the substrate in a coating chamber and contacting the substrate with a mixture of the selected coating material in a chosen dense phase gas at a selected temperature and a pressure equal to or above the critical pressure of the dense phase gas for a period of time which is sufficient to allow complete penetration of the mixture into all surfaces of the substrate. Then, the phase of the dense phase gas is shifted to produce dissolution of the chosen material from the dense phase gas and to thereby form the coating of the chosen material on the substrate.
摘要:
A process for removing undesired material from a chosen substrate by exposing the substrate simultaneously to ultraviolet radiation and a selected dense fluid, wherein the radiation produces a photochemical reaction that removes the undesired material from the substrate and the dense fluid enhances the removal of the undesired material. In an alternative embodiment, a reactive agent may additionally be used. The process may be used to remove contaminants from a substrate, etch a substrate surface, or destroy toxic organic material in industrial wastes.
摘要:
A process for removing two or more contaminants from a substrate in a single process. The substrate to be cleaned is contacted with a dense phase gas at or above the critical pressure thereof. The phase of the dense phase gas is then shifted between the liquid state and the supercritical state by varying the temperature of the dense fluid in a series of steps between temperatures above and below the critical temperature of the dense fluid. After completion of each step in the temperature change, the temperature is maintained for a predetermined period of time in order to allow contact with the substrate and contaminants and removal of the contaminants. At each step in the temperature change, the dense phase gas possesses different cohesive energy density or solubility properties. Thus, this phase shifting of the dense fluid provides removal of a variety of contaminants from the substrate without the necessity of utilizing different solvents. In alternative embodiments, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic energy, or reactive dense phase gas or additives may additionally be used.
摘要:
This application presents a method and apparatus for cooling a through-ported cutting tool with a source of liquid CO2 with a compressed air line with a compressed air inlet and multiple CO2 injection capillary segments; the capillary segments interconnect to the same source of liquid CO2 and can have high pressure valves and throttles; the throttles have different sizes; a first capillary ends near the cutting tool; the second capillary ends near the compressed air inlet. Using a particular sequence of opening or closing the valves to the liquid CO2 to the capillaries, mixing with the compressed air provides and recycling the residual CO2, this invention provides for uniform and controlled cooling of the cutting tool within a certain temperature range.
摘要:
An electrostatic spray application apparatus and method for producing an electrostatically charged and homogeneous CO2 composite spray mixture containing an additive and simultaneously projecting at a substrate surface. The spray mixture is formed in the space between CO2 and additive mixing nozzles and a substrate surface. The spray mixture is a composite fluid having a variably-controlled aerial and radial spray density comprising pressure- and temperature-regulated propellant gas (compressed air), CO2 particles, and additive particles. There are two or more circumferential and high velocity air streams containing passively charged CO2 particles which are positioned axis-symmetrically and coaxially about an inner and lower velocity injection air stream containing one or more additives to form a spray cluster. The axis-symmetrical CO2 particle-air streams are passively tribocharged during formation, and the spray clustering arrangement creates a significant electrostatic field and Coanda air mass flow between and surrounding the coaxial flow streams.