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公开(公告)号：US5443991A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-22
申请号：US869308
申请日：1992-04-16
申请人： Richard D. Godec , Paul K. Kosenka , Richard Hutte
发明人： Richard D. Godec , Paul K. Kosenka , Richard Hutte
IPC分类号： G01N27/04 , B01J19/08 , G01N27/06 , G01N27/26 , G01N31/00 , G01N33/00 , G01N33/18 , G01N35/00 , G11B15/675 , G11B25/06 , G11B33/02
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06 , G01N31/005 , Y10T436/23 , Y10T436/235
摘要： Apparatus and methods for the measurement of total organic carbon and total inorganic and organic content of water are described. A novel combination of an acidification module, and inorganic carbon removal module based on a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane, and oxidation reaction system which incorporates in-situ generation of oxidizing agents, coupled with catalyzed photo-oxidation of organic compounds to form carbon dioxide, and a high sensitivity, conductometric detector employing a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane permits on-line measurement of the total organic carbon content of water streams.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量总有机碳和水的总无机和有机含量的装置和方法。 基于二氧化碳选择性气体渗透膜的酸化模块和无机碳去除模块的新型组合以及包含原位生成氧化剂的氧化反应体系，加上有机化合物的催化光氧化形成二氧化碳 ，并且使用二氧化碳选择性气体渗透膜的高灵敏度电导率检测器允许在线测量水流的总有机碳含量。
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公开(公告)号：US5132094A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-21
申请号：US487720
申请日：1990-03-02
申请人： Richard D. Godec , Paul K. Kosenka , Richard Hutte
发明人： Richard D. Godec , Paul K. Kosenka , Richard Hutte
IPC分类号： G01N27/04 , B01J19/08 , G01N27/06 , G01N27/26 , G01N31/00 , G01N33/00 , G01N33/18 , G01N35/00 , G11B15/675 , G11B25/06 , G11B33/02
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06 , G01N31/005 , Y10T436/23 , Y10T436/235
摘要： Apparatus and methods for the measurement of total organic carbon and total inorganic and organic content of water are described. A novel combination of an acidification module, and inorganic carbon removal module based on a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane, and oxidation reaction system which incorporates in-situ generation of oxidizing agents, coupled with catalyzed photo-oxidation of organic compounds to form carbon dioxide; and a high sensitivity, conductometric detector employing a carbon dioxide selective gas permeable membrane permits on-line measurement of the total organic carbon content of water streams.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量总有机碳和水的总无机和有机含量的装置和方法。 基于二氧化碳选择性气体渗透膜的酸化模块和无机碳去除模块的新型组合以及包含原位生成氧化剂的氧化反应体系，加上有机化合物的催化光氧化形成二氧化碳 ; 并且使用二氧化碳选择性透气膜的高灵敏度电导率检测器允许在线测量水流的总有机碳含量。
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公开(公告)号：US5798271A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US629033
申请日：1996-04-08
CPC分类号： G01N27/06 , G01N31/005 , G01N33/1846 , Y10T436/23 , Y10T436/235
摘要： Apparatus and methods for the measurement of total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total carbon and total heteroorganic carbon of deionized water are described. In a preferred embodiment, the sample is split into a first stream and a second stream. Inorganic carbon in the first stream is measured using a temperature and conductivity cell, and then the organic carbon in the first stream is oxidized in a U.V. oxidation module. The resulting carbon dioxide is transferred through a carbon dioxide permeable membrane into the second stream. The second stream then passes into a second temperature and conductivity cell for the measurement of total carbon.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量去离子水的总有机碳，总无机碳，总碳和总杂有机碳的装置和方法。 在优选实施例中，将样品分成第一流和第二流。 使用温度和电导率电池测量第一流中的无机碳，然后在第一流中的有机碳在U.V.中被氧化。 氧化模块。 所得二氧化碳通过二氧化碳可渗透膜转移到第二流中。 然后第二条流进入用于测量总碳的第二温度和电导率电池。
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公开(公告)号：US06271043B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-07
申请号：US09368990
申请日：1999-08-05
IPC分类号： G01N110
CPC分类号： G01N35/1079 , G01N2001/2893 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/11 , Y10T436/117497 , Y10T436/235 , Y10T436/25 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： Apparatus and methods for supplying a portion of a fluid stream and, alternately, a fluid of known composition and concentration to an analyzer are provided. The fluid stream is directed through a series of connected chambers formed in an integral housing. A sampling needle has an inlet in one of the chambers and an outlet in fluid communication with the analyzer. When desired, a tube or vial containing a known fluid may be inserted into a chamber containing the sampling needle, so that the known fluid will be supplied to the analyzer. A second needle provides ventilation to the vial to prevent the formation of a vacuum as the known fluid is drained from the vial.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于将一部分流体流以及已知组成和浓度的流体供应给分析器的装置和方法。 流体流被引导通过形成在一体式壳体中的一系列连接的腔室。 采样针在其中一个腔室中具有入口和与分析器流体连通的出口。 当需要时，可以将含有已知流体的管或小瓶插入到含有采样针的腔室中，从而将已知的流体供应到分析器。 当已知的流体从小瓶中排出时，第二针针对小瓶提供通气以防止形成真空。
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公开(公告)号：US07264737B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US10491773
申请日：2002-10-07
CPC分类号： C02F1/469 , B01D61/022 , B01D61/025 , B01D61/04 , B01D61/12 , B01D61/145 , B01D61/422 , B01D61/48 , B01D61/54 , B01D61/58 , B01D2311/04 , C02F1/008 , C02F1/20 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/441 , C02F1/444 , C02F1/4693 , C02F1/4695 , C02F1/66 , C02F5/00 , C02F2103/04 , C02F2209/005 , Y10T436/255 , B01D2311/12
摘要： A water treatment system and method including a membrane-based boron removal unit includes a boron analyzer for detecting the concentration of boron in a treatment stream. The boron removal unit can be a reverse osmosis (RO) or electrodeionization (EDI) treatment unit. A controller responds to the detected boron concentration to control an operation of the RO or EDI units. In an EDI system, the controller may adjust current or voltage supplied to match current to changes in ionic load and maintain a portion of the dilute cell in a substantially regenerated state. In an RO system, the controller may control the high pressure side flow rate, the brine blowdown rate, the product water permeation rate, pH, or feed rate of chemicals in response to the detected boron concentration value.
摘要翻译： 包括膜基除硼单元的水处理系统和方法包括用于检测处理流中的硼浓度的硼分析器。 除硼单元可以是反渗透（RO）或电去离子（EDI）处理单元。 控制器响应检测到的硼浓度来控制RO或EDI单元的操作。 在EDI系统中，控制器可以调节供应的电流或电压以使电流与离子负载的变化相匹配，并将稀释电池的一部分维持在基本上再生的状态。 在RO系统中，控制器可以响应于检测到的硼浓度值来控制化学品的高压侧流速，盐水排放速率，产物水渗透速率，pH或进料速率。
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公开(公告)号：US5047212A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US270451
申请日：1988-11-07
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06 , Y10T436/235
摘要： Apparatus for measurement of total organic carbon content of water, particularly of low relative organic content, is described which features a single sample cell for exposure of a static sample to ultraviolet radiation comprising electrodes for measuring the conductivity of the water. The conductivity is monitored as a function of time and the second time derivative of the conductivity signal is monitored to indicate when the oxidation reaction has been completed. Compensation for the contribution to conductivity of the water sample made by the instrument is achieved by subtracting a quantity porportional to the first time derivative of the conductivity at a time when the second time derivative reaches zero, indicating that the oxidation reaction is complete, from the change in the total conductivity measurement, the remainder being equal to the contribution to conductivity made by oxidation of the organic content of the water.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量水的总有机碳含量，特别是低相对有机含量的装置，其特征在于用于将静态样品暴露于包含用于测量水的电导率的电极的紫外线辐射的单个样品池。 监测电导率作为时间的函数，并监测电导率信号的第二次导数以指示氧化反应何时完成。 由仪器制造的水样的电导率的贡献的补偿是通过在第二时间导数达到零时减去第一时间导电率导数的量的数量来实现的，表明氧化反应完成，从 总电导率测量的变化，其余部分等于通过氧化有机物含量对水的导电性的贡献。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06228325B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09133074
申请日：1998-08-12
IPC分类号： G01N2518
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06 , G01N31/005 , Y10T436/235
摘要： Apparatus and methods for determining the content of total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon, total carbon and total heteroorganic carbon in water are disclosed. In a preferred comprehensive embodiment, the water sample is split into a first stream and a second stream. Inorganic carbon in the first stream, if any, is determined by acidifying the sample, measuring the electrical conductivity using a temperature and conductivity sensor, and removing the ionic species. Organic carbon in the first stream is then substantially completely oxidized in a U.V. oxidation reactor to carbon dioxide and possibly other oxidation products, and the electrical conductivity of the effluent- stream is measured using another temperature and conductivity sensor. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the first stream is transferred through a carbon dioxide permeable membrane into the second strewn. The second stream then passes into another temperature and conductivity sensor and conductivity is measured. Total carbon content, inorganic and organic carbon, and, if present, the heteroorganic organic content of the sample can be determined from the various conductivity measurements.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定水中总有机碳，总无机碳，总碳和总杂有机碳含量的装置和方法。 在优选的综合实施例中，水样被分成第一流和第二流。 通过酸化样品，使用温度和电导率传感器测量电导率并除去离子物质来确定第一流中的无机碳（如果有的话）。 然后将第一流中的有机碳基本上完全氧化为U.V. 氧化反应器到二氧化碳和可能的其他氧化产物，并且使用另一温度和电导率传感器测量流出物流的导电性。 第一流中的二氧化碳的至少一部分通过二氧化碳可渗透膜转移到第二散布中。 然后第二条流进入另一个温度，电导率传感器测量电导率。 总碳含量，无机和有机碳，如果存在，可以从各种电导率测量中确定样品的有机有机含量。
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公开(公告)号：US5750073A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US263610
申请日：1994-06-20
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06 , G01N31/005 , Y10T436/23 , Y10T436/235
摘要： An oxidation reactor having particular utility in a system for measuring carbon in an aqueous sample. A first chamber and second chamber are separated by a hydrogen-permeable electrode, each chamber having a separate electrolysis cell. The hydrogen-permeable electrode acts as the anode of one cell and the cathode of the other cell. The sample stream flows into one chamber and the electrolysis cell produces oxygen from the water at one optically transparent electrode and in combination with short wave ultraviolet light oxidizes organic carbon to CO.sub.2 and produces hydrogen at the other electrode which passes through the hydrogen-permeable electrode into the second chamber. The electrolysis cell in the second chamber produces oxygen at hydrogen-permeable electrode to react with the hydrogen that passes through the hydrogen-permeable electrode to form water, thereby maintaining the maximum concentration gradient of hydrogen across the hydrogen-permeable electrode to improve hydrogen transferring efficiency.
摘要翻译： 一种在用于测量含水样品中的碳的体系中的特别实用的氧化反应器。 第一室和第二室由氢可渗透电极分离，每个室具有单独的电解池。 透氢电极用作一个电池的阳极和另一个电池的阴极。 样品流流入一个室，电解池在一个光学透明电极处从水中产生氧，并与短波紫外光结合，将有机碳氧化成二氧化碳，并在通过氢可渗透电极的另一个电极上产生氢， 第二个房间。 第二室中的电解槽在氢可渗透电极处产生氧气，与通过氢可渗透电极的氢气反应形成水，从而保持氢气在氢可渗透电极上的最大浓度梯度，以提高氢转移效率 。
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公开(公告)号：US4626413A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-02
申请号：US569678
申请日：1984-01-10
CPC分类号： G01N33/1846 , G01N27/06
摘要： Apparatus and methods for measurements of total organic carbon content of water, particularly of low relative organic content, is described which features a single sample cell for exposure of a sample to ultraviolet radiation comprising electrodes for measuring the resistivity of the water. The conductivity is monitored as a function of time and the second time derivative of the conductivity signal is monitored to indicate when the oxidation reaction has been completed. Compensation for the contribution to conductivity of the water sample made by the instrument is achieved by subtracting a quantity porportional to the first time derivative of the resistivity at a time when the second time derivative reaches zero, indicating that the oxidation reaction is complete, from the overall conductivity measurement, the remainder being equal to the contribution of conductivity made by the organic content to the water.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量水的总有机碳含量，特别是低相对有机含量的装置和方法，其特征在于用于将样品暴露于包含用于测量水的电阻率的电极的紫外线辐射的单个样品池。 监测电导率作为时间的函数，并监测电导率信号的第二次导数以指示氧化反应何时完成。 通过在第二时间导数达到零时减去与电阻率的第一次导数相对应的量的数量来表示氧化反应完成，从而从 整体电导率测量，其余部分等于有机物质对水的电导率的贡献。
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公开(公告)号：US07247498B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-24
申请号：US10352516
申请日：2003-01-28
CPC分类号： G01N35/1079 , G01N2001/2893 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/11 , Y10T436/117497 , Y10T436/235 , Y10T436/25 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： Apparatus and methods for supplying a portion of a fluid stream and, alternately, a fluid of known composition and concentration to an analyzer are provided. The fluid stream is directed through a series of connected chambers formed in an integral housing. A sampling needle has an inlet in one of the chambers and an outlet in fluid communication with the analyzer. When desired, a tube or vial containing a known fluid may be inserted into a chamber containing the sampling needle, so that the known fluid will be supplied to the analyzer. A second needle provides ventilation to the vial to prevent the formation of a vacuum as the known fluid is drained from the vial.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于将一部分流体流以及已知组成和浓度的流体供应给分析器的装置和方法。 流体流被引导通过形成在一体式壳体中的一系列连接的腔室。 采样针在其中一个腔室中具有入口和与分析器流体连通的出口。 当需要时，可以将含有已知流体的管或小瓶插入到含有采样针的腔室中，从而将已知的流体供应到分析器。 当已知的流体从小瓶中排出时，第二针针对小瓶提供通气以防止形成真空。
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