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    Method for producing gaseous hydrogen by chemical reaction of metals or metal hydrides subjected to intense mechanical deformations
    2.
    发明授权
    Method for producing gaseous hydrogen by chemical reaction of metals or metal hydrides subjected to intense mechanical deformations 失效
    通过经受强烈机械变形的金属或金属氢化物的化学反应来生产气态氢的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06572836B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

    申请号：US09546712

    申请日：2000-04-10

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Jacques Huot ,  Guoxian Liang ,  Sabin Boily

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Jacques Huot ,  Guoxian Liang ,  Sabin Boily

    IPC分类号： C01B302

    CPC分类号： B01J8/382 ,  C01B3/065 ,  C01B3/08 ,  Y02E60/362

    摘要： An improved method is disclosed for producing gaseous hydrogen by subjecting a metal or a metal hydride to a chemical reaction. In this method, the metal or metal hydride subjected to the chemical reaction is nanocrystalline. Indeed, it has been found that when, instead of using conventional metal hydrides (Mg-based or others), use is made of a metal or metal hydride that is or has been subjected to intensive mechanical deformations, such as a metastable nanocrystalline metal hydride, then the chemical reaction, especially hydrolysis, will take place much more readily, at a much higher rate and, most of the time, up to completion.

    摘要翻译： 公开了通过使金属或金属氢化物进行化学反应来生产气态氢的改进方法。 在这种方法中，进行化学反应的金属或金属氢化物是纳米晶体。 实际上，已经发现，当代替使用常规的金属氢化物（Mg基或其它）时，使用已经或已经经受强烈机械变形的金属或金属氢化物，例如亚稳态纳米晶体金属氢化物 那么化学反应，特别是水解将会以更高的速度发生得更加容易，而且大部分时间可以完成。

    Apparatus for titration and circulation of gases and circulation of an absorbent or adsorbent substance
    3.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for titration and circulation of gases and circulation of an absorbent or adsorbent substance 失效
    用于滴定和循环气体和循环吸收剂或吸附剂物质的装置

    公开(公告)号：US06582663B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-24

    申请号：US09424331

    申请日：1999-11-22

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Jacques Huot

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Jacques Huot

    IPC分类号： G01N3000

    CPC分类号： G01N15/0893 ,  G01N7/04

    摘要： The invention concerns an apparatus for the titration and circulation of gases to determine metal hydride storing properties, with improved response time, greater dynamic range in terms of the usable amount of powder and the maximum pressure accessible and increased sensitivity. The invention also concerns a circulating apparatus considerably reducing the time for analysing and determining the properties of absorbent and adsorbent materials during a large number of adsorption-desorption cycles. Both sets of apparatus are provided with a reference tube inside their oven, near the sample-holder. Said sample-holder tube and reference tube are connected on either side of the differential pressure sensor, thereby considerably enhancing the overall performance of the titration system.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于气体滴定和循环以确定金属氢化物储存性能的装置，具有改善的响应时间，关于粉末的可用量和可获得的最大压力以及增加的灵敏度的更大的动态范围。 本发明还涉及一种循环设备，其大大减少了在大量吸附 - 解吸周期期间分析和确定吸收剂和吸附剂材料的性质的时间。 两套设备在其烤箱内设置有参考管，靠近样品架。 所述样品支架管和参比管连接在差压传感器的两侧，从而显着提高滴定系统的整体性能。

    Nanocomposites with activated interfaces prepared by mechanical grinding of magnesium hydrides and use for storing hydrogen
    4.
    发明授权
    Nanocomposites with activated interfaces prepared by mechanical grinding of magnesium hydrides and use for storing hydrogen 失效
    具有通过机械研磨氢氧化镁制备并用于储存氢的活化界面的纳米复合材料

    公开(公告)号：US07201789B1

    公开(公告)日：2007-04-10

    申请号：US09529910

    申请日：1998-10-21

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Guoxiang Liang ,  Guy Lalande ,  Jacques Huot ,  Sabin Boily ,  André Van Neste

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Guoxiang Liang ,  Guy Lalande ,  Jacques Huot ,  Sabin Boily ,  André Van Neste

    IPC分类号： C01B6/24

    CPC分类号： B22F9/023 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  C01B3/0031 ,  C01B3/0047 ,  C01B3/0078 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/065 ,  H01M10/345 ,  H01M2004/021 ,  Y02E60/327 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/0003 ,  B22F9/04

    摘要： The invention concerns a method for preparing a nanocomposite based on magnesium and another element or compound known to absorb hydrogen and hardly miscible when ground with magnesium or its hydride, such as vanadium, titanium or niobium. The method is characterised in that it consists in submitting magnesium or a compound based on magnesium known to absorb hydrogen to hydrogenation to obtain the corresponding hydride in powder form. Said resulting powder hydride is then mixed with the other element or compound or a hydride of said other element or compound and the resulting mixture is subjected to intense mechanical grinding until the corresponding nanocomposite is obtained in the form of a hydride. Finally, if necessary, the resulting nanocomposite is subjected to hydrogen desorption. The invention also concerns the resulting nanocomposite based on Mg, which has the advantage of being inexpensive and highly efficient for storing hydrogen owing to its microstructure (that is owing to the nature of its interfaces and the spatial distribution of its constituents) which is extremely fine and provides an excellent synergistic effect between Mg and the other element or compound.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备基于镁的纳米复合材料的方法，以及当用镁或其氢化物如钒，钛或铌研磨时已知可吸收氢并且几乎不混溶的另一种元素或化合物。 该方法的特征在于它包括将镁或基于已知吸收氢气的镁化合物进行氢化以获得粉末形式的相应氢化物。 然后将所得的粉末氢化物与另一种元素或化合物或所述其它元素或化合物的氢化物混合，并将所得混合物进行强力机械研磨，直到以氢化物的形式获得相应的纳米复合材料。 最后，如果需要，将所得的纳米复合材料进行氢解吸。 本发明还涉及所得到的基于Mg的纳米复合材料，其具有由于其微结构（即由于其界面的性质及其组分的空间分布）而非常廉价且高效地储存氢的优点） 并且在Mg与其它元素或化合物之间提供优异的协同效应。

    Nanocrystalline composite for hydrogen storage
    5.
    发明授权
    Nanocrystalline composite for hydrogen storage 失效
    储氢纳米晶复合材料

    公开(公告)号：US5906792A

    公开(公告)日：1999-05-25

    申请号：US587588

    申请日：1996-01-19

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Jacques Huot ,  John Strom-Olsen ,  Leszek Zaluski ,  Alicja Zaluska

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Jacques Huot ,  John Strom-Olsen ,  Leszek Zaluski ,  Alicja Zaluska

    IPC分类号： C01B3/00 ,  C22C1/00 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C01B6/24

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0656 ,  C01B3/0078 ,  Y02E60/327 ,  Y10T428/12729

    摘要： Disclosed is a nanocrystalline composite useful for hydrogen storage, which provides optimum hydrogenation conditions along with high hydrogen storage capacity. This composite is the combination of at least one high temperature metal hydride such as Mg or Mg.sub.2 Ni, which has a high hydrogen storage capacity by weight but requires high temperatures for hydrogen absorption and desorption, with at least one low temperature metal hydride such as FeTi, LaNi.sub.5, Nb, Mn or Pd, which has a low hydrogen storage capacity by weight but does not require high temperatures for hydrogen absorption and desorption. The high and low temperature metal hydrides are in direct contact with each other and each in the form of a nanocrystalline powder or layer. This composite is particularly useful as a hydrogen supply source for hydrogen-fueled vehicles.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于氢存储的纳米晶复合物，其提供最佳的氢化条件以及高的储氢能力。 该复合物是至少一种高温金属氢化物如Mg或Mg2Ni的组合，其具有高的储氢容量，但是需要高温用于吸氢和解吸，与至少一种低温金属氢化物如FeTi， LaNi5，Nb，Mn或Pd，其具有低的储氢容量，但不需要用于氢吸收和解吸的高温。 高温和低温金属氢化物彼此直接接触，并且各自呈纳米晶体粉末或层的形式。 该复合材料作为用于氢燃料车辆的氢气供应源特别有用。

    Varistors based on nanocrystalline powders produced by mechanical grinding
    7.
    发明授权
    Varistors based on nanocrystalline powders produced by mechanical grinding 失效
    基于通过机械研磨生产的纳米晶体粉末的压敏电阻

    公开(公告)号：US06620346B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

    申请号：US09485401

    申请日：2000-04-28

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Alain Joly ,  André Van Neste ,  Houshang Alamdari

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Sabin Boily ,  Alain Joly ,  André Van Neste ,  Houshang Alamdari

    IPC分类号： H01B108

    CPC分类号： H01C17/06546 ,  H01C7/112

    摘要： The invention concerns novel varistors based on zinc oxide and a method for making same, which consists in using as base products nanocrystalline powders obtained by high-intensity mechanical grinding and in subjecting the mixture resulting from said nanocrystalline powders a consolidating treatment such as sintering, in suitably selected temperature and time conditions so as to retain the smallest possible grain size of ZnO. The resulting varistors have a very fine homogeneous microstructure and an average grain size characteristically not more than 3 mu m, i.e. five times smaller than standard materials. Said novel varistors have a larger number of grain boundaries per length unit and therefore a much higher breakdown voltage. Said voltage is characteristically higher than 10 kV/cm and can reach 17 kV/cm which is almost one order of magnitude above the breakdown voltage of standard varistors. The non-linearity coefficient of the current-voltage curve is also improved, and is greater than 20 and can reach values as high as 60. Moreover, the leakage currents below the breakdown voltage of said varistors, are much weaker.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及基于氧化锌的新型变阻器及其制造方法，其特征在于，使用通过高强度机械研磨获得的纳米晶体粉末作为基底产品，并将由所述纳米晶体粉末得到的混合物进行固结处理如烧结， 适当选择的温度和时间条件，以保持ZnO的最小可能的晶粒尺寸。 所得压敏电阻具有非常精细的均匀微结构，平均晶粒尺寸特征不超过3pm，即比标准材料小5倍。 所述新型变阻器具有每单位长度单位更大数量的晶界，因此具有更高的击穿电压。 所述电压特性高于10kV / cm，可达到17kV / cm，比标准压敏电阻的击穿电压高出一个数量级。 电流 - 电压曲线的非线性系数也得到提高，大于20，可达到高达60的值。此外，低于所述压敏电阻的击穿电压的漏电流要低得多。

    Alloys of Ti Ru Fe and O and use thereof for the manufacture of cathodes for the electrochemical synthesis of sodium chlorate
    8.
    发明授权
    Alloys of Ti Ru Fe and O and use thereof for the manufacture of cathodes for the electrochemical synthesis of sodium chlorate 失效
    Ti Ru Fe和O的合金及其用于制造电化学合成氯酸钠的阴极的用途

    公开(公告)号：US5662834A

    公开(公告)日：1997-09-02

    申请号：US565586

    申请日：1995-11-30

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Andre Van Neste ,  Sabin Boily ,  Shize Jin

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Andre Van Neste ,  Sabin Boily ,  Shize Jin

    IPC分类号： C30B29/52 ,  C25B20060101 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B11/06 ,  C30B28/02 ,  H01B1/08 ,  H01B1/02

    CPC分类号： C25B1/265 ,  C22C14/00 ,  C22C28/00 ,  C22C30/00 ,  C25B11/04

    摘要： An alloy of formula:Ti.sub.30+x Ru.sub.15+y Fe.sub.25+z O.sub.30+t M.sub.uwherein M represent at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, vanadium, tungsten, antimony, platinum and lead; x is an integer ranging between -30 and +50; y is an integer ranging between -10 and +35; z is an integer ranging between -25 and +70; t is an integer ranging between -28 and +10; and u is an integer ranging between 0 and +50; x, y, z, t and u being selected so that: x+y+z+t+u=0. This alloy, especially when it has a nanocrystalline structure, is useful for the manufacture cathodes for the electro-chemical synthesis of sodium chlorate. These cathodes have an over-potential of hydrogen lower than the one of the soft-steel cathodes presently in use.

    摘要翻译： 合金：Ti30 + x Ru15 + yFe25 + zO30 + t Mu其中M代表选自铬，锰，钒，钨，锑，铂和铅中的至少一种金属; x是在-30和+50之间的整数; y为-10和+35之间的整数; z是在-25和+70之间的整数; t是-28和+10之间的整数; u是0到+50之间的整数; x，y，z，t和u被选择为：x + y + z + t + u = 0。 这种合金，特别是当其具有纳米晶体结构时，可用于制造电化学合成氯酸钠的阴极。 这些阴极具有比当前使用的软钢阴极之一低的氢的过电位。

    Method of rapidly carrying out a hydrogenation of a hydrogen storage material
    10.
    发明授权
    Method of rapidly carrying out a hydrogenation of a hydrogen storage material 失效
    快速进行储氢材料氢化的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06680042B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-20

    申请号：US09706809

    申请日：2000-11-07

    申请人： Robert Schulz ,  Salim Bouaricha ,  Jacques Huot ,  Daniel Guay

    发明人： Robert Schulz ,  Salim Bouaricha ,  Jacques Huot ,  Daniel Guay

    IPC分类号： C01B600

    CPC分类号： C01B6/04 ,  C01B3/0005 ,  Y02E60/325 ,  Y02E60/327

    摘要： Disclosed is a method for rapidly carrying out a hydrogenation of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen. It was discovered that when a powder of a material capable of absorbing hydrogen is ground under a hydrogen pressure, not at room temperature but at a higher temperature (about 300° C. in the case of magnesium) and in the presence of a hydrogenation activator such as graphite and optionally a catalyst, it is possible to transform completely the powder of this material into a hydride. Such a transformation is achieved in a period of time less than 1 hour whereas the known methods call for periods of time as much as 10 times longer. This is an unexpected result which gives rise to a considerable reduction in the cost of manufacture of an hydride, particularly MgH2.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种快速进行能够吸收氢的材料的氢化的方法。 已经发现，当在氢气压力下，不是在室温下而是在较高的温度（在镁的情况下约为300℃）和在氢化活化剂的存在下研磨能够吸收氢的材料的粉末 例如石墨和任选的催化剂，可以将该材料的粉末完全转变为氢化物。 这种转变是在不到1小时的时间内实现的，而已知的方法需要多达10倍的时间。 这是意想不到的结果，其导致氢化物，特别是MgH 2的制造成本的显着降低。