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    Interferometric technique for measurement of nonreciprocal optical effects in a sample
    3.
    发明授权
    Interferometric technique for measurement of nonreciprocal optical effects in a sample 失效
    用于测量样品中非互易光学效应的干涉测量技术

    公开(公告)号：US5235404A

    公开(公告)日：1993-08-10

    申请号：US722338

    申请日：1991-06-27

    申请人： Martin M. Fejer ,  Aharon Kapitulnik ,  Kenneth A. Fesler

    发明人： Martin M. Fejer ,  Aharon Kapitulnik ,  Kenneth A. Fesler

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G02B21/00

    CPC分类号： G01N21/21 ,  G02B21/002 ,  G01J2009/0261 ,  G01J2009/0273 ,  G01N2021/216 ,  G01N2021/218

    摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring nonreciprocal optical effects contemplates directing two circularly polarized optical beams having a known phase relation to each other at a sample, and detecting the difference in phase between the two beams after they have encountered the sample. In a transmission measurement the two circularly polarized beams have the same handedness, but pass through the sample in opposite directions. In a reflection measurement, the two circularly polarized beams have opposite handedness, but encounter the sample in the same direction. In a particular embodiment of the invention a linearly polarized beam is introduced into a Sagnac interferometer and split into two linearly polarized beams which are ultimately recombined.

    摘要翻译： 用于测量不可逆光学效应的方法和装置预期在样本处引导具有彼此已知相位关系的两个圆偏振光束，并且在两个光束遇到样本之后检测两相之间的相位差。 在透射测量中，两个圆偏振光束具有相同的螺旋性，但是在相反方向穿过样品。 在反射测量中，两个圆偏振光束具有相反的手性，但是在相同方向上遇到样品。 在本发明的一个具体实施例中，线性偏振光束被引入到Sagnac干涉仪中，并被分成两个最终重组的线性偏振光束。

    Superconducting bolometer
    4.
    发明授权
    Superconducting bolometer 失效
    超导测辐射热计

    公开(公告)号：US5090819A

    公开(公告)日：1992-02-25

    申请号：US569435

    申请日：1990-08-20

    申请人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    发明人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    IPC分类号： G01J5/20 ,  H01L39/10

    CPC分类号： H01L39/10 ,  G01J5/20 ,  Y10S505/847 ,  Y10S505/849

    摘要： A superconducting transition edge bolometer is constructed using high critical temperature conducting films by stabilizing a substrate of magnesium oxide or sapphire with a silicon base that is bonded to the substrate using a thermally conductive bonding layer. The base is etched away in the region of the desired radiation detecting portion of the superconductor establishing a controlled thermal connection between the detecting portion and the base which base serves as a thermal bath for the bolometer.

    摘要翻译： 使用高临界温度导电膜构建超导过渡边缘辐射热计，通过使用导热接合层将与氧化镁或蓝宝石的衬底相结合的硅基与衬底结合。 在超导体的期望的辐射检测部分的区域中蚀刻基底，在检测部分和基底之间建立受控的热连接，该基底用作测辐射热计的热浴。

    Method of preparing high temperature superconductor films on opposite sides of a substrate
    5.
    发明授权
    Method of preparing high temperature superconductor films on opposite sides of a substrate 失效
    在基板的相对侧制备高温超导膜的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5280013A

    公开(公告)日：1994-01-18

    申请号：US968280

    申请日：1992-10-29

    申请人： Nathan Newman ,  Aharon Kapitulnik ,  Brady F. Cole ,  Randy W. Simon

    发明人： Nathan Newman ,  Aharon Kapitulnik ,  Brady F. Cole ,  Randy W. Simon

    IPC分类号： H01L39/24

    CPC分类号： H01L39/2422 ,  Y10S505/701 ,  Y10S505/702 ,  Y10S505/728 ,  Y10S505/731 ,  Y10S505/732 ,  Y10S505/866

    摘要： A superconducting electronic circuit device, useful when impedance matching is desired, especially suited to microwave frequencies, consisting of a thin dielectric layer with superconducting layers on both sides. A superconductor such as Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) is formed on a first substrate such as lanthanum aluminate. A protective layer like gold is deposited on the YBCO and a second carrier substrate is bonded to the protected YBCO. The first substrate is then thinned into a thin dielectric film and a second layer of superconductor is epitaxially grown thereon to create the desired circuits.

    摘要翻译： 一种超导电子电路装置，当需要阻抗匹配时尤其适用于微波频率，当两面具有超导层的薄电介质层时，这是有用的。 在诸如铝酸镧的第一衬底上形成诸如钇钡氧化铜（YBCO）的超导体。 在YBCO上沉积如金的保护层，第二载体衬底与受保护的YBCO结合。 然后将第一衬底减薄成薄的电介质膜，并在其上外延生长第二层超导体以产生所需的电路。

    Cryogenic thermoelectric cooler
    6.
    发明授权
    Cryogenic thermoelectric cooler 失效
    低温热电冷却器

    公开(公告)号：US5241828A

    公开(公告)日：1993-09-07

    申请号：US915440

    申请日：1992-07-17

    申请人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    发明人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    IPC分类号： H01L35/16 ,  H01L35/22

    CPC分类号： H01L35/16 ,  H01L35/22

    摘要： A Seebeck effect thermoelectric cooler, operative at cryogenic temperatures, in which two materials having different Seebeck coefficients are in electrical contact so that current flow thereacross cools the junction. One or both of the materials comprise a metal-insulator transition material characterized by doping, alloying, or other means to be just slightly metallic so that electrical resistance becomes lower at lower temperatures, but the Seebeck coefficient does not decline at lower temperatures, as would be the case if the material were allowed to become fully metal-like.

    摘要翻译： 塞贝克效应热电冷却器在低温下工作，其中具有不同塞贝克系数的两种材料电接触，使得其中的电流流过冷却结。 一种或两种材料包括金属 - 绝缘体转变材料，其特征在于掺杂，合金化或其它手段仅仅是稍微金属的，使得在较低温度下电阻变低，但是塞贝克系数在较低温度下不会下降，如 如果材料被允许变成完全金属样的情况。

    Superconducting junctions and method of making same
    7.
    发明授权
    Superconducting junctions and method of making same 失效
    超导接头及其制作方法

    公开(公告)号：US5219826A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-15

    申请号：US569434

    申请日：1990-08-20

    申请人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    发明人： Aharon Kapitulnik

    IPC分类号： H01L39/24

    CPC分类号： H01L39/2496 ,  Y10S505/702 ,  Y10S505/728

    摘要： A superconducting Josephson junction is created in high T.sub.c superconducting film, with a bridge connecting two superconducting banks, by subjecting the bridge to a tunneling electron current from a sharp electrode close to the bridge. The tunneling current alters the structure over atomic dimensions to create a weak link of length comparable to high T.sub.c coherence lengths so as to permit phase coherent Cooper pair current flow across the weak link.

    摘要翻译： 在高Tc超导膜中形成超导约瑟夫逊结，通过使桥接受来自靠近桥的尖锐电极的隧穿电子电流，连接两个超导体的桥。 隧道电流改变了原子尺寸上的结构，以产生与高Tc相干长度相当的长度的弱连接，以允许跨越弱链路的相位相干Cooper对电流。