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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6151438A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-21
申请号：US160779
申请日：1998-09-24
CPC分类号： G02F1/011 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/266 , G02F1/0147 , G02F2203/48
摘要： A device for changing the power levels of signals transmitted by an optical fiber, along with signal modulation and wavelength routing, comprises a length of optical fiber in which for a predetermined section of the length of the fiber, the fiber core is surrounded by a cladding having one or more variable refractive index (VRI) regions disposed therein in close proximity to the core. The VRI regions are fabricated with a material having an index of refraction higher than that of the cladding and may comprise a variable attenuator.
摘要翻译： 用于改变由光纤发射的信号的功率电平以及信号调制和波长路由的装置包括一段长度的光纤，其中对于纤维长度的预定部分，光纤芯被包层 具有一个或多个可变折射率（VRI）区域，其设置在靠近芯部的位置。 VRI区域由具有高于包层的折射率的材料制成并且可以包括可变衰减器。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6111999A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US159435
申请日：1998-09-24
CPC分类号： G02B6/03638 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/02195 , G02B6/03622 , G02B6/2932 , G02B6/29322 , G02B6/29395 , G02B6/02033
摘要： A device for changing the power levels of signals transmitted by an optical fiber, along with signal modulation and wavelength routing, comprises a length of optical fiber in which for a predetermined section of the length of the fiber, the fiber core is surrounded by a cladding having one or more variable refractive index (VRI) regions disposed therein in close proximity to the core. A grating region is disposed along the length of the fiber overlapping the VRI region. The VRI regions have an index of refraction lower than that of the core to change the effective index of the guided light and thereby define a tunable grating.
摘要翻译： 用于改变由光纤发射的信号的功率电平以及信号调制和波长路由的装置包括一段长度的光纤，其中对于纤维长度的预定部分，光纤芯被包层 具有一个或多个可变折射率（VRI）区域，其设置在靠近芯部的位置。 沿着与VRI区域重叠的纤维的长度设置光栅区域。 VRI区域的折射率低于芯的折射率，以改变导光的有效折射率，从而限定可调光栅。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06385368B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09257351
申请日：1999-02-19
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 , G02B6/02095 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/266 , G02F1/1334 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2203/03
摘要： Embodiments of the invention include an optical system apparatus and method for modulating the strength of a grating such as a long period grating (LPG) within optical systems and devices by varying the light transmission and loss characteristics of the cladding mode, rather than varying the effective refractive index of the fiber layers. According to embodiments of the invention, the use of a light-scattering or light absorptive material in the cladding of the optical fiber or other optical energy transmission medium causes the cladding to switch between a first state that effectively allows coherent coupling of cladding modes and a second state that effectively prevents coherent coupling of cladding modes. The light-scattering materials include electro-optic materials that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the presence (or absence) of an electric field, magneto-optic materials that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the presence (or absence) of a magnetic field, and materials capable of phase transitions that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on temperature. The light-absorptive materials include dopants that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the wavelength of the optical energy. Embodiments of the invention differ from conventional optical media in that, according to embodiments of the invention, the cladding mode loss (attenuation) is varied rather than conventional changes in the index of refraction. The magnitude of the loss according to embodiments of the invention depends on the specification arrangements employed, but such loss typically is defined in dB per unit length in the given cladding mode.
摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括一种用于通过改变包层模式的光透射和损耗特性来调制光学系统和装置内的诸如长周期光栅（LPG）的光栅的强度的光学系统装置和方法，而不是改变有效 纤维层的折射率。 根据本发明的实施例，在光纤或其他光能传输介质的包层中使用光散射或光吸收材料使得包层在有效地允许包层模式的相干耦合的第一状态和 有效地防止包层模式的相干耦合的第二状态。 光散射材料包括基于电场的存在（或不存在）使得包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的电光材料，使得包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的磁光材料 基于磁场的存在（或不存在）的状态，以及能够基于温度使包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的相变材料。 光吸收材料包括基于光能的波长使包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的掺杂剂。 本发明的实施例不同于传统的光学介质，因为根据本发明的实施例，包层模式损耗（衰减）是变化的，而不是常规的折射率的变化。 根据本发明的实施例的损耗的大小取决于所采用的规范布置，但是在给定的包层模式中，这种损耗通常以单位长度的dB为单位。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5802236A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US799311
申请日：1997-02-14
申请人： David John DiGiovanni , Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar , Jefferson Lynn Wagener , Robert Scott Windeler
发明人： David John DiGiovanni , Ashish Madhukar Vengsarkar , Jefferson Lynn Wagener , Robert Scott Windeler
IPC分类号： C03B37/012 , C03B37/027 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/036 , H01S3/067 , G02B6/22
CPC分类号： G02B6/023 , B82Y20/00 , C03B37/0122 , C03B37/027 , G02B6/02028 , G02B6/02261 , G02B6/0228 , G02B6/02333 , G02B6/02338 , G02B6/02347 , G02B6/02357 , G02B6/02361 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2203/14 , C03B2203/36 , C03B2203/42 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02366 , H01S3/06708
摘要： Disclosed are non-periodic microstructured optical fibers that guide radiation by index guiding. By appropriate choice of core region and cladding region, the effective refractive index difference .DELTA. between core region and cladding can be made large, typically greater than 5% or even 10 or 20%. Such high .DELTA. results in small mode field diameter of the fundamental guided mode (typically
摘要翻译： 公开了通过指数引导引导辐射的非周期性微结构光纤。 通过适当选择纤芯区域和包层区域，可以使芯区域和包层之间的有效折射率差ΔTA大，通常大于5％甚至10％或20％。 这种高DELTA导致基本导模（通常<2.5μm）的小模场直径，并且因此导致芯区域中的高辐射强度。 示例性地，根据本发明的纤维具有由内包层区域和外包层区域包围的固体二氧化硅芯区域。 包层区域具有在轴向纤维方向上延伸的毛细孔隙，外包层区域中的空隙具有比内包层区域更大的直径，使得外包层区域的有效折射率大于 内包层区域。 非周期性微结构纤维潜在地具有许多用途，例如作为色散补偿光纤（具有或不具有色散斜率补偿），作为放大光纤，激光器，可饱和吸收器，光纤光栅和非线性元件。 还公开了制造微结构纤维的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US07110646B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US10094093
申请日：2002-03-08
IPC分类号： G06C1/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/021 , G02B6/02333 , G02B6/02338 , G02B6/02366 , G02B6/02371 , G02B6/02376 , G02B6/02385 , G02B6/0239
摘要： A tunable optical fiber device comprises a length of fiber having a core having a certain refractive index; a cladding peripherally surrounding the core with a refractive index less than the refractive index of the core; and at least one hollow region disposed within the cladding in proximity to the core or within the core itself. Fluid (typically liquid) controllably moved within the hollow region modifies the effective index of the fiber and thereby tunes its characteristics.
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公开(公告)号：US06658183B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-02
申请号：US09692955
申请日：2000-10-20
申请人： Juhi Chandalia , David John DiGiovanni , Benjamin John Eggleton , Sandra Greenberg Kosinski , Xiang Liu , Robert Scott Windeler , Chunhui Xu
发明人： Juhi Chandalia , David John DiGiovanni , Benjamin John Eggleton , Sandra Greenberg Kosinski , Xiang Liu , Robert Scott Windeler , Chunhui Xu
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/02361 , G02B6/02366 , G02B6/02371 , G02B6/02376 , G02B6/14 , G02B6/2552
摘要： The invention involves providing a microstructured fiber having a core region, a cladding region, and one or more axially oriented elements (e.g., capillary air holes) in the cladding region. A portion of the microstructured fiber is then treated, e.g., by heating and stretching the fiber, such that at least one feature of the fiber microstructure is modified along the propagation direction, e.g., the outer diameter of the fiber gets smaller, the axially oriented elements get smaller, or the axially oriented elements collapse. The treatment is selected to provide a resultant fiber length that exhibits particular properties, e.g., mode contraction leading to soliton generation, or mode expansion. Advantageously, the overall fiber length is designed to readily couple to a standard transmission fiber, i.e., the core sizes at the ends of the length are similar to a standard fiber, which allows efficient coupling of light into the microstructured fiber length.
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公开(公告)号：US06393178B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09773696
申请日：2001-02-01
IPC分类号： G02B626
摘要： A fiber optic system comprises an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, and an optical fiber transmission path that optically couples the transmitter and the receiver to one another. The transmission path includes a first section that has negative dispersion at an operating wavelength &lgr;0 greater than about 1300 nm and a second section that includes a MOF. The MOF has relatively large anomalous dispersion at &lgr;0 and is sufficiently long to compensate the accumulated negative dispersion in the first section. In one embodiment the MOF comprises a core, a lower index cladding that includes one or more layers of air holes surrounding the core, characterized in that the diameter of the core is less than about 8 &mgr;m and the difference in effective refractive index between the core and cladding is greater than about 0.1 (10%). Preferably, the cladding contains no more than 2 layers of air holes and the distance between the nearest edges of adjacent air holes is less than about 1 &mgr;m.
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公开(公告)号：US08167282B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-01
申请号：US13373066
申请日：2011-11-03
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： C03B19/1438 , B01D1/0005 , C03B37/01433 , C03B37/01838 , C03B2201/28 , C03B2201/31 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/36 , C03B2207/81 , C03B2207/87
摘要： A method of fabricating a glass body that includes a multiplicity of constituents, at least one of which is a dopant (e.g., a rare-earth element) having a low vapor pressure (LVP) precursor includes the steps of: (a) generating an aerosol from the LVP precursor; (b) separately generating vapors of the other constituents; (c) convecting the aerosol and vapors to deposition system including a substrate; and (d) forming at least one doped layer on a surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the method also includes filtering the aerosol so as to remove aerosol particles outside of a particular range of sizes. Also described is a unique aerosol generator that is particularly useful in generating aerosols of rare-earth dopants. Particular embodiments directed to the fabrication of Yb-doped optical fibers are described.
摘要翻译： 一种制造玻璃体的方法，其包括多个成分，其中至少一个是具有低蒸气压（LVP）前体的掺杂剂（例如，稀土元素），其包括以下步骤：（a）产生 来自LVP前体的气溶胶; （b）分别生成其他成分的蒸气; （c）将气溶胶和蒸气对流到包括基底的沉积系统; 和（d）在所述衬底的表面上形成至少一个掺杂层。 在一个实施方案中，该方法还包括过滤气溶胶以除去特定范围的气溶胶颗粒。 还描述了一种独特的气溶胶发生器，其特别用于产生稀土掺杂剂的气溶胶。 描述了涉及制造掺杂Yb的光纤的特定实施例。
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9.发明授权Method of making optical waveguide devices using perchloryl fluoride to make soot 失效使用高氯氟化物制造光波导器件来制造烟灰的方法
公开(公告)号：US6109065A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-29
申请号：US65961
申请日：1998-04-24
IPC分类号： C03B8/04 , C03B37/018 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/02 , C03B37/027
CPC分类号： C03B37/01807 , C03B37/01838 , C03B2201/12 , C03B2201/28 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/36 , C03B2201/40
摘要： Applicants have determined that much of the nonuniformity in solution doped preforms is due to nonuniformity of the soot layer caused by the high temperature necessary for complete reaction, and that MCVD fabrication using reaction temperature lowering gases such as nitrous oxide (N.sub.2 O) can produce more uniform soot layers. The conventional oxygen/reactant gas mixture presents a very small temperature window in which a uniform silica soot layer can be deposited without sintering. If the temperature in oxygen is too low, SiCl.sub.4 will not react completely and silicon oxychlorides will form. This degrades the soot layer and makes it unusable. If the temperature is too high the soot layer begins to sinter, decreasing the surface area and porosity. Adding a reaction temperature lowering gas lowers the reaction temperature and enables deposition of soot on the tube wall at a temperature substantially lower than the sintering temperature. This results in a more uniform, porous soot layer along the length of the preform and from one preform to another; and, in turn, the greater uniformity permits more uniform solution doping.
摘要翻译： 申请人已经确定了溶液掺杂预制件中的大部分不均匀性是由于完全反应所需的高温引起的烟灰层的不均匀性，并且使用反应温度降低气体如一氧化二氮（N 2 O）的MCVD制造可以产生更均匀的 烟灰层。 常规的氧气/反应物气体混合物呈现非常小的温度窗口，其中可沉积均匀的二氧化硅烟灰层而不烧结。 如果氧气中的温度太低，SiCl4将不会完全反应并形成硅氧氯化物。 这会降低烟灰层，使其不可用。 如果温度太高，烟灰层开始烧结，减少表面积和孔隙率。 添加反应降温气体降低了反应温度，并且能够以基本上低于烧结温度的温度将烟灰沉积在管壁上。 这导致沿着预成型件的长度和从一个预成型件到另一个预制件的更均匀的多孔的烟灰层; 反过来，更大的均匀性允许更均匀的溶液掺杂。
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公开(公告)号：US20120049393A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-01
申请号：US13373066
申请日：2011-11-03
IPC分类号： B01F3/04
CPC分类号： C03B19/1438 , B01D1/0005 , C03B37/01433 , C03B37/01838 , C03B2201/28 , C03B2201/31 , C03B2201/34 , C03B2201/36 , C03B2207/81 , C03B2207/87
摘要： A method of fabricating a glass body that includes a multiplicity of constituents, at least one of which is a dopant (e.g., a rare-earth element) having a low vapor pressure (LVP) precursor comprises the steps of: (a) generating an aerosol from the LVP precursor; (b) separately generating vapors of the other constituents; (c) convecting the aerosol and vapors to deposition system including a substrate; and (d) forming at least one doped layer on a surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the method also includes filtering the aerosol so as to remove aerosol particles outside of a particular range of sizes. Also described is a unique aerosol generator that is particularly useful in generating aerosols of rare-earth dopants. Particular embodiments directed to the fabrication of Yb-doped optical fibers are described.
摘要翻译： 一种制造玻璃体的方法，其包括多个组分，其中至少一种是具有低蒸气压（LVP）前体的掺杂剂（例如，稀土元素），其包括以下步骤：（a）产生 来自LVP前体的气溶胶; （b）分别生成其他成分的蒸气; （c）将气溶胶和蒸气对流到包括基底的沉积系统; 和（d）在所述衬底的表面上形成至少一个掺杂层。 在一个实施方案中，该方法还包括过滤气溶胶以除去特定范围的气溶胶颗粒。 还描述了一种独特的气溶胶发生器，其特别用于产生稀土掺杂剂的气溶胶。 描述了涉及制造掺杂Yb的光纤的特定实施例。
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