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    Method and apparatus for modulating signal strength within optical systems
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for modulating signal strength within optical systems 有权
    调制光学系统内信号强度的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06385368B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-05-07

    申请号：US09257351

    申请日：1999-02-19

    申请人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Todd Christian Haber ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener ,  Robert Scott Windeler

    发明人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Todd Christian Haber ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener ,  Robert Scott Windeler

    IPC分类号： G02B626

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/02095 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2203/03

    摘要： Embodiments of the invention include an optical system apparatus and method for modulating the strength of a grating such as a long period grating (LPG) within optical systems and devices by varying the light transmission and loss characteristics of the cladding mode, rather than varying the effective refractive index of the fiber layers. According to embodiments of the invention, the use of a light-scattering or light absorptive material in the cladding of the optical fiber or other optical energy transmission medium causes the cladding to switch between a first state that effectively allows coherent coupling of cladding modes and a second state that effectively prevents coherent coupling of cladding modes. The light-scattering materials include electro-optic materials that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the presence (or absence) of an electric field, magneto-optic materials that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the presence (or absence) of a magnetic field, and materials capable of phase transitions that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on temperature. The light-absorptive materials include dopants that cause the cladding to switch between the first and second states based on the wavelength of the optical energy. Embodiments of the invention differ from conventional optical media in that, according to embodiments of the invention, the cladding mode loss (attenuation) is varied rather than conventional changes in the index of refraction. The magnitude of the loss according to embodiments of the invention depends on the specification arrangements employed, but such loss typically is defined in dB per unit length in the given cladding mode.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例包括一种用于通过改变包层模式的光透射和损耗特性来调制光学系统和装置内的诸如长周期光栅（LPG）的光栅的强度的光学系统装置和方法，而不是改变有效 纤维层的折射率。 根据本发明的实施例，在光纤或其他光能传输介质的包层中使用光散射或光吸收材料使得包层在有效地允许包层模式的相干耦合的第一状态和 有效地防止包层模式的相干耦合的第二状态。 光散射材料包括基于电场的存在（或不存在）使得包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的电光材料，使得包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的磁光材料 基于磁场的存在（或不存在）的状态，以及能够基于温度使包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的相变材料。 光吸收材料包括基于光能的波长使包层在第一和第二状态之间切换的掺杂剂。 本发明的实施例不同于传统的光学介质，因为根据本发明的实施例，包层模式损耗（衰减）是变化的，而不是常规的折射率的变化。 根据本发明的实施例的损耗的大小取决于所采用的规范布置，但是在给定的包层模式中，这种损耗通常以单位长度的dB为单位。

    Electrically modifiable optical grating devices
    2.
    发明授权
    Electrically modifiable optical grating devices 失效
    电可修改的光栅设备

    公开(公告)号：US06192177B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

    申请号：US09118201

    申请日：1998-07-17

    申请人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Benjamin John Eggleton ,  John A. Rogers ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    发明人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Benjamin John Eggleton ,  John A. Rogers ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02204 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： In accordance with the invention, an electrically modifiable optical fiber grating device is made by providing a fiber including a grating and forming a plurality of electrically conductive elements along the grating. In response to an electrical signal, the conductive elements modify the grating. In a preferred embodiment, a fiber grating is provided with a plurality of heating elements spaced to selectively heat different portions of the grating. This chirps the spacing between elements of the grating and thereby increases the bandwidth of the device.

    摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过提供包括光栅的光纤并沿着光栅形成多个导电元件来制造电可修改的光纤光栅器件。 响应于电信号，导电元件修改光栅。 在优选实施例中，光纤光栅设置有多个加热元件，间隔开以选择性地加热光栅的不同部分。 这可以调节光栅元件之间的间距，从而增加器件的带宽。

    Switchable and reconfigurable optical grating devices and methods for making them
    3.
    发明授权
    Switchable and reconfigurable optical grating devices and methods for making them 失效
    可切换和可重新配置的光栅设备及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US06285812B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-04

    申请号：US09118198

    申请日：1998-07-17

    申请人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Benjamin John Eggleton ,  John A. Rogers ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    发明人： Karl R. Amundson ,  Benjamin John Eggleton ,  John A. Rogers ,  Jefferson Lynn Wagener

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0118 ,  G02B6/02195 ,  G02F1/0115 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： In accordance with the invention, an optical fiber grating device is made by providing a fiber with an electrically actuable component optically responsive to voltage or current and a plurality of conductive elements to locally activate the component and thereby to produce local optical perturbations in the fiber. In a preferred embodiment, a fiber is provided with a core of liquid crystal material and a plurality of periodically spaced microelectrode pairs. Application of a voltage to the microelectrodes results in a periodic sequence of perturbations in the core index which produces a grating. When the voltage is switched off, the grating switches off. Other embodiments utilize helical conductive elements.

    摘要翻译： 根据本发明，通过向光纤提供光学响应于电压或电流的电致动部件和多个导电元件来局部激活部件并由此在光纤中产生局部光学干扰来制造光纤光栅器件。 在优选实施例中，纤维设置有液晶材料芯和多个周期性间隔的微电极对。 对微电极施加电压导致产生光栅的芯指数中的周期扰动序列。 当电压关闭时，光栅关闭。 其他实施例使用螺旋导电元件。