公开(公告)号：US07662267B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-16

申请号：US10343269

申请日：2001-08-10

Applicant: William W. Carson ,  Keith J. Sims ,  Oleg Grebenyuk ,  Thomas J. Susa ,  Hilda R. Zanapalidou ,  Wayne A. McRae ,  Russell J. MacDonald

Inventor： William W. Carson ,  Keith J. Sims ,  Oleg Grebenyuk ,  Thomas J. Susa ,  Hilda R. Zanapalidou ,  Wayne A. McRae ,  Russell J. MacDonald

IPC: B01D61/42

CPC classification number: C02F1/4695 ,  B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/50 ,  B01D61/52 ,  B01D61/54 ,  B01D63/082 ,  B01D63/10 ,  B01D69/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F2103/04 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2201/4611 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/46125 ,  C02F2301/024 ,  C02F2301/026 ,  Y02A20/131 ,  Y02A20/134

Abstract: An improved apparatus and operating method related thereto for deionizing water to produce substantially pure water using electric field and ion exchange materials are disclosed, including embodiments incorporating one or more of the novel features of brine and electrode streams flowing in a direction counter-current to the stream being deionized, a filling of the brine stream with stratified ion exchange materials, a stream mixing feature for mixing the stream being deionized, a gas removal feature for removal of gases, a spiral-wound embodiment of an electrodialysis device according to the invention, and a method for determining the preferred operating current for electrodialysis systems according to this invention.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种与其相关的改进的设备和操作方法，其用于使用电场和离子交换材料去离子水以产生基本上纯的水，包括结合一个或多个盐酸盐和电极流的新特征的实施方案， 流分离，用分层离子交换材料填充盐水流，用于混合去离子水的流混合特征，用于除去气体的气体去除特征，根据本发明的电渗析装置的螺旋缠绕实施方案， 以及用于确定根据本发明的电渗析系统的优选操作电流的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06410672B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09362591

申请日：1999-07-28

Applicant: Russell J. MacDonald ,  James A. Lech

Inventor： Russell J. MacDonald ,  James A. Lech

IPC: C08F1228

CPC classification number: B01J41/14 ,  C08F2/06

Abstract: The invention provides ion exchange and electrochemical methods and devices employing anion exchange polymers produced by substantially simultaneous quaternization and polymerization reactions. Anion selective polymers are produced in accordance with the invention by combining, an ethylenic tertiary amine monomer, an alkylating agent having a boiling point temperature of at least about 100° C., and a cross-linking agent in the presence of a polymerizing agent for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form the polymer. The alkylating agent and the cross-linking agent may be the same compound, a cross-linking alkylating agent. The polymers may be produced in the presence of solvents and/or in the presence of diluting monomers which are incorporated into the polymers.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供使用通过基本上同时进行的季铵化和聚合反应制备的阴离子交换聚合物的离子交换和电化学方法和装置。 阴离子选择性聚合物根据本发明通过将乙烯基叔胺单体，沸点温度至少为约100℃的烷基化剂和交联剂在聚合剂的存在下， 时间和足以形成聚合物的温度。 烷基化剂和交联剂可以是相同的化合物，交联烷基化剂。 聚合物可以在溶剂的存在下和/或在掺入聚合物中的稀释单体的存在下制备。

公开(公告)号：US5037858A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-06

申请号：US541854

申请日：1990-06-21

Applicant: Russell J. MacDonald

Inventor： Russell J. MacDonald

IPC: B01J41/14 ,  C08F220/60

CPC classification number: C08F220/60 ,  B01J41/14

Abstract: This invention is directed to producing highly concentrated solutions of methylenebisacrylamide and thereafter blending with ionogeneous acrylic monomers to produce low porosity, highly crosslinked, water insoluble polymers for use as anion selective resins and membranes.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及生产高度浓缩的亚甲基双丙烯酰胺溶液，然后与离子性丙烯酸单体共混以产生用作阴离子选择性树脂和膜的低孔隙率，高度交联的水不溶性聚合物。

公开(公告)号：US20080272001A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-06

申请号：US12173908

申请日：2008-07-16

Applicant: Li Zhang ,  Yongchang Zheng ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Yuander A. Ju (aka Alex Ju)

Inventor： Li Zhang ,  Yongchang Zheng ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Yuander A. Ju (aka Alex Ju)

IPC: G01N27/26

CPC classification number: B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/445 ,  C07K1/24 ,  C12M47/12

Abstract: A fluid from a fermentation process or the like is passed or circulated through chambers of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis unit to separate an ionizable organic acid stream and at least one co-ion or residual stream. The organic acid stream is preferably concentrated (e.g., by recirculation, dewatering or both), and a product is recovered from the concentrated stream, for example by crystallization, and other outputs from the electrodialysis unit may be integrated with overall treatment and applied elsewhere in the treatment system. Depleted feed may be returned upstream to enhance yield, condition the medium or form a by-product. Treatment systems of the invention may replace a cation exchange bed and/or various filter arrangements, and recirculation of the feed and product flows through the unit enhance recovery, separation and quality of the target species. An ED chamber may include a filling of ion exchange beads to maintain a desired operating efficiency as the feed is depleted, and the straight-through operation effectively operates as pre-filtration stage to provide downstream product-bearing flows with processing characteristics for enhanced treatment, recovery and product quality. When operated to treat a downstream waste, systems allow additional recovery of value in the form of product, unexpended nutrients, co-factors and/or other components present in the waste.

Abstract translation: 来自发酵过程等的流体通过或循环通过双极膜电渗析装置的室，以分离出可电离的有机酸流和至少一种共离子或残余流。 优选浓缩有机酸流（例如通过再循环，脱水或两者），并且例如通过结晶从浓缩物流中回收产物，并且来自电渗析装置的其它输出可以与整体处理相结合并在其它地方应用 治疗系统。 消耗的饲料可以向上游返回以提高产量，调节培养基或形成副产物。 本发明的处理系统可以替代阳离子交换床和/或各种过滤器装置，并且通过该单元的进料和产物流的再循环增强了目标物种的回收，分离和质量。 ED室可以包括填充离子交换珠以在进料耗尽时保持期望的操作效率，并且直通操作有效地作为预过滤阶段进行操作以提供具有用于增强处理的加工特性的下游产品流动流， 恢复和产品质量。 当操作处理下游废物时，系统允许以产品，未用的营养物，辅因子和/或废物中存在的其他成分的形式额外回收价值。

公开(公告)号：US5503729A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-02

申请号：US233092

申请日：1994-04-25

Applicant: Irving D. Elyanow ,  Arthur L. Goldstein ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Wayne A. McRae ,  Keith J. Sims ,  Li Zhang

Inventor： Irving D. Elyanow ,  Arthur L. Goldstein ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Wayne A. McRae ,  Keith J. Sims ,  Li Zhang

IPC: A23C9/144 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C01B11/04 ,  C01B11/06 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F9/00

CPC classification number: A23C9/144 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C01B11/04 ,  C01B11/06 ,  C02F1/441 ,  C02F1/469 ,  B01D61/025 ,  B01D61/027 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/147 ,  B01D61/422 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F1/4695 ,  C02F2101/163 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F9/00

Abstract: Electrodialysis ("ED") stacks are disclosed having components selected from the group:a) cation exchange ("CX") membranes and/or CX granules having in at least a surface a predominant amount of sulfonate exchange groups and a minor amount of weakly ionized exchange groups;b) anion exchange ("AX") membranes and/or AX granules having in at least a surface substantially only quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium exchange groups which upon decomposition leave almost no amine or phosphine groups bound to the membranes or granules;c) AX and/or CX granules which are selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such granules;d) AX and/or CX membranes and granules, such membranes and granules selective to monovalent ions at currents which are fractions of the limiting current of such membranes and granules;e) ion exchange ("IX") granules in which the concentration of IX groups in the inner regions is a fraction (including zero) of the concentration in the outer regions;f) AX membranes and/or granules having in at least a surface AX groups having the formula ##STR1## where the R's represent substituents other than hydroxyethyl having at least two carbon atoms, at least one of the R's represents the polymeric structure of such membranes or granules, or a connection thereto, where two or more R's may represent ring structures and A represents nitrogen or phosphorus.Also disclosed are processes for softening, de-nitrating, de-silicizing or demineralizing water or for removing ash from milk products.

Abstract translation: 公开了电渗析（“ED”）堆，其具有选自以下的组分：a）阳离子交换（“CX”）膜和/或CX颗粒，其在至少一个表面中具有主要量的磺酸盐交换基团和少量的弱 离子交换基团; b）阴离子交换（“AX”）膜和/或AX颗粒，其在至少表面上具有基本上仅季铵和/或鏻交换基团，其在分解时几乎不会与膜或颗粒结合的胺或膦基; c）AX和/或CX颗粒，其在这些颗粒的极限电流的分数的电流下对单价离子是选择性的; d）AX和/或CX膜和颗粒，这些膜和颗粒对于这些膜和颗粒的极限电流分数的电流对单价离子是选择性的; e）离子交换（“IX”）颗粒，其中内部区域中的IX基团的浓度是外部区域中浓度的分数（包括零）; f）在具有式“IMAGE”的至少一个表面AX基团中的AX膜和/或颗粒，其中R代表除具有至少两个碳原子的羟乙基之外的取代基，R'中的至少一个表示这种膜的聚合物结构 或颗粒，或其连接，其中两个或更多个R可以表示环结构，A表示氮或磷。 还公开了用于软化，脱硝，脱硅或脱矿质水或用于从乳制品中除去灰分的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5264125A

公开(公告)日：1993-11-23

申请号：US872691

申请日：1992-04-20

Applicant: Russell J. MacDonald ,  Russell B. Hodgdon ,  Samuel S. Alexander

Inventor： Russell J. MacDonald ,  Russell B. Hodgdon ,  Samuel S. Alexander

IPC: B29C70/50 ,  H05K1/03 ,  B01D69/02

CPC classification number: B29C70/504 ,  B29C33/0011 ,  H05K1/036 ,  H05K1/0366

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents therefor, said solvents also being swelling agents for said membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate and to the products of such processes.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及以环保方式制造的连续的负载离子交换膜（I）含有乙烯基和相关单体电解质的液体及其高沸点溶剂的方法，所述溶剂也是用于所述膜的溶胀剂; 和（II）无限长的有孔基材和这些工艺的产品。

公开(公告)号：US20110162967A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-07

申请号：US13046338

申请日：2011-03-11

Applicant: Russell J. MacDonald ,  Zhang Li

Inventor： Russell J. MacDonald ,  Zhang Li

IPC: B01D61/46 ,  B01D15/04

CPC classification number: B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/52 ,  B01J47/12 ,  B01J47/127

Abstract: A linear exchange element with functionalized polymer on a core of rope, twine or yarn has well defined physical structure and may function as a spacer or be formed into free-standing exchange elements. A screen is fabricated from such strands or strips, with a pattern of mixed, sequential or other exchange types for enhanced operation in a capture device or in an electrodialysis device. Strands possess tensile strength, enabling deionization devices of new architecture, such as fiber-wound cartridges and other packing arrangements. Bodies made of the strands may operate as walls to perform the function of an exchange membrane or bed, or may operate as spacers positioned between membranes to enhance ion capture and transport, and their properties simplify handling and regeneration. Electroseparation devices advantageously employ the open spacers to better treat food, fermentation product or other streams where high conductivity, suspended solids and fouling would otherwise present problems. “Woven” mats may be arranged so that strands of one type in a first layer possess at least some points of contact with strands of opposite type in an adjacent layer, and different strand diameter and mesh pitch or dimension may be employed for treating fluids of different viscosity or concentration to optimize treatment throughput and removal rate, or to minimize fouling or flow obstruction and otherwise extend the range of treatment parameters.

Abstract translation: 在绳索，麻线或纱线的芯上具有官能化聚合物的线性交换元件具有明确的物理结构，并且可以用作间隔物或形成独立的交换元件。 屏幕由这种线或条制成，具有混合，顺序或其它交换类型的图案，用于在捕获装置或电渗析装置中增强操作。 绞线具有拉伸强度，使得新结构的去离子装置，例如纤维缠绕筒和其它包装装置。 由股线制成的机构可以作为壁来运行交换膜或床的功能，或者可以作为间隔物来操作，以隔离膜以增强离子捕获和输送，并且它们的性质简化了处理和再生。 电分离装置有利地使用开放间隔物来更好地处理食物，发酵产物或其它流，其中高导电性，悬浮固体和结垢将另外存在问题。 可以布置“编织”垫，使得第一层中的一种类型的股线在相邻层中具有与相反类型的股线的至少一些接触点，并且不同的股直径和网格间距或尺寸可用于处理 不同的粘度或浓度，以优化处理量和去除率，或最大限度地减少结垢或流动阻塞，否则扩展处理参数的范围。

公开(公告)号：US07306709B2

公开(公告)日：2007-12-11

申请号：US11292319

申请日：2005-12-01

Applicant: Vladimir Grebenyuk ,  Oleg Grebenyuk ,  Keith J. Sims ,  William W. Carson ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Li Zhang

Inventor： Vladimir Grebenyuk ,  Oleg Grebenyuk ,  Keith J. Sims ,  William W. Carson ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Li Zhang

IPC: B01D61/48

CPC classification number: B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/52 ,  B01D63/10 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/4695 ,  C02F2201/003

Abstract: EDI apparatus for demineralizing a liquid flow is assembled in a housing having a cylindrical shape, and includes two metal electrodes, and one or more leafs, each leaf comprising a pair of selectively ion-permeable membranes arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart by spacing elements that allow liquid to flow in the interstitial space between membranes, thus forming an arrangement of dilute and concentrate cells in a desired flow configuration. Spacing elements between membranes, as well as between leaves, can be formed of inert polymer material, ion exchange beads, ion exchange fibers, a combination of two or more these elements, or a porous media incorporating one or more of such elements as an intrinsic part. An inner or central electrode and an outer or perimeter electrode establish a generally uniform and radially-oriented electrical or ionic current between the inner and the outer electrodes, across the helical flow spaces defined by the membrane/spacer windings. One or both electrodes may include a pocket, and the adjacent flow cells lie parallel to the electrode and free of shadowing and field inhomogeneity around a full circumference of the electrode. Flow paths within the helical cells are defined by barrier seals, which may form a path-lengthening maze, while unfilled cell regions may disperse or collect flow within a cell and define pressure gradients promote directional flows. Impermeable barriers between membranes further prevent the feed and concentrate flows from mixing. In various embodiments, seals along or between portions of the flow path may define a multi-stage device, may define separate feed and/or concentrate flows for different stages, and/or may direct the feed and concentrate flows along preferred directions which may be co-current, counter-current or cross-current with respect to each other within the apparatus.

Abstract translation: 用于使液体流动脱矿质的EDI装置组装在具有圆柱形形状的壳体中，并且包括两个金属电极和一个或多个叶片，每个叶片包括一对彼此平行布置的间隔开的间隔开的间隔开的选择性离子渗透膜 允许液体在膜之间的间隙空间中流动的元件，从而在期望的流动配置中形成稀释和浓缩细胞的排列。 膜之间以及叶之间的间隔元件可以由惰性聚合物材料，离子交换珠，离子交换纤维，两种或更多种这些元素的组合形成，或多种介质结合一种或多种这样的元素，如内在的 部分。 内部或中心电极和外部或周边电极在内部和外部电极之间跨越由膜/间隔件绕组限定的螺旋流动空间建立大致均匀且径向取向的电或离子电流。 一个或两个电极可以包括袋，并且相邻的流动池平行于电极并且在电极的整个周围没有阴影和场不均匀性。 螺旋细胞内的流动路径由阻挡密封件限定，其可以形成路径延长迷宫，而未填充的细胞区域可以在细胞内分散或收集流动并且限定压力梯度促进定向流动。 膜之间的不渗透屏障进一步防止了进料和浓缩物的流动。 在各种实施例中，沿着流动路径的部分或之间的密封件可以限定多级装置，可以为不同的级限定单独的进料和/或浓缩物流，和/或可以将进料和浓缩物流沿着优选的方向引导， 在设备内相互相互并流，逆流或交叉电流。

公开(公告)号：US5284879A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-08

申请号：US857910

申请日：1992-03-26

Applicant: Russell B. Hodgdon ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Samuel S. Alexander

Inventor： Russell B. Hodgdon ,  Russell J. MacDonald ,  Samuel S. Alexander

IPC: B01J41/14 ,  C08F12/34 ,  C08J5/22

CPC classification number: B01J41/14 ,  C08F12/34 ,  C08J5/2256 ,  C08J2333/12

Abstract: A water or alcohol-water soluble divinyl monomer having anion exchange group(s) and a free exchangable anion is disclosed. These bifunctional divinyl monomers are capable of forming ion exchange materials (membranes and ion exchange resin beads) upon polymerization with added vinyl catalysts which convert them into insoluble and infusible polymers. They are also capable of being co-polymerized with other ion exchange (ion containing) monomers to give unique anion exchange resins or membranes.

Abstract translation: 公开了具有阴离子交换基团和自由交换阴离子的水或醇 - 水溶性二乙烯基单体。 这些双功能二乙烯基单体在加入乙烯基催化剂聚合时能够形成离子交换材料（膜和离子交换树脂珠），将其转化为不溶性和不可渗透的聚合物。 它们还能够与其他离子交换（含离子）单体共聚以提供独特的阴离子交换树脂或膜。

公开(公告)号：US5045171A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

申请号：US393334

申请日：1989-08-14

Applicant: Russell J. MacDonald

Inventor： Russell J. MacDonald

IPC: C08J5/22

CPC classification number: C08J5/2275 ,  C08J2333/10 ,  C08J2379/08

Abstract: In contrast to prior art conventional anion selective membranes, the membranes of this invention have a low transport number for hydrogen ions (e.g. t.sub.H.spsb.+ .ltoreq.0.3) and a high transport number for low ionic weight anions (e.g. t.sub.A.spsb.- .gtoreq.0.7) in acid solutions (e.g. 0.5 to 1.0 gram-equivalents H.sup.+ per liter). As compared to such prior art membranes, those of this invention have a critically lower ratio of water content to anion exchange capacity.

Abstract translation: 与现有技术的常规阴离子选择性膜相比，本发明的膜对于氢离子（例如tH +≤0.3）具有低的运输数量，并且对于低离子重量的阴离子（例如tA→0.7）具有高的运输数量， 在酸溶液（例如0.5至1.0克当量H +每升）中。 与现有技术的膜相比，本发明的膜具有极低的水含量与阴离子交换容量的比例。