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    Low power oscillator with charge subtraction scheme
    1.
    发明授权
    Low power oscillator with charge subtraction scheme 有权
    低功耗振荡器，带有减法方案

    公开(公告)号：US09385692B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-07-05

    申请号：US14661279

    申请日：2015-03-18

    Applicant: The Regents of The University of Michigan

    Inventor： David T. Blaauw ,  Dennis Sylvester ,  Seok Hyeon Jeong

    IPC: H03K3/0231 ,  H03K4/502 ,  H03K3/012 ,  H03K3/011

    CPC classification number: H03K3/0231 ,  H03K3/011 ,  H03K3/012 ,  H03K4/502

    Abstract: An ultra-low power oscillator is designed for wake-up timers that can be used in compact wireless sensors, for example. A constant charge subtraction scheme removes continuous comparator delay from the oscillation period, which is the source of temperature dependence in conventional RC relaxation oscillators. This relaxes comparator design constraints, enabling low power operation. In 0.18 μm CMOS, the oscillator consumes 5.8 nW at room temperature with temperature stability of 45 ppm/° C. (−10° C. to 90° C.) and 1%/V line sensitivity.

    Abstract translation: 超低功耗振荡器设计用于例如可用于紧凑型无线传感器的唤醒定时器。 恒定的电荷减法方案从振荡周期中去除连续的比较器延迟，这是常规RC弛豫振荡器中温度依赖性的来源。 这样放松了比较器的设计约束，实现了低功耗操作。 在0.18μmCMOS中，振荡器在室温下消耗5.8 nW，温度稳定度为45 ppm /°C（-10°C至90°C）和1％/ V线灵敏度。

    Carrier and sampling frequency offset estimation for RF communication with crystal-less nodes
    3.
    发明授权
    Carrier and sampling frequency offset estimation for RF communication with crystal-less nodes 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11496174B1

    公开(公告)日：2022-11-08

    申请号：US17162056

    申请日：2021-01-29

    Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

    Inventor： Hun-Seok Kim ,  Chin-Wei Hsu ,  David T. Blaauw ,  Benjamin Kempke

    IPC: H04B1/00 ,  H04B1/38 ,  H04L67/12

    Abstract: When the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node does not have a crystal oscillator and phase-lock loop, it inevitably exhibits significant carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling frequency offset (SFO) with respect to the reference frequencies in the gateway. This disclosure enables efficient real-time calculation of accurate SFO and CFO at the gateway, thus the ultra-low power mm-scale sensor node can be realized without a costly and bulky clock reference crystal and also power-hungry phase lock loop. In the proposed system, the crystal-less sensor starts transmission with repetitive RF pulses with a constant interval, followed by the data payload using pulse-position modulation (PPM). A proposed algorithm uses a two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) based process that identifies the SFO and CFO at the same time to establish successful wireless communication between the gateway and crystal-less sensor nodes.

    LOW POWER OSCILLATOR WITH CHARGE SUBTRACTION SCHEME
    4.
    发明申请
    LOW POWER OSCILLATOR WITH CHARGE SUBTRACTION SCHEME 有权
    低功率振荡器，具有充电放电方案

    公开(公告)号：US20150270804A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-24

    申请号：US14661279

    申请日：2015-03-18

    Applicant: The Regents of The University of Michigan

    Inventor： David T. Blaauw ,  Dennis Sylvester ,  Seok Hyeon Jeong

    IPC: H03B5/06

    CPC classification number: H03K3/0231 ,  H03K3/011 ,  H03K3/012 ,  H03K4/502

    Abstract: An ultra-low power oscillator is designed for wake-up timers that can be used in compact wireless sensors, for example. A constant charge subtraction scheme removes continuous comparator delay from the oscillation period, which is the source of temperature dependence in conventional RC relaxation oscillators. This relaxes comparator design constraints, enabling low power operation. In 0.18 μm CMOS, the oscillator consumes 5.8 nW at room temperature with temperature stability of 45 ppm/° C. (−10° C. to 90° C.) and 1%/V line sensitivity.

    Abstract translation: 超低功耗振荡器设计用于例如可用于紧凑型无线传感器的唤醒定时器。 恒定的电荷减法方案从振荡周期中去除连续的比较器延迟，这是常规RC弛豫振荡器中温度依赖性的来源。 这样放松了比较器的设计约束，实现了低功耗操作。 在0.18μmCMOS中，振荡器在室温下消耗5.8 nW，温度稳定度为45 ppm /°C（-10°C至90°C）和1％/ V线灵敏度。

    ULTRA LOW POWER TEMPERATURE INSENSITIVE CURRENT SOURCE WITH LINE AND LOAD REGULATION
    5.
    发明申请
    ULTRA LOW POWER TEMPERATURE INSENSITIVE CURRENT SOURCE WITH LINE AND LOAD REGULATION 有权
    超低功耗温度无源电流源，具有线路和负载调节功能

    公开(公告)号：US20150268689A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-24

    申请号：US14662615

    申请日：2015-03-19

    Applicant: The Regents of The University of Michigan

    Inventor： David T. Blaauw ,  Dennis Sylvester ,  Myungjoon Choi ,  Inhee Lee ,  Taekwang Jang

    IPC: G05F3/16

    CPC classification number: G05F3/16 ,  G05F1/468 ,  G05F1/575 ,  G05F3/242

    Abstract: A temperature insensitive sub-nA current reference is presented with pA-range power overhead. The main concept is to linearly reduce the gate voltage of a sub-threshold-biased MOSFET as temperature increases, in order to compensate for exponential dependence of drain current on temperature. For example, a MOSFET-only, 20 pA, 780 ppm/° C. current reference that consumes 23 pW is disclosed, marking the lowest reported power among current references. The circuit exploits sub-threshold-biased MOSFETs and a complementary-to-absolute temperature (CTAT) gate voltage to compensate for temperature dependency. The design shows high immunity to supply voltage of 0.58%/V and a load sensitivity of 0.25%/V.

    Abstract translation: 温度不敏感的sub-nA电流参考值以pA范围功率开销呈现。 主要的概念是随着温度升高线性降低亚阈值偏置MOSFET的栅极电压，以补偿漏极电流对温度的指数依赖性。 例如，公开了仅消耗23 pW的仅MOSFET，20 pA，780 ppm /°C电流参考，标记了当前参考文献中报告的最低功率。 该电路利用亚阈值偏置MOSFET和互补绝对温度（CTAT）栅极电压来补偿温度依赖性。 该设计具有高抗电荷性，电源电压为0.58％/ V，负载灵敏度为0.25％/ V。

    PULSE INJECTION CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
    6.
    发明申请
    PULSE INJECTION CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 审中-公开
    脉冲注射晶体振荡器

    公开(公告)号：US20150207460A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-07-23

    申请号：US14379426

    申请日：2013-02-15

    Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

    Inventor： Dongmin Yoon ,  David T. Blaauw ,  Dennis Sylvester ,  Scott Hanson

    IPC: H03B5/36

    CPC classification number: H03B5/36 ,  H03F2203/45674 ,  H03K5/04

    Abstract: An improved oscillation driver circuit for use in an integrated circuit in combination with an oscillation element. An amplification element is adapted to receive an oscillator output, and to generate an amplified oscillator output. A pulse generator receives the amplified oscillator output and generates positive and negative pulsed outputs substantially in phase with the oscillator output. A driver element is adapted to drive the oscillator input in response to the pulsed outputs.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于与振荡元件组合的集成电路中的改进的振荡驱动器电路。 放大元件适于接收振荡器输出，并产生放大的振荡器输出。 脉冲发生器接收放大的振荡器输出并产生与振荡器输出基本上同相的正和负脉冲输出。 驱动器元件适于响应于脉冲输出来驱动振荡器输入。

    Low power high gain radio frequency amplifier for sensor apparatus
    7.
    发明授权
    Low power high gain radio frequency amplifier for sensor apparatus 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10447318B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-10-15

    申请号：US15887212

    申请日：2018-02-02

    Applicant: The Regents of The University of Michigan

    Inventor： David T. Blaauw ,  David D. Wentzloff ,  Li-Xuan Chuo ,  Hun-Seok Kim

    IPC: H04B1/04 ,  H01Q7/00 ,  H03B5/12 ,  H04B1/40

    Abstract: A wireless communication device is presented for use with a sensor. The wireless communication device includes: an antenna, a driver circuit and a bias circuit. The driver circuit is electrically coupled to the antenna and includes at least one pair of cross-coupled transistors. The bias circuit is electrically coupled to the driver circuit. In a transmit mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a first bias current. In response to the first bias current, the driver circuit oscillates the antenna. In a receive mode, the bias circuit biases the driver circuit with a second bias current, such that the first bias current differs from the second bias current. In response to the second bias current, the bias circuit amplifies a signal received by the antenna.

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