公开(公告)号：US4577598A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-25

申请号：US696674

申请日：1985-01-30

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F01L1/356 ,  F01L1/34

CPC classification number: F01L1/356

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has n member of cylinders, a piston in each cylinder connected to a crankshaft (2), each piston being in phase or out of phase with the others by A.degree. or a multiple thereof (A=720/n), cams for actuating inlet and exhaust valves to each cylinder, and a cam drive mechanism (5) which rotates the cams in phased relationship with the crankshaft (2) to open the valves in sequence for a desired angle of rotation of the crankshaft. The cam drive mechanism also includes means for combining the rotational movement of the cams with a phased oscillatory movement of the camshaft (3) and cams of variable amplitude about the axis of rotation at a frequency f times the crankshaft frequency so that over the period which the valves are opened and/or their timings variable, f has the following values:f=2n when the number of cylinders n=1;f=n or n/2 when n=2;and f=n/2 when n=3 or more. The selection of the frequency of the oscillations allows all the cams to be mounted on the same camshaft.

公开(公告)号：US4535740A

公开(公告)日：1985-08-20

申请号：US615632

申请日：1984-05-31

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F02D41/14 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02P5/145 ,  F02P5/155 ,  F02D37/02

CPC classification number: F02P5/1455 ,  F02B1/04 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: The invention describes a control system in which open loops control the mixture strength and spark timing by means of look-up tables (14, 12) stored in a computer and a closed loop (16, 18, 20, 24) with much greater response time corrects the air fuel ratio to compensate for long term drift in the open loops under the control of an ionization sensor sensitive to the duration of the burn period. The ionization sensor output is used only in operating ranges where its output accurately reflects the burn period duration.Consequently, the high speed response of an open loop is achieved at the same time as the long term stability of a feedback loop sensitive to the burn period duration.

Abstract translation: 本发明描述了一种控制系统，其中开环通过存储在计算机中的查找表（14,12）和具有更大响应的闭环（16,18,20,24）来控制混合强度和火花正时 时间校正空燃比以补偿在对燃烧周期持续时间敏感的电离传感器的控制下的开环中的长期漂移。 电离传感器输出仅用于其输出准确反映燃烧期持续时间的工作范围。 因此，与对燃烧期持续时间敏感的反馈回路的长期稳定性同时实现开环的高速响应。

公开(公告)号：US5357919A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-25

申请号：US090130

申请日：1993-07-14

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F02B1/04 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F02F1/22 ,  F02M25/07 ,  F02F3/14

CPC classification number: F02B17/00 ,  F02F1/22 ,  F02M26/37 ,  F02M26/41 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  F02B2075/027

Abstract: A four-stroke spark ignited internal combustion engine has a variable volume working chamber and an auxiliary chamber having a fixed volume which is smaller than the maximum volume of the working chamber, with the working chamber and the fixed chamber being communicated by a series of passages in the cylinder wall. The passages in the cylinder wall are situated such that when the piston is near the top of its exhaust stroke, the end gases stored in the auxiliary chamber are discharged into the crankcase.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 00089 Sec。 371日期：1993年7月14日 102（e）日期1993年7月14日PCT提交1992年1月16日PCT公布。 出版物WO92 / 13181 日本1984年8月6日。四冲程火花点火内燃机具有可变容积的工作室和辅助室，其具有小于工作室的最大容积的固定体积，工作室和固定室 通过气缸壁中的一系列通道连通。 气缸壁中的通道定位成使得当活塞靠近其排气行程的顶部时，存储在辅助室中的末端气体被排放到曲轴箱中。

公开(公告)号：US4543918A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-01

申请号：US544943

申请日：1983-10-24

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F02B27/02 ,  F02B75/18 ,  F02B75/20 ,  F02M35/10 ,  F02B29/00

CPC classification number: F02M35/10321 ,  F02B27/0215 ,  F02B27/0231 ,  F02M35/10039 ,  F02M35/10137 ,  B29K2995/0001 ,  F02B2075/1816 ,  F02B75/20 ,  F02M35/10111 ,  F05C2225/08 ,  Y02T10/146

Abstract: The invention relates to an induction manifold for a fuel injected internal combustion engine which comprises a rigid plenum chamber, intake pipes extending from the plenum chamber to the individual engine cylinders, and extensions of the individual intake pipes disposed within the plenum chamber. This construction enables the manifold to be tuned without occupying excessive space in the engine compartment.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于燃料喷射内燃机的感应歧管，其包括刚性增压室，从增压室延伸到各个发动机气缸的进气管和设置在增压室内的各个进气管的延伸部。 这种结构使歧管能够在不占用发动机舱内的过多空间的情况下进行调节。

公开(公告)号：US5297507A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US30292

申请日：1993-03-11

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F01L1/344 ,  F01L1/12

CPC classification number: F01L1/34409 ,  F01L1/024 ,  F01L2001/0478 ,  F01L2001/34483 ,  F02B2275/18 ,  Y10T74/2102

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a crankshaft, a camshaft driven by the crankshaft through a drivewheel at half the crankshaft speed and at least one cam on the camshaft for actuating a spring-biased poppet valve. To achieve variable event timing, a lost motion coupling is arranged between the drive wheel and the camshaft. During the opening of the valve, the camshaft rotates at substantially the same speed as the drive wheel, but during the closing of a valve, the camshaft is accelerated by the valve spring to lead the drive wheel and thereby reduce the duration of the valve event. It is alternatively possible to collapse the opening phase of the valve event rather than the closing phase by reversing the operation of the coupling.

Abstract translation: 内燃机具有曲轴，由曲轴通过曲轴速度一半的驱动轮驱动的凸轮轴和凸轮轴上的至少一个凸轮，用于致动弹簧偏压提升阀。 为了实现可变事件定时，在驱动轮和凸轮轴之间布置了空转联动。 在阀的打开期间，凸轮轴以与驱动轮大致相同的速度旋转，但是在阀关闭期间，凸轮轴被阀弹簧加速以引导驱动轮，从而减小阀事件的持续时间 。 或者可以通过反转联接器的操作来折叠阀事件的打开阶段而不是关闭阶段。

公开(公告)号：US5128583A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-07

申请号：US573314

申请日：1990-09-28

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: H01T13/16 ,  H01T13/36

CPC classification number: H01T13/16 ,  H01T13/36

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed having a metal body 18, a center electrode 16 and an insulator 14 surrounding the center electrode, the part of the insulator disposed within the combustion chamber being separated by an annular gap from the metal body of the spark plug. In order to reduce cycle to cycle variations, a filler 12 of very poor thermal conductivity is used to fill the gap between the insulator 14 and the body 18 to prevent gas movement in this gap, thereby preventing the gap from forming part of the combustion chamber.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB89 / 00529 Sec。 371 1990年9月28日第 102（e）1990年9月28日PCT PCT。1989年5月17日PCT公布。 出版物WO89 / 11745 公开了一种具有金属体18，中心电极16和围绕中心电极的绝缘体14的火花塞，设置在燃烧室内的绝缘体的一部分被与金属的环形间隙隔开 火花塞体。 为了减少循环周期变化，使用非常差的导热性的填料12来填充绝缘体14和本体18之间的间隙，以防止在该间隙中的气体移动，从而防止间隙形成燃烧室的一部分 。

公开(公告)号：US4535738A

公开(公告)日：1985-08-20

申请号：US621823

申请日：1984-06-18

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F02P5/155 ,  F02P5/145 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/14 ,  F02D37/02

CPC classification number: F02P5/1455 ,  F02P2017/125 ,  F02P2017/128 ,  F02P5/152 ,  Y02T10/46

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of engine control, which comprises firing a weak spark through the spark gap, measuring the current through or voltage across the electrodes following the weak spark, analyzing the voltage or current to derive a prediction of the flame propagation speed and subsequently firing a stronger spark through the spark gap to ignite the charge, the timing of the stronger spark being varied in dependence upon the prediction of the flame propagation speed.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种发动机控制方法，其包括通过火花隙点燃弱火花，测量跟随弱火花的电极穿过电极或电压，分析电压或电流以得出火焰传播速度的预测， 随后通过火花间隙发射更强的火花点燃电荷，根据火焰传播速度的预测，更强烈的火花的时间变化。

公开(公告)号：US5685144A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-11

申请号：US537655

申请日：1995-10-13

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: B01D53/94 ,  F01N3/06 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/28 ,  F01N3/30 ,  F01N3/32 ,  F01N3/38 ,  F01N13/02

CPC classification number: B01D53/9454 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/0814 ,  F01N3/0835 ,  F01N3/0871 ,  F01N3/204 ,  F01N3/2882 ,  F01N2250/04 ,  F01N2250/12 ,  F01N3/06 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/2892 ,  F01N3/30 ,  F01N3/32 ,  F01N3/38 ,  Y02T10/22 ,  Y02T10/26

Abstract: A method is described for operating an engine having an afterburner and a catalytic converter downstream of the afterburner. Sufficient excess fuel is introduced into the engine to produce in the exhaust gases fuel constituents including unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Unburnt hydrocarbons are intercepted upstream of the afterburner so as to allow substantially only carbon monoxide and hydrogen to reach the afterburner. Sufficient additional air is introduced into the exhaust system to bring the composition of only the carbon monoxide, hydrogen and air to stoichiometry or leaner than stoichiometry, the resulting concentration of hydrogen and oxygen in the mixture reaching the afterburner being sufficient for ignition immediately after a cold start. By removing the hydrocarbons temporarily before the exhaust gases reach the afterburner, reliable cold ignition can be achieved with lower levels of fuel enrichment.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB94 / 00311 Sec。 371 1995年10月13日第 102（e）日期1995年10月13日PCT 1994年2月16日PCT PCT。 公开号WO94 / 24423 日期1994年10月27日描述了一种用于操作具有加力器和催化转化器在后燃器下游的发动机的方法。 将足够多的燃料引入发动机以在废气中产生包括未燃烧的烃，一氧化碳和氢气的燃料成​​分。 未燃碳氢化合物在加力燃烧器的上游被拦截，以便基本上只允许一氧化碳和氢气到达加力燃烧器。 足够的额外空气被引入到排气系统中以使仅一氧化碳，氢气和空气的组成仅达到化学计量或比化学计量更稀释，达到加力燃料的混合物中所产生的氢气和氧气的浓度足以在冷 开始。 通过在废气到达后燃器之前暂时除去碳氢化合物，可以在较低浓度的燃料浓缩下实现可靠​​的冷点火。

公开(公告)号：US5465574A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-14

申请号：US211731

申请日：1994-04-11

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma

IPC: F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/28 ,  F01N3/32 ,  F01N13/02

CPC classification number: F01N3/2882 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/204 ,  F01N3/32 ,  F01N2250/04 ,  Y02T10/26

Abstract: A catalytic converter comprises two catalytic matrices 10, 12, 14 mounted in a common housing and spaced from one another by an afterburner chamber 16. An igniter 22 is arranged in the afterburner chamber 16 near the first matrix 12 and a flame guard 18 is arranged upstream of and in close proximity to the igniter 22. The flame guard 18 comprises at least one elongate narrow strip spanning the combustion chamber which acts to spread the base of the flame across the width of the chamber 16 so as to enable the flame to spread in a shorter distance across the exhaust gases before reaching the second matrix 14.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 01855 Sec。 371日期1994年04月11日 102（e）日期1994年4月11日PCT提交1992年10月12日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 07365 日期1999年4月15日。催化转化器包括安装在公共壳体中的两个催化剂基质10,12,14，并且通过后燃室16彼此间隔开。点火器22布置在靠近第一矩阵12的后燃器室16中 并且防火器18布置在点火器22的上游并且非常靠近点火器22.火焰防护装置18包括跨过燃烧室的至少一个细长窄条，其用于将火焰的底部扩散穿过腔室16的宽度，从而 以使火焰能够在到达第二基质14之前在较短的距离内穿过排气扩散。

公开(公告)号：US5425233A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-20

申请号：US162210

申请日：1993-12-10

Applicant: Thomas T. Ma ,  Nicholas Collings

Inventor： Thomas T. Ma ,  Nicholas Collings

IPC: F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/22 ,  F01N3/28 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F02D41/14

CPC classification number: F01N3/222 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/204 ,  F01N3/22 ,  F01N3/2882 ,  F02D41/1454 ,  Y02T10/26

Abstract: A method is described for reducing the total emissions during cold starts from an engine burning a hydrocarbon fuel and having an afterburner arranged upstream of a catalytic converter. The method comprises the steps of:(i) adding an excess of fuel to the engine combustible charge and adding air to the engine exhaust gases immediately after the engine has first fired to assure the presence in the exhaust/air mixture of sufficient concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen to permit the resulting exhaust/air mixture to be ignitable and to burn with a steady flame in the afterburner while the latter is at a temperature close to the ambient temperature, and(ii) igniting the exhaust/air mixture in the afterburner immediately after the engine has first fired.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the excess fuel and/or the additional air are regulated after ignition has occurred in the afterburner to maintain a steady flame in the afterburner until at least part of the matrix of the catalytic converter has reached its light off temperature.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 01035 Sec。 371日期：1993年12月10日 102（e）日期1993年12月10日PCT Filed 1991年6月10日PCT Pub。 第WO92 / 22734号公报 日期为1992年12月23日。描述了一种用于在发动机燃烧碳氢燃料的发动机的冷启动期间减少总排放并且具有布置在催化转化器上游的加力燃烧器的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：（i）在发动机首次燃烧之后立即向发动机可燃燃料添加多余的燃料并向发动机废气中添加空气，以确保排气/空气混合物中存在足够浓度的氢气 和氧气，使得所产生的排气/空气混合物可点燃并在后燃器中以稳定的火焰燃烧，同时后者处于接近环境温度的温度，和（ii）立即点燃加力燃烧器中的排气/空气混合物 发动机先发射后。 在本发明的优选实施例中，在加力燃烧器中发生点火之后调节过量燃料和/或附加空气，以在后燃器中保持稳定的火焰，直到催化转化器的基体的至少部分已经达到其光照 温度。