摘要:
A fuel supply control system for internal combustion engines properly controls the additional fuel supply at high speed operation and full load operation of the engine without causing overheating of the exhaust gas purifying device of the engine. The fuel supply control system includes a throttle switch for generating a load detection signal when the throttle valve is at its substantially full open position indicative of the heavy load condition of the engine and includes a high speed detecting device for generating a high speed detection signal when the amount of air sucked into the engine or when the intermittent signals from an ignition device exceeds a predetermined amount. In response to at least one of the detection signals, the additional fuel is supplied to the engine.
摘要:
In an air-to-fuel ratio feedback control system of the type in which the output detection signal of an air-to-fuel ratio detector adapted to detect the concentration of an exhaust gas constituent of an internal combustion engine is compared with a preset value in a comparison circuit whose output signal in turn is utilized to feedback control the air-to-fuel ratio of mixture supplied to the engine, the preset value of the comparison circuit is changed to another value in response to the occurrence of a condition which requires the stopping of the feedback control of the air-to-fuel ratio of mixture supplied to the engine, thereby preventing the occurrence of malfunction during transient periods such as the periods of opening and closing of the feedback control system loop.
摘要:
A fuel cut-off apparatus is used with an electronically-controlled fuel injection system of the type in which metering of fuel in accordance with the operating conditions of an engine is controlled by the pulse time width of an injection pulse signal applied to electromagnetic fuel injectors. The fuel cut-off apparatus includes a delay circuit, whereby when a fuel cut-off condition is attained during deceleration periods of the engine, the fuel supply to the engine is cut-off after a predetermined time delay.
摘要:
An O2 amount in the intake air is determined based on a fresh air and an EGR gas. A consumed O2 amount is determined with a command injection amount Qr. Then, the consumed O2 amount is subtracted from the O2 amount in the intake air to obtain an exhaust O2 amount. An exhaust O2 concentration is estimated based on the exhaust O2 amount. According to the invention, the system is not affected by a delay for the exhaust gas to reach an O2 sensor and a delay of the chemical reaction in the O2 sensor. Therefore, the exhaust O2 concentration can be highly precisely estimated compare to the case in which the exhaust O2 concentration is detected by the O2 sensor.
摘要:
A molding sand reclaiming apparatus comprising an agitation tank which is provided with a fluidized bed at the inner bottom thereof and also provided with a charging port for used sand and a discharging port for reclaimed sand on the side wall thereof, a rotating shaft driven by a driving source disposed in the agitation tank; a rotating drum which is driven by the rotating shaft to agitate used sand charged into the agitation tank and peel off extraneous matters on the used sand; a classification tank which communicates with the upper part of the agitation tank via a regulating plate and is provided with a dust collecting port; and an air pressure source to fluidize the used sand charged on the fluidized bed in the agitation tank and classify, in the classification tank, the used sand into two parts of the extraneous matters peeled off by the rotating drum and the reclaimed sand, wherein scattering holes for scattering the used sand are formed in a cylinder portion constituting outside of the rotating drum.
摘要:
In a fuel infection valve, a valve chamber of a three ways valve is selectively communicated to drain and high pressure conduits and also communicated, via a main orifice, to a control chamber for controlling valve opening and closing operations of a nozzle needle. The control chamber may be communicated via the main orifice and the valve chamber to the drain conduit or the high pressure conduit, when a valve body is driven by a piezo actuator to open or close the drain conduit and close or open the high pressure conduit. The control chamber is always communicated via a sub orifice to the high pressure conduit without bypassing the three ways valve. Accordingly, hydraulic pressure in the control chamber is slowly decreased at a valve opening time and is rapidly increased at a valve closing time so that a lift characteristic of the nozzle needle is improved.
摘要:
The present invention-provides a method for preparing a high-purity aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution, and there is here disclosed this method for preparing the high-purity aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution which comprises reacting a quaternary ammonium organic acid salt with hydrogen peroxide, oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst to produce a quaternary ammonium inorganic acid salt, and then electrolyzing this inorganic acid salt by the use of an electrolytic tank having a cation exchange membrane.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which is equipped with an air-fuel ratio sensor for sensing an actual air-fuel ratio of a mixture to be introduced into the engine and a target air-fuel ratio setting section for setting a target air-fuel ratio of the engine. Also included is a controlled-amount calculating section for setting an optimal feedback gain on the basis of a predetermined dynamic model of the engine to calculate a controlled amount in accordance with the predetermined optimal feedback gain so that the actual air-fuel ratio becomes equal to the target air-fuel ratio. A fuel supply amount to the engine is determined on the basis of the calculated controlled amount, and the control responsiveness of the controlled-amount calculating section is suppressed when the engine is in a speed-decreasing state. This arrangement can adequately control the air-fuel ratio of the engine irrespective of the engine speed-decreasing state.
摘要:
An improved process for preparing a printed-circuit board, which successively comprises (I) a step of forming a positive photo-sensitive resist film onto a circuit board having a conductive film according to the electrodeposition coating process, (II) a step of irradiating a full dose of an actinic ray onto the positive photo-sensitive resist film through a photomask with which the actinic ray is cut off over a conductive circuit-forming area, (III) a step of developing the resulting resist film, (IV) a step of etching away a deposited copper-clad area, and (V) removing a remaining resist film on the conductive circuit-forming area, the improvement further comprising a step of imparting the resist film in the conductive circuit-forming area an increased alkali resistance prior to development so as to obtain the printed-circuit board having high resolution with good reproductivity without being affected by variations of the developing conditions.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for producing .alpha.-hydroxy-carboxylic acid amide represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined in the specification, by a catalytic hydration reaction of cyanohydrin represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## which comprises using a modified manganese dioxide containing one or more of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth element in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 based on the manganese element in terms of atomic ratio.