摘要:
An item that might be lost is provided with a badge featuring an array of glass beads. In seeking to retrieve such a lost item, an atmospheric-penetrating beam of laser is directed into the search area, and the signals from a reflectometer are monitored. The item having the badge of the array of glass beads is more easily retrievable when lost or mislaid than an item without such badge.
摘要:
A method for storing, accessing and interchanging voluminous confidential documents for review by a plurality of parties and for notifying selected ones of a plurality of receiving computers generally operated by unrelated business organizations of receipt by a predetermined host server of such electronic documents from a sender computer for review. The documents are reviewable by each respective receiving computer over a global communications network. The sender computer and the receiving computers are registered in the host server. The method comprises selecting one or more of the plurality of receiver computers to which selected documents are to be reviewed over the global communications network are addressed, storing the respective documents in a first database that is local relative to the sender computer, replicating the documents stored in the first database in a second database that is local relative to the predetermined server, issuing a respective notification message from the predetermined server to the selected receiver computers, each respective notification message indicating replicated documents available in the second database for their respective retrieval over the global communications network, and retrieving the replicated documents in the second database by the selected receiver computers over the global communications network upon a respective user of the selected receiver computers issuing a respective download command signal to the predetermined server.
摘要:
Optical circuits for optical amplifier input and output stages are described. The input stage circuit (42) comprises a first optical waveguide (46) for carrying a signal beam to be amplified, a second optical waveguide (62) for carrying a pump beam, a beam combining means (58) optically coupled to the first and second optical waveguides (46, 62) for producing a combined signal/pump beam, and means for optically coupling the combined signal/pump beam into an amplifying optical fibre (63). The output stage circuit (44) comprises a first output optical waveguide (64), an optical fibre attachment means arranged to receive an amplifying optical fibre (63) and an optical fibre attachment means arranged to receive an output optical fibre (76) wherein light from the amplifying optical fibre (63) is optically coupled to the output optical fibre (76) via the first output optical waveguide (64). The first and second optical waveguides (46, 62) and the first output optical waveguide (64) are hollow core optical waveguides formed as channels in a substrate. A fibre amplifier, in particular an erbium doped fibre amplifier, comprising such optical circuits is also described.
摘要:
A multi-mode interference (MMI) device, comprising a hollow core multi-mode waveguide optically coupled to at least one hollow core input waveguide, is described in which the internal surfaces of the hollow core waveguides carry a reflective coating. The coating may be a low refractive index material at the wavelength of operation, such as a metal, or a multiple layer dielectric stack. Resonators and optical amplifiers using such (MMI) devices are also described.
摘要:
The present invention provides a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) composition suitable for polishing semi-conductor materials. The composition comprises an abrasive, an organic amino compound, an acidic metal complexing agent and an aqueous carrier A CMP method for polishing a surface of a semiconductor material utilizing the composition is also disclosed.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a method of polishing a surface of a substrate comprising aluminum, comprising contacting a surface of the substrate with a polishing pad and a polishing composition comprising an abrasive, an agent that oxidizes aluminum, and a liquid carrier, and abrading at least a portion of the surface to remove at least some aluminum from the substrate and to polish the surface of the substrate, wherein the abrasive is in particulate form and is suspended in the liquid carrier.
摘要:
A variable optical attenuator (VOA) device (20; 40; 50; 90) is described that comprises a first optical waveguide (24; 52; 80; 94; 120; 140) and a second optical waveguide (26; 42; 54; 82; 96; 122; 142). A moveable reflective element (28; 84; 106; 124; 144), such as a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) based component, is provided that has a controllable orientation with respect to at least one of said first and second optical waveguides. The first and second waveguides are formed as hollow core optical waveguides.
摘要:
A variable optical attenuator device is described that comprises a first optical input, a first optical output, a first optical path between the first optical input and the first optical output, and means for moving a shutter across said first optical path. A hollow core waveguide is provided to substantially guide light along the first optical path of the device. The device may also be used to provide an analogue beam splitting or switch function in telecommunication systems and the like.
摘要:
A photonic light circuit device is described that comprises a semiconductor substrate and two or more optical components wherein one or more hollow core optical waveguides are formed in the semiconductor substrate to optically link said two or more optical components. The PLC may comprise a lid portion and a base portion. The PLC can be adapted to receive optical components or optical components may be formed monolithically therein. Coating with a reflective layer is also described.
摘要:
A photonic light circuit device is described that comprises a semiconductor substrate (220) and two or more optical components (226, 228, 236, 240) wherein one or more hollow core optical waveguides (230, 232, 224) are formed in the semiconductor substrate to optically link said two or more optical components. The PLC may comprise a lid portion (44) and a base portion (42). The PLC can be adapted to receive optical components (8: 608) or optical components may be formed monolithically therein. Coating with a reflective layer is also described.