摘要:
A cathode for photoelectric emission or a cathode for secondary electron emission comprises a thin film made of a material which emits photoelectrons by an incident light or emits secondary electrons by an electron input on a base substrate. The average particle size of the particles forming the thin film is 200 nm to 2000 nm. It is preferred that the average particle size is nearly equal to an average diffusion length of the particle of an excited electron. Further, the average particle size is preferably larger than the mean value of penetration lengths of inputted electrons or incident lights in the particles. Moreover, preferably convexities and/or concavities formed of particles each having the average particle size are formed over the surface of a plane for the incident light or electron input. Further, it is preferred that the thin film is activated by an alkali metal and is made of compounds of at least one kind of alkali metal and an antimony metal. Moreover, a layer having high reflectance against light is preferably inserted between the base substrate and the thin film. Thus, according to the cathode for photoelectric emission or the cathode for secondary electron emission, photoelectrons or secondary electrons are generated effectively and emitted from the cathode for photoelectric emission or the cathode for secondary electron emission.
摘要:
An electron lens electrode for guiding photoelectrons emitted from a photocathode to an electron multiplier section is arranged between the photocathode and the light-incident portion of a sealed container, and an opening is formed at a portion of the electron lens electrode opposing the light-incident portion. Incident light reaches the photocathode through the opening without being scattered or absorbed at all. The transmittance of light incident on a photomultiplier is improved, and the output waveform is uniformed, resulting in an improved S/N ratio.
摘要:
There is provided a photomultiplier in which a transmittance of an incident light and a photosensitivity is high and a hysteresis characteristic is excellent. Therefore, in the present invention, a photocathode 16, dynodes 17a to 17c and an anode 18 are supported between insulating material substrates 12a and 12b provided in a glass bulb 11. A transparent conductive film 19 is formed on an inside wall surface of a light entrance portion 15. The transparent conductive film 19 electrically contacts with a pad 20 which is led through a terminal 14 to the outside. The same potential as the photocathode 12 is applied through the pad 20 to the transparent conductive film 19. The incident light directly impinges on the photocathode 16 through the glass bulb 11 and the transparent conductive film 19 at a place corresponding to the light entrance portion 15. As a result, the incident light reaches the photocathode 12 with not being interfered at all, and the transmittance of the incident light is improved. Since a predetermined potential is applied to the transparent conductive film 19, the change of the potential of the inside wall surface of the glass bulb 11 is performed at high speed, and the hysteresis becomes extremely small.
摘要:
A control system is disclosed which permits information captured by each sensor to be sent exactly to a main controller and a fall in the level of sensor signals with time to be automatically compensated for with no need to make sensor signal lines long and without reducing the sensor monitoring accuracy and limiting the number of sensors used. The levels of signals from sensors connected to each of unit controllers are compared with slice levels. The results of comparisons are converted into a serial signal and then transmitted to the main controller. Each time the sensor signal level is monitored, the optimum slice level therefor is set.
摘要:
A scanning reduction projection aligner has an image field twice wider than an image field of a stepping reduction production aligner, and plural first latent images and plural second latent images are formed in a first photo resist layer and a second photo resist layer spread over a semiconductor wafer in different phases of a fabrication process of a semiconductor device by using the stepping reduction projection aligner and the scanning reduction projection aligner, respectively; when the first latent images are formed in the first photo resist layer, narrow areas of the first photo resist layer are aligned with a reticle by using an alignment mark on the semiconductor wafer at every other pattern transfer so that each second latent image is exactly superimposed on one of the pairs of first latent images in spite of incorrect perpendicularity of orthogonal coordinates virtually determined over the semiconductor wafer.
摘要:
A device for disposing excrement, comprising a diaper cup (1) having a main body (101) for encompassing a human body's hip and buttocks, a washing water sending hose (105) connected to the main body (101) for passing washing water to an interior of the diaper cup (1), and a human waste sucking hose (104) connected to the main body (101) for sucking washing water and waste from the interior of the diaper cup (1). A front cover (103) is mounted to the main body (101) of the diaper cup (1) through bellows joints (102) so that the front cover (103) can be freely bent. A sensor coupler (107) is electrically connected to a bowel movement perceiving sensor (109) mounted to the main body (101) of the diaper cup (1). The washing water sending hose (105), human waste sucking hose (104), and sensor coupler (107) are bundled together into a single hose unit (123) to facilitate attachment and removal of the hoses and sensor coupler from the main body (101) of the diaper cup (1). A plurality of nozzles (108a, 108b) are disposed within the main body (101) of the diaper cup (1) for ejecting washing water to key spots of a human body's hip and buttocks. A light sensor is provided for disabling the device upon removal from the user.
摘要:
In an image pickup device comprising photodetectors (1), vertical transfer portions (2), transfer gate areas (3) each provided between one of the photodetectors (1) and the corresponding one of the vertical transfer portions (2), a storage portion (7), a horizontal transfer portion (5) and an output portion (6), the whole of which are formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein signal charges obtained in the photodetectors (1) during a light receiving period are read out through the transfer gate areas (3) to the vertical transfer portions (2) during a reading out period, then transferred from the vertical transfer portions (2) to the storage portion (7) at high speed and further transferred through the horizontal transfer portion (5) to the output portion (6); the transfer gate areas (3) are of high impurity density, and each of the vertical transfer portions (2) is surrounded by a region (13) of high impurity density including the transfer gate areas. The transfer gate portions (3) and other portions in the region (13) of high impurity density positioned around each of the vertical transfer portions (2) are kept in an accumulation state during the operating period except for during the reading out period.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a charge transfer device for multiplexing signals and eliminates an output circuit and level adjusting circuit necessary for multiplexing signals in the prior art. There are provided at least two first and second transfer channels (34) and (35) for transferring signal charges and a third transfer channel (36) for alternately multiplexing the signal charges which are transferred within the transfer channels (34) and (35). To the first and second transfer channels (34) and (35) is supplied the same transfer clock signal and to the third transfer channel is supplied a second transfer clock signal with a frequency of which is n times the transfer channels before the signals are multiplexed. a multiphase clock with different phases of the clock being applied to spatially corresponding electrodes is used in the invention. The present invention can be used as a signal multiplexing charge transfer device for a color solid state image sensor which uses an image sensing element such as CCD.
摘要:
An input circuit for a charge transfer device in which within a region of the input gate of its charge transfer element the potential barrier same as that in the transfer section thereof is provided and the same digital input signal is supplied to a pair of input gates.
摘要:
A discharge disposing apparatus is provided with a diaper cup body 2 enveloping the waist and hips of a human body, a cleaning water feeding hose connected to the diaper cup body 2 for feeding water into the inside of the diaper cup body, and a filth sucking hose connected to the diaper cup body 2 for sucking the cleaning water and the filth from within the inside of the diaper cup body. The diaper cup body 2 is composed of a base body 2x provided with the cleaning water feeding hose 2p and the filth sucking hose 2n, a caterpillar-like joint 2a rotatably coupled with the base body 2x, and a front cover 2b rotatably coupled with the caterpillar-like joint 2a. The caterpillar-like joint 2a is connected with a plurality of joint pieces 2a1, 2a2, 2a3, 2a4, and 2a5. The diaper of the present invention provides a discharge disposing apparatus in which the exchange operation is made easily without any leakage of water, and the diaper cup body 2 is adjustable to fit human bodies of different sizes.