公开(公告)号：US06944202B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10218706

申请日：2002-08-14

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/40 ,  C01B3/38 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H01S3/0953 ,  H01S3/22 ,  H01S3/223 ,  H02N6/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/22 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/40 ,  C01B3/386 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H01S3/0953 ,  H01S3/223 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: An energy converter reacts hydrocarbons and air on a catalyst configuration to produce a population inversion. A photovoltaic system may extract the radiating energy, and a laser system may extract a significant fraction of the reaction energy in the form of coherent radiation. The flooding of the catalyst adsorption sites with fuel and the choice of catalyst predisposes the adsorbing oxygen molecules to create mono-atomic oxygen hot-atoms, which deposit the considerable energy of oxygen adsorption directly into a reaction channel of adjacent, adsorbed and simple fuel radicals, thereby producing simple, energetic product molecules, concentrating the energy in one or a few modes, and strongly favoring inverted populations. A solid state method to stimulate precursor chemisorbed specie dissociation accelerates the reaction rates, providing a method to greatly intensify pulsed power output, increase efficiency, and to facilitate nano-scale and micro-scale thermal energy heat rejection processes.

Abstract translation: 能量转换器对催化剂构型上的碳氢化合物和空气进行反应以产生群体反演。 光伏系统可以提取辐射能量，并且激光系统可以以相干辐射的形式提取大部分反应能量。 具有燃料的催化剂吸附位置的淹没和催化剂的选择倾向于吸附氧分子以产生单原子氧热原子，其将相当大的氧吸附能量直接沉积到相邻，吸附和简单的燃料自由基的反应通道中 ，从而产生简单，精力充沛的产品分子，将能量集中在一种或几种模式中，并强烈反对倒置人群。 刺激前体化学吸附物种离解的固态方法加速了反应速率，提供了一种大大加强脉冲功率输出，提高效率，以及促进纳米尺度和微尺度热能散热过程的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08637339B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-28

申请号：US13336529

申请日：2011-12-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: G01R31/26 ,  H01L21/66 ,  H01L21/28 ,  H01L21/3205

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US08378207B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

申请号：US12650841

申请日：2009-12-31

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US20120094417A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-19

申请号：US13336529

申请日：2011-12-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US06916451B1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-12

申请号：US09631463

申请日：2000-08-03

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: B01J35/00 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H02N6/00 ,  H02N11/00 ,  B01J19/08 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  B01J35/0033 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02S99/00

Abstract: A method and apparatus to stimulate chemical reactions on a catalyst surface using electricity, and the reverse process to convert energy released from chemical reactions into electricity. A reversible emitter generates electrons which are injected into reactants on the catalyst surface, exciting chemically reactive vibrational resonances. Hot electrons created in the emitter region of a semiconductor junction diffuse to the co-located collector region and catalyst surface. Catalyst clusters or films bonded on the collector surface transfer the hot electrons to or from the catalyst surface having adsorbed reactants. The dimension of the catalyst-collector is less than the energy mean free path of hot electrons. The hot electrons excite reactant vibrations before thermalizing with the substrate lattice thereby accelerating reactions. The hot electrons are also generated by the same reactions on a catalyst surface. The method and apparatus is reversible and may be operated as an electric generator using chemical reactions.

Abstract translation: 使用电力来刺激催化剂表面上的化学反应的方法和装置，以及将从化学反应释放的能量转化成电的相反过程。 可逆发射极产生被注入到催化剂表面上的反应物中的电子，激发化学反应的振动共振。 在半导体结的发射极区域中产生的热电子扩散到共定位的集电极区域和催化剂表面。 结合在收集器表面上的催化剂簇或膜将热电子转移到具有吸附反应物的催化剂表面上或从具有吸附反应物的催化剂表面转移。 催化剂 - 集电器的尺寸小于热电子的能量平均自由程。 热电子在与衬底晶格热化之前激发反应物振动，从而加速反应。 热电子也通过在催化剂表面上的相同反应产生。 该方法和装置是可逆的并且可以作为使用化学反应的发电机操作。

公开(公告)号：US20040182431A1

公开(公告)日：2004-09-23

申请号：US10759341

申请日：2004-01-16

Applicant: NeoKismet, L.L.C.

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L031/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01L29/861 ,  H02N2/186 ,  H02S99/00

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US07122735B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-17

申请号：US10185086

申请日：2002-06-28

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/058 ,  H01L31/06

CPC classification number: H01L33/06 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01L29/155 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/34333 ,  H01S2301/173 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: A method and apparatus that converts energy provided by a chemical reaction into energy for charging a quantum well device. The disclosed apparatus comprises a catalyst layer that catalyzes a chemical reaction and captures hot electrons and hot phonons generated by the chemical reaction, and an interface layer placed between the catalyst layer and a quantum well. The interface layer facilitates the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons from the catalyst layer into the quantum well layer. The interface layer can also convert hot electrons into hot phonons, and vice versa, depending upon the needs of the particular quantum well device. Because the hot electrons and the hot phonons are unstable and readily degrade into heat energy, the dimensions of the catalyst layer and the interface layer are very small. To improve the efficiency of the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons to the quantum well, other interface layers, such as a catalyst interlayer and a catalyst interface, may be utilized.

公开(公告)号：US20030000570A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-02

申请号：US10185086

申请日：2002-06-28

Applicant: NeoKismet, L.L.C.

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L031/00

CPC classification number: H01L33/06 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01L29/155 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/34333 ,  H01S2301/173 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: A method and apparatus that converts energy provided by a chemical reaction into energy for charging a quantum well device. The disclosed apparatus comprises a catalyst layer that catalyzes a chemical reaction and captures hot electrons and hot phonons generated by the chemical reaction, and an interface layer placed between the catalyst layer and a quantum well. The interface layer facilitates the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons from the catalyst layer into the quantum well layer. The interface layer can also convert hot electrons into hot phonons, and vice versa, depending upon the needs of the particular quantum well device. Because the hot electrons and the hot phonons are unstable and readily degrade into heat energy, the dimensions of the catalyst layer and the interface layer are very small. To improve the efficiency of the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons to the quantum well, other interface layers, such as a catalyst interlayer and a catalyst interface, may be utilized.

Abstract translation: 将由化学反应提供的能量转换为用于对量子阱装置充电的能量的方法和装置。 所公开的装置包括催化剂层，其催化化学反应并捕获通过化学反应产生的热电子和热声子，以及界面层，置于催化剂层和量子阱之间。 界面层有助于将热电子和热声子从催化剂层转移到量子阱层中。 接口层还可以将热电子转换成热声子，反之亦然，这取决于特定量子阱器件的需要。 因为热电子和热声子不稳定并且易于降解成热能，催化剂层和界面层的尺寸非常小。 为了提高热电子和热声子转移到量子阱的效率，可以使用其它界面层，例如催化剂中间层和催化剂界面。

公开(公告)号：US08642882B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-04

申请号：US13442373

申请日：2012-04-09

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  H01L27/15 ,  H01L29/47 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01M14/00 ,  H01M14/005 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/0421 ,  H01S5/14

Abstract: A method and a device for converting energy uses chemical reactions in close proximity to or on a surface to convert a substantial fraction of the available chemical energy of the shorter lived energized products, such as vibrationally excited chemicals and hot electrons, directly into a useful form, such as longer lived charge carriers in a semiconductor. The carriers store the excitation energy in a form that may be converted into other useful forms, such as electricity, nearly monochromatic electromagnetic radiation or carriers for stimulating other surface reactions.

Abstract translation: 用于转换能量的方法和装置使用靠近表面或在表面上的化学反应，以将较短寿命通电产物（例如振动激发的化学物质和热电子）的可用化学能的大部分转化成有用的形式 ，例如半导体中较长寿命的载流子。 载体以可转化为其他有用形式的形式存储激发能，例如电，近似单色的电磁辐射或用于刺激其它表面反应的载体。

公开(公告)号：US08476095B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-02

申请号：US12029565

申请日：2008-02-12

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L21/00 ,  H01L31/00

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.