摘要:
Disclosed are cloud point depressants and methods of making and using them. The disclosed cloud point depressants comprise copolymers of a maleic moiety polymerized with alpha olefins and then contacted with an aliphatic tertiary amine to provide a cloud depressant reaction product. When the disclosed reactions products are added to middle distillate fuels or blends of middle distillate fuels with biodiesel, the cloud point depressants inhibit the precipitation of waxes and/or biowaxes in the fuels and the fuels exhibit reduced precipitation, gelling, and/or crystallization when subjected to low or cold temperatures.
摘要:
Methods and compositions for treating coal are provided. A nitroxyl radical compound is added to the coal in order to inhibit coal autooxidation. Additionally, the nitroxyl radical compound can be conjointly used with conventional dust control agents, in order to suppress fugitive coal dust dissemination. In those cases in which foamed treatment is desired to treat coal dust, the nitroxyl radical compound can be conjointly used in the foamable compositions, along with a variety of foam building surfactants such as the amphoteric, nonionic and anionic surfactants.
摘要:
A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.
摘要:
Processes for the effective dimerization and oligomerization of a mixed butenes feed using an ion exchange resin based catalyst are provided. The dimerization and oligomerization processes produce highly branched C8 and C8+ olefins (e.g., C12, C16 and C20 olefins) which could be used as superior fuel blending component for higher energy contents, higher octane value, higher octane sensitivity and lower RVP.
摘要:
A process for recovering ethanol obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid. The crude ethanol product is separated in a column to produce a distillate stream comprising acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate and a residue stream comprising ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and water. The ethanol product is recovered from the residue stream.
摘要:
The invention relates generally to a charcoal ignition fluid that is composed of a cellulose ether polymer, butanol, and water. The charcoal ignition fluid has performance characteristics similar to petroleum distillate but is more sustainable. Additionally, the charcoal ignition fluid can include ethanol and/or an alcohol to reduce the water content. Moreover, the charcoal ignition fluid can include an acetate salt to increase the visible flame for safety purposes. The charcoal ignition fluid may also include an organic ester to enhance the odor of the ignition fluid.
摘要:
In a method of enhancing the dry grinding efficiency of petcoke including adding additives to the petcoke and dry grinding the petcoke together with the additives. The additives may include a combination of at least one organic additive and at least one inorganic additive.
摘要:
A composition for inhibiting oxidation including an anionic, hydrophilic, water soluble polymer, wherein the polymer is chosen from the group consisting of anionic polyacrylamide, methylcellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum, and lignin sulfonate, an anionic surfactant, a co-solvent, and water is herein disclosed.
摘要:
The present disclosure identifies methods and compositions for modifying photoautotrophic organisms as hosts, such that the organisms efficiently produce alkanes, and in particular the use of such organisms for the commercial production of alkanes and related molecules. Other materials, methods, and compositions are also described.
摘要:
A number of variations may include a product including a fluid additive including at least one asphaltene dispersant/inhibitor including a branched dendritic core and at least one carboxylic acid moiety.