公开(公告)号：US07321424B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-22

申请号：US11197195

申请日：2005-08-04

Applicant: James A. McCandless

Inventor： James A. McCandless

IPC: G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01B11/0616 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/251 ,  G01N21/276 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N2201/12723 ,  G01N2201/128 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: In a self-referencing instrument for measuring electromagnetic radiation, a mounting member to which a sample can be coupled moves the sample such that, in a first position, the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the sample, and, in a second position, the electromagnetic radiation does not impinge on the sample. A detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the sample and generates a sample signal when the sample is in the first position, and the detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the source and generates a reference signal when the sample is in the second position. A processor coupled to the detection unit processes the reference signal and the sample signal. This results in a continuous, accurate reference measurement, and permits the instrument to efficiently compensate for error, while offering accurate measurements.

Abstract translation: 在用于测量电磁辐射的自参考仪器中，可以耦合样品的安装构件移动样品，使得在第一位置，电磁辐射照射在样品上，并且在第二位置中，电磁辐射 不会影响样品。 检测单元从样本接收电磁辐射，并且当样本处于第一位置时产生采样信号，并且当样本处于第二位置时，检测单元从源接收电磁辐射并产生参考信号。 耦合到检测单元的处理器处理参考信号和采样信号。 这将产生连续，准确的参考测量，并允许仪器有效地补偿误差，同时提供准确的测量。

公开(公告)号：US5028790A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-02

申请号：US520074

申请日：1990-05-07

Applicant: Gerald F. McGowan ,  Ronald L. Ketchum

Inventor： Gerald F. McGowan ,  Ronald L. Ketchum

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/53

CPC classification number: G01N21/534 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus which can be inserted between the stack and a transceiver of a transmissometer to provide zero and span measurements using the primary light source from the transceiver. The apparatus includes a calibration device mounted between the transceiver and one side of the stack and within the path of the light beam. A zero reflector is mounted within the calibration device for movement back and forth between an inactive position and an active position within the path of the light beam to reflect the same amount of light back into the transceiver as the retro-reflector would across the stack when the stack is clear of smoke. In addition, means is connected to the zero reflector for accomplishing this movement. A span filter is also provided within the calibration device which is movable between an active position in the light beam path to provide an upscale reference calibration check. The invention further contemplates a method of using the apparatus to establish zero and upscale references during initial set-up, followed by periodic establishment of new values indicative of soiling of the transceiver windows.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种能够插入在堆叠和透射计的收发器之间的装置，以使用来自收发器的主光源提供零和跨度测量。 该装置包括安装在收发器和堆叠的一侧之间并且在光束的路径内的校准装置。 零反射器安装在校准装置内用于在光束的路径内的非活动位置和活动位置之间来回移动，以将相同量的光反射回收发器，因为反射器将穿过堆叠， 堆栈是清除烟雾。 此外，装置连接到零反射器以实现该运动。 校准装置内还设置有跨距过滤器，其可在光束路径中的活动位置之间移动，以提供高档参考校准检查。 本发明进一步考虑了一种使用该装置在初始建立期间建立零和高档参考的方法，随后周期性地建立指示收发器窗口的污染的新值。

公开(公告)号：US4883972A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-28

申请号：US190757

申请日：1988-05-06

Applicant: Charles D. Coe

Inventor： Charles D. Coe

IPC: G01N21/53

CPC classification number: G01N21/534 ,  G01N2021/536 ,  G01N2201/0621 ,  G01N2201/0664 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: The invention relates to monitoring equipment for smoke and/or fine particle emissions from fossil fuel systems, of the type where a beam of visible light is passed across a flue from a light source to a detector, a difference in the light intensity received by the detector from the known intensity of the source indicating absorption of light by smoke and/or fine particles in the flue, and the degree of difference indicating the level of smoke and/or fine particles. The objective of the invention is to provide monitoring equipment of the above type, of simpler, lower cost, more robust nature than has hitherto been provided. The objective is met by a construction comprising two units (1, 2) for location of opposite sides of a flue or chimney each unit comprising a light source, (L.sub.1, L.sub.2) a lens (4) and a light detector (D.sub.1, D.sub.2), the light from the light source of each said unit being directed by its lens across the flue or chimney in a divergence path, to be gathered by the lens of the opposite unit and directed to the detector in the opposite unit, the outputs from the detectors of each unit being combined to provide a reading of the degree of smoke and/or fine particulate material existing in the flue or chimney.

公开(公告)号：US20060055932A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-16

申请号：US11197195

申请日：2005-08-04

Applicant: James McCandless

Inventor： James McCandless

IPC: G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01B11/0616 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01N21/251 ,  G01N21/276 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N2201/12723 ,  G01N2201/128 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: In a self-referencing instrument for measuring electromagnetic radiation, a mounting member to which a sample can be coupled moves the sample such that, in a first position, the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the sample, and, in a second position, the electromagnetic radiation does not impinge on the sample. A detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the sample and generates a sample signal when the sample is in the first position, and the detection unit receives the electromagnetic radiation from the source and generates a reference signal when the sample is in the second position. A processor coupled to the detection unit processes the reference signal and the sample signal. This results in a continuous, accurate reference measurement, and permits the instrument to efficiently compensate for error, while offering accurate measurements.

Abstract translation: 在用于测量电磁辐射的自参考仪器中，可以耦合样品的安装构件移动样品，使得在第一位置中，电磁辐射照射在样品上，并且在第二位置中，电磁辐射 不会影响样品。 检测单元从样本接收电磁辐射，并且当样本处于第一位置时产生采样信号，并且当样本处于第二位置时，检测单元从源接收电磁辐射并产生参考信号。 耦合到检测单元的处理器处理参考信号和采样信号。 这将产生连续，准确的参考测量，并允许仪器有效地补偿误差，同时提供准确的测量。

公开(公告)号：US5341804A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-30

申请号：US977978

申请日：1992-11-18

Applicant: Eric J. Fogt ,  James F. Kelley ,  Ralph M. Kerns ,  Timothy J. Duffy ,  David J. Draska

Inventor： Eric J. Fogt ,  James F. Kelley ,  Ralph M. Kerns ,  Timothy J. Duffy ,  David J. Draska

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: A61B5/14535 ,  A61B5/14557 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  G01N21/274 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N2201/1244 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: A system for disabling an oximetric device when radiation-carrying channels are exposed to excess ambient radiation is disclosed. It includes a transmitter channel adjacent the sample to be measured, means for isolating the channel from the sample so that it does not carry radiation reflected from or transmitted through the sample, a detector for receiving the transmitted signal, if any, and means for disabling the output in response to the transmitted signal. Preferably, the transmitter channel runs parallel to other transmitter channels in the device, and is isolated from undue ambient light. The system preferably includes means for determining when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise and the output is disabled when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise. In general, the sample is a fluid, usually blood, passing through a cuvette adjacent the fiber-optic channels, the cuvette defining an area of radiation absorption adjacent the transmitter channel so that the transmitter does not carry reflected or transmitted radiation from the sample. Also disclosed is a fiber-optic sensor for measuring components of a composition by detecting transmitted or reflected, usually reflected, radiation including such a system, and the cuvette therefore. Finally, a method of disabling the output of an oximetric device when the fiber-optic channels are exposed to undue ambient radiation is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种当辐射承载通道暴露于过量环境辐射时使得血压测定装置失效的系统。 它包括与要测量的样本相邻的发射机信道，用于将信道与样本隔离的装置，使得其不携带从样本反射或透射的辐射，用于接收发射信号的检测器（如果有的话）以及用于禁用的装置 响应于所发送的信号的输出。 优选地，发射机信道平行于设备中的其他发射机信道，并且与不适当的环境光隔离。 系统优选地包括用于确定第二发射信号何时超过背景噪声的装置，并且当第二发射信号超过背景噪声时输出被禁用。 通常，样品是流体，通常为血液，通过与光纤通道相邻的比色杯，比色皿限定了邻近发射器通道的辐射吸收区域，使得发射器不携带来自样品的反射或透射的辐射。 还公开了一种用于通过检测包括这种系统的透射或反射的，通常被反射的辐射来测量组合物的组分的光纤传感器，以及因此的比色皿。 最后，公开了当光纤通道暴露于不适当的环境辐射时禁用血压计的输出的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4798965A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-17

申请号：US65804

申请日：1987-06-24

Applicant: Gunter Fetzer ,  Klaus Smetana

Inventor： Gunter Fetzer ,  Klaus Smetana

IPC: G01N21/53 ,  G02B27/64 ,  G01N15/06

CPC classification number: G01N21/534 ,  G02B27/64 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: An optical autocollimation measuring apparatus has a light transmitter-receiver arranged in a housing (15). An image of the light source (11) is formed in the objective (12) by a condensor (9) through the beam divider (20). The objective (12) in turn forms an image of the exit pupil of the condensor (9) in the plane of the retroreflector via the measuring path (13). The retroreflector (14) reflects the incident light beam substantially back on itself to the housing (15) of the light transmitter-receiver, where the received light beam is deflected by the beam divider (20) to a photoreceiver (21). A deflecting mirror (16) is located between the front objective (12) and the measuring path (13) and consists of two parts which are pivotable relative to one another, about a pivot axis (25) extending perpendicular to the optical axis (17), from an extended position into a position in which they are displaced by 90.degree. relative to one another. A suitable aperture diaphragm prevents the abutting edges of the two parts of the deflecting mirror being struck by the transmitted light beam.

Abstract translation: 光学自动准直测量装置具有布置在壳体（15）中的光发射器 - 接收器。 通过分束器（20）通过冷凝器（9）在物镜（12）中形成光源（11）的图像。 目标（12）又通过测量路径（13）在回射器的平面中形成冷凝器（9）的出射光瞳的图像。 后向反射器（14）将入射光束基本上反射回到光收发器的壳体（15），其中接收的光束被光束分配器（20）偏转到光接收器（21）。 偏转镜（16）位于前物镜（12）和测量路径（13）之间，由相对于彼此可枢转的两个部分组成，围绕垂直于光轴（17）延伸的枢轴（25） ），从延伸位置移动到相对于彼此移位90度的位置。 合适的孔径光阑防止偏转镜的两个部分的邻接边缘被透射的光束撞击。

公开(公告)号：US20130237797A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-12

申请号：US13639574

申请日：2011-03-31

Applicant: Arno Müller ,  Heinz-Peter Utz

Inventor： Arno Müller ,  Heinz-Peter Utz

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/145

CPC classification number: A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14558 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/046 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2021/4711 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining biological, chemical and/or physical parameters in living biological tissue, comprising an energy supply unit, a laser operating unit with at least one laser source directed at the biological tissue, at least one sensor unit for detecting the light scattered back and/or absorbed by the biological tissue, a control unit, a storing and processing unit and an interface for an external data processing unit. The method according to the invention includes execution of a calibrating phase for ascertaining a reference set (R) of reference vectors (Ri), in each case involving independently ascertaining a parameter (BZi), radiating unpolarized laser light onto the biological tissue and registering a measured value vector (Mi) from a series of optical measured variables and executing an interpolation phase for ascertaining an interpolation set (I) of interpolation vectors (Ik), in each case involving radiating unpolarized laser light onto the biological tissue and registering a measured value vector (Mk) from a back-scattered light intensity with a subsequent determination of an interpolated parameter (BKk) from the reference set (R).

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于确定活体生物组织中的生物，化学和/或物理参数的装置，包括能量供应单元，具有至少一个激光源的生物组织的激光操作单元，至少一个用于检测的传感器单元 由生物组织散射回和/或吸收的光，控制单元，存储和处理单元以及用于外部数据处理单元的接口。 根据本发明的方法包括执行用于确定参考矢量（R i）的参考集合（R i）的校准阶段，在每种情况下涉及独立地确定参数（BZi），将非偏振激光照射到生物组织上并登记 测量值矢量（Mi），并且执行用于确定内插矢量（Ik）的内插集合（I）的内插相位，每种情况都包括将非偏振激光照射到生物组织上并记录测量值 向量（Mk），随后从参考集合（R）确定内插参数（BKk）。

公开(公告)号：US5339375A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-16

申请号：US975451

申请日：1992-11-12

Applicant: Ralph M. Kerns

Inventor： Ralph M. Kerns

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G02B6/36

CPC classification number: A61B5/14535 ,  A61B5/14557 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  G01N21/274 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N2201/1244 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: A system for disabling an oximetric device when radiation-carrying channels are exposed to excess ambient radiation is disclosed. It includes a transmitter channel adjacent the sample to be measured, means for isolating the channel from the sample so that it does not carry radiation reflected from or transmitted through the sample, a detector for receiving the transmitted signal, if any, and means for disabling the output in response to the transmitted signal. Preferably, the transmitter channel runs parallel to other transmitter channels in the device, and is isolated from undue ambient light. The system preferably includes means for determining when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise and the output is disabled when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise. In general, the sample is a fluid, usually blood, passing through a cuvette adjacent the fiber-optic channels, the cuvette defining an area of radiation absorption adjacent the transmitter channel so that the transmitter does not carry reflected or transmitted radiation from the sample. Also disclosed is a fiber-optic sensor for measuring components of a composition by detecting transmitted or reflected, usually reflected, radiation including such a system, and the cuvette therefor. Finally, a method of disabling the output of an oximetric device when the fiber-optic channels are exposed to undue ambient radiation is disclosed.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种当辐射承载通道暴露于过量环境辐射时使得血压测定装置失效的系统。 它包括与要测量的样本相邻的发射机信道，用于将信道与样本隔离的装置，使得其不携带从样本反射或透射的辐射，用于接收发射信号的检测器（如果有的话）以及用于禁用的装置 响应于所发送的信号的输出。 优选地，发射机信道平行于设备中的其他发射机信道，并且与不适当的环境光隔离。 系统优选地包括用于确定第二发射信号何时超过背景噪声的装置，并且当第二发射信号超过背景噪声时输出被禁用。 通常，样品是流体，通常为血液，通过与光纤通道相邻的比色杯，比色皿限定了邻近发射器通道的辐射吸收区域，使得发射器不携带来自样品的反射或透射的辐射。 还公开了一种光纤传感器，用于通过检测包括这种系统的透射或反射的，通常被反射的辐射来测量组合物的组分和用于其的比色皿。 最后，公开了当光纤通道暴露于不适当的环境辐射时禁用血压计的输出的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5282466A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-01

申请号：US770672

申请日：1991-10-03

Applicant: Timothy J. Duffy ,  Ralph M. Kerns ,  James F. Kelley ,  Eric J. Fogt

Inventor： Timothy J. Duffy ,  Ralph M. Kerns ,  James F. Kelley ,  Eric J. Fogt

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: A61B5/14535 ,  A61B5/14557 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  G01N21/274 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01N2201/1244 ,  G01N2201/1281

Abstract: A system for disabling an oximetric device when radiation-carrying channels are exposed to excess ambient radiation is disclosed. It includes a transmitter channel adjacent the sample to be measured, means for isolating the channel from the sample so that it does not carry radiation reflected from or transmitted through the sample, a detector for receiving the transmitted signal, if any, and means for disabling the output in response to the transmitted signal. Preferably, the transmitter channel runs parallel to other transmitter channels in the device, and is isolated from undue ambient light. The system preferably includes means for determining when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise and the output is disabled when the second transmitted signal exceeds background noise. In general, the sample is a fluid, usually blood, passing through a cuvette adjacent the fiber-optic channels, the cuvette defining an area of radiation absorption adjacent the transmitter channel so that the transmitter does not carry reflected or transmitted radiation from the sample. Also disclosed is a fiber-optic sensor for measuring components of a composition by detecting transmitted or reflected, usually reflected, radiation including such a system, and the cuvette therefore. Finally, a method of disabling the output of an oximetric device when the fiber-optic channels are exposed to undue ambient radiation is disclosed.