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    Hydrogen storage by reversible hydrogenation of pi-conjugated substrates
    1.
    发明申请
    Hydrogen storage by reversible hydrogenation of pi-conjugated substrates 有权
    通过π-共轭底物的可逆氢化来储存氢

    公开(公告)号：US20040223907A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-11-11

    申请号：US10430246

    申请日：2003-05-06

    Inventor： Guido P. Pez ,  Aaron R. Scott ,  Alan C. Cooper ,  Hansong Cheng

    IPC: C01B003/06 ,  C01B003/02

    CPC classification number: C01B3/0015 ,  Y02E60/328

    Abstract: Processes are provided for the storage and release of hydrogen by means of a substantially reversible catalytic hydrogenation of extended pi-conjugated substrates which include large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with oxygen heteroatoms, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl, alkoxy, ketone, ether or polyether substituents, pi-conjugated molecules comprising 5 membered rings, pi-conjugated molecules comprising six and five membered rings with nitrogen or oxygen hetero atoms, and extended pi-conjugated organic polymers. The hydrogen, contained in the at least partially hydrogenated form of the extended pi-conjugated system, can be facilely released for use by a catalytic dehydrogenation of the latter in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst which can be effected by lowering the hydrogen gas pressure, generally to pressures greater than 0.1 bar or raising the temperature to less than 250null C. or less, or by a combination of these two process parameters.

    Abstract translation: 提供了通过扩展的π-共轭底物的基本可逆的催化氢化来提供氢的方法，其包括大的多环芳烃，具有氮杂原子的多环芳烃，具有氧杂原子的多环芳烃，具有烷基的多环芳烃 烷氧基，酮，醚或聚醚取代基，包含5元环的π-共轭分子，包含具有氮或氧杂原子的六元和五元环的π-共轭分子和延伸的π-共轭有机聚合物。 包含在延伸的π-共轭体系的至少部分氢化形式中的氢可以通过在脱氢催化剂的存在下通过催化脱氢来容易地释放使用，所述脱氢催化剂可以通过降低氢气压力来实现， 通常压力大于0.1巴或将温度升高到小于250℃或更低，或通过这两个工艺参数的组合。

    Base-facilitated reformation reactions of organic substances
    2.
    发明申请
    Base-facilitated reformation reactions of organic substances 失效
    有机物质的碱基改性反应

    公开(公告)号：US20040156777A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-12

    申请号：US10763616

    申请日：2004-01-23

    Inventor： Benjamin Reichman ,  William Mays

    IPC: C01B003/02

    CPC classification number: C01F11/06 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B13/18 ,  C25B1/02

    Abstract: A base-facilitated reformation reaction. Hydrogen is produced from a reaction of an organic substance with a base to form bicarbonate ion or carbonate ion as a by-product. The base-facilitated reformation reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than conventional reformation reactions and are able to produce hydrogen gas at less extreme reaction conditions than conventional reformation reactions. In one embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a lower temperature than is possible for the production of hydrogen gas from the organic substance in a conventional reformation reaction. In another embodiment, the instant base-facilitated reformation reactions produce hydrogen gas from an organic substance at a faster rate at a particular temperature than is possible from the conventional reformation reaction of the organic substance. In yet another embodiment, a reformation reaction is made spontaneous in the liquid phase by running the reaction at an elevated pressure. The preferred organic substances of the instant invention are hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms per molecule or mixtures thereof that are available from fuels such as gasoline, bio-diesel, diesel or other petroleum distillates or by-products.

    Abstract translation: 碱促进的重整反应。 由有机物质与碱的反应产生氢气，以形成作为副产物的碳酸氢根离子或碳酸根离子。 碱促进的重整反应在热力学上比常规重整反应更自发，并且能够在比常规重整反应更低的极端反应条件下产生氢气。 在一个实施方案中，本发明的碱促反应在比在常规重整反应中从有机物质生产氢气的温度低的温度下，从有机物质中产生氢气。 在另一个实施方案中，本发明的碱促进的重整反应在比有机物质的常规重整反应可能的特定温度下以更快的速率从有机物质产生氢气。 在另一个实施方案中，通过在升高的压力下进行反应，在液相中自发进行重整反应。 本发明优选的有机物质是每分子具有四个或更多个碳原子的烃或其混合物，其可从燃料如汽油，生物柴油，柴油或其它石油馏出物或副产物获得。

    Synthesis gas production and power generation with zero emissions
    4.
    发明申请
    Synthesis gas production and power generation with zero emissions 审中-公开
    合成气生产和零排放的发电

    公开(公告)号：US20020048545A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-25

    申请号：US09983647

    申请日：2001-10-25

    Inventor： Arlin C. Lewis

    IPC: C01B003/02 ,  F28D021/00 ,  F27B017/00 ,  B01J008/00

    CPC classification number: C10J1/207 ,  C10J2200/12 ,  C10J2200/154 ,  C10J2300/0969 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1634 ,  C10J2300/1678

    Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing and burning synthesis gas. Carbonaceous waste material is pyrolytically decomposed in a primary reactor in the presence of steam to produce raw product gas containing H2 and CO. The raw product gas and CO2 is then introduced into a coke containing secondary reactor under pyrolyzing conditions, so that the CO2 and coke react to produce combustible gas having an increased CO content. The combustible gas is mixed with oxygen and CO2 to produce a combustible mixture which is burned as a fuel to produce heat, CO2 and H2O. A portion of the produced CO2 is recovered and used as the source of CO2 gas in the combustible mixture and as a source of CO2 gas for the secondary reactor. Preferably filters and scrubbers are used in a closed loop system to avoid undesirable emissions into the environment.

    Abstract translation: 用于生产和燃烧合成气的方法和设备。 碳质废料在蒸汽存在下在初级反应器中热分解，生成含有H 2和CO的原始产物气体，然后将粗产物气体和二氧化碳在热解条件下引入含焦炭的二级反应器中，使CO 2和焦炭 反应产生具有增加的CO含量的可燃气体。 可燃气体与氧气和二氧化碳混合，产生燃烧的燃料，作为燃料产生热量，二氧化碳和水。 所产生的CO 2的一部分被回收并用作可燃混合物中的CO 2气体源，并用作二次反应器的CO 2气体源。 优选地，过滤器和洗涤器用于闭环系统以避免不期望的排放到环境中。

    Method of manufacturing synthesis gas
    5.
    发明申请
    Method of manufacturing synthesis gas 有权
    制造合成气的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20020024038A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-28

    申请号：US09801720

    申请日：2001-03-09

    Inventor： Masaki Iijima ,  Kazuto Kobayashi ,  Kazuhiro Morita

    IPC: C01B003/02

    CPC classification number: C10L3/10 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0238 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/061 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/0894 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/127 ,  C01B2203/1294 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  Y02C10/06

    Abstract: A method of manufacturing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprises steps of removing only hydrogen sulfide from a natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide by permitting the natural gas to pass through a hydrogen sulfide-removing device filled with a hydrogen sulfide absorbent, adding carbon dioxide and steam to the natural gas which the hydrogen sulfide has been removed to prepare a mixed gas, and feeding the mixed gas into a reaction tube of a reformer, thereby permitting mainly a steam reforming reaction to take place in the mixed gas. This method enables hydrogen sulfide in natural gas to be removed while permitting the carbon dioxide of natural gas to be effectively utilized, thereby reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide to be added to the natural gas to be transferred to the reformer.

    Abstract translation: 制造含有氢和一氧化碳的合成气的方法包括通过允许天然气通过填充有硫化氢吸收剂的硫化氢去除装置，仅从含有硫化氢和二氧化碳的天然气中除去硫化氢的步骤， 向已除去硫化氢的天然气中加入二氧化碳和蒸汽以制备混合气体，并将混合气体进料到重整器的反应管中，从而主要在混合气体中进行蒸汽重整反应。 该方法能够除去天然气中的硫化氢，同时能够有效地利用天然气的二氧化碳，从而减少要添加到转移到重整器中的天然气中的二氧化碳的量。

    Reforming vapor obtained from a biomass
    6.
    发明申请
    Reforming vapor obtained from a biomass 审中-公开
    改变从生物质获得的蒸气

    公开(公告)号：US20040213732A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-10-28

    申请号：US10067024

    申请日：2002-02-04

    Inventor： Gene E. Lightner

    IPC: C01B003/02

    CPC classification number: C01B3/48 ,  C01B3/52 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/094 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0983 ,  C10J2300/1646 ,  C10J2300/169 ,  C10K1/005 ,  C10K3/02 ,  C10K3/04 ,  Y02E50/32 ,  Y02P20/145

    Abstract: Providing a gas containing water vapor and organic vapors, derived from a biomass, is the method presented. The gas, containing water vapor and organic vapors is subjected to a reformer catalyst to react and become a gas containing water vapor, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Upon subjecting the heretofore reformed gas to a steam shift catalyst, carbon monoxide and water vapor contained within the gas, reacts and forms a gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide substantially devoid of carbon monoxide. Providing a solution for substantially removing carbon dioxide from the gas containing hydrogen and mingling the previously obtained gas, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen with the solution, forms a solution containing a bicarbonate derived from carbon dioxide contained within the gas. Upon separation of the gas, containing hydrogen, from the solution containing a bicarbonate results in a gas containing hydrogen and a solution containing a bicarbonate. Subjecting the bicarbonate containing solution to heat, forms gaseous carbon dioxide and a solution for recycle. Accordingly the method is concluded thereby producing a gas derived from a biomass containing hydrogen substantially devoid of carbon monoxide.

    Abstract translation: 提供一种从生物质得到的含有水蒸气和有机蒸气的气体。 含有水蒸汽和有机蒸汽的气体经受重整器催化剂反应并变成含有水蒸气，氢气和一氧化碳的气体。 在将以前的重整气体经受蒸汽变换催化剂之后，包含在气体内的一氧化碳和水蒸汽反应并形成含有基本上不含一氧化碳的氢气和二氧化碳的气体。 提供一种用于从含氢气体基本上除去二氧化碳并将先前获得的包含二氧化碳和氢气的气体与该溶液混合的溶液，形成含有源自气体中所含二氧化碳的碳酸氢盐的溶液。 在从含有碳酸氢盐的溶液中分离含有氢的气体时，产生含有氢的气体和含有碳酸氢盐的溶液。 使含碳酸氢盐溶液加热，形成气态二氧化碳和溶液用于再循环。 因此，该方法得出结论，从而产生源自含有基本上不含一氧化碳的氢的生物质的气体。

    Carbonate recycling in a hydrogen producing reaction
    9.
    发明申请
    Carbonate recycling in a hydrogen producing reaction 失效

    公开(公告)号：US20040028603A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-02-12

    申请号：US10636093

    申请日：2003-08-07

    Inventor： Benjamin Reichman ,  William Mays

    IPC: C01B003/02

    CPC classification number: C01F11/06 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B13/18 ,  C25B1/02

    Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance and a base with a recycling of a carbonate or bicarbonate by-product and a regeneration of the base. In one embodiment, reaction of an organic substance and a base produces hydrogen gas and a metal carbonate. The instant invention provides recycling of the metal carbonate by-product. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process. In a first step, the soluble metal carbonate is reacted with a metal hydroxide to form a weakly soluble or insoluble metal carbonate that precipitates in a metathesis reaction. The metal hydroxide reactant of the hydrogen producing reaction is also formed in the metathesis reaction and remains in solution. Precipitation of the carbonate thus permits ready isolation of the carbonate by-product, while leaving behind an aqueous metal hydroxide phase that can be returned to and further utilized in the hydrogen producing reaction. The metal carbonate precipitate of the metathesis reaction is thermally decomposed to form a metal oxide solid in a second step. In a third step, the metal oxide is reacted with water to reform the metal hydroxide reactant of the metathesis reaction. The hydrogen producing reaction and recycling process are sustainable in that the metal hydroxide reactant of each reactant is regenerated in the recycling process. In an alternative embodiment, the hydrogen producing reaction produces a metal carbonate precipitate directly and recycling occurs through thermal decomposition of the metal carbonate to form a metal oxide followed by reaction of the metal oxide with water to reform the metal hydroxide employed in the hydrogen producing reaction. In yet another embodiment, a bicarbonate by-product is formed by a hydrogen producing reaction of an organic substance and a base and bicarbonate recovery occurs by heating the bicarbonate to form a carbonate and recycling according to the instant carbonate recycling process.

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